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Showing 10 results for Dadashpoor
Volume 0, Issue 0 (In press 2023)
Abstract
Urban growth boundaries are considered one of the key tools for controlling and managing the physical development of metropolitan areas. Uncontrolled and unplanned expansion in these regions has become a major challenge for urban and regional planners and managers, as this process leads to the destruction of agricultural lands and natural resources. The aim of this research is to simulate and assess future changes in growth boundaries in the Isfahan metropolitan area with the goal of preserving environmental resources and controlling physical expansion. In this regard, by adopting a positivist approach that follows an analytical and measurement-driven process, satellite imagery was utilized to assess changes in the physical expansion of the Isfahan metropolitan area. Artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms were employed to predict the extent of future physical growth, and the projected growth boundaries were delineated. The research findings indicate that the Isfahan metropolitan area has experienced significant uncontrolled expansion, particularly in terms of physical development, over recent decades, and the reduction of agricultural and natural lands has become one of its major challenges. Based on the conducted simulations, the proposed growth boundaries can serve as an effective tool for managing and planning urban-regional development and preventing further degradation of natural resources and lands.
Volume 1, Issue 3 (Fall 2020)
Abstract
Autoethnography is an emerging approach in ethnography which falls under the qualitative methodology and interpretive paradigm. Although this approach has been used in various fields of study in recent years and is expanding to other disciplines, it has been very limited in urban studies. Today's cities are diverse subcultures mosaic of which researchers in this field can use to understand the deep layers through their lived experience. This study mainly aims to describe the major features of this approach and subsequently to link it with the field of urban studies to culturally understand the urban contexts. Accordingly, to understand the philosophical, epistemological and methodological principles of auto ethnography library research and documentary analysis has been used and for the application of auto ethnography in urban studies a field study has been conducted and urban auto ethnography is then explained at the intersection of four main turn ("cultural" turn, "narrative" turn, "spatial" turn and "auto" turn). Cultural diversity in Iranian cities and the need for a deep and indigenous understanding of its inherent characteristics among actors who experience it directly adds further importance to the application of urban autoethnography in research in this area.
Volume 5, Issue 1 (3-2015)
Abstract
No doubt, the performance of any plan and design for some of citizens is good and for other citizens who have less social and economic power is bad. From this viewpoint, urban development plans and designs are one of key tools for reduce economic-social discrimination and inequity in distribution of public resources in cities. This important, first was considered by Henri Lefebvre, Manuel Castells and David Harvey and John Rawls in 60th and 70th centuries. Spatial justice Concept is a debatable and variable concept. The issues of spatial justice have proliferated during the past two decades. Researchers of spatial justice dimensions have spanned the social sciences, and their definitions and ambitions have varied, as do the indicators with which they tried to measure the postulated goal. For some, spatial justice is just equal access for the basic public facilities, measured in distance, such as accessibility to school, health facilities or culture events. For others, spatial equity is more ambitious and would include a choice of jobs and a choice of accessible educational institutions. Also, it would include a choice of cultural events, not just a local or regional amateur theatre, for different target groups and different age groups. Liberal thinkers in the definition of justice rather are focusing individual liberty and Eligibility (the difference between individuals), and Socialism Thinkers on need and equity in the distribution and production. In Islam school, justice is defined based on the right. The justice in Islam, with clear rules and mechanisms, right Deliver to its original owners, and preserve from human dignity (understanding of right-oriented from justice). Spatial justice concept in city has moved from social aspect to distributive justice and finally to spatial concept. Justice-oriented city helps to normative dimension of urban planning. However, the demand for distributive justice is necessary, but it is not sufficient alone. The Because of distributive justice neglect from structural injustice that root in power relationship in society. This theme and viewpoint from spatial justice suggests good city pattern, a city that it not only has distributive equally in resource but it supports from the development of human capabilities for all. Therefore, it is necessary to define a framework for just city. According to the dominant comprehensive-rational paradigm, urban planning in Iran has become in to a tool for domination of the powerful landlords to the city. Urban planners in spite of having of good intentions and the ideal have been taken in position of city enemies and People also turned into illegality anti. In general we can say that urban planning thought in Iran has taken slave of capitalism system and has retreated to functionalism and personal interests. Despite of urban planning retreat, we want to return to a city from normative viewpoint and move to the city-based justice. Thus, explaining a conceptual framework from spatial justice and its application can abundant help to urban planning in Iran. In this way, help to take the Islam teachings can be very useful. For achieving to this framework, we require to determine the criteria of spatial justice. The criteria of spatial justice are different and those depend on time, place, and political and social condition of society. However, accepting criteria of spatial justice in this study that those were extracted with the logical analysis method and based on Islam academy tenets are: (1) liberty: The active participation of citizens in decision-making, decision-making in urban planning, and also having right of citizens in everyday activities in city, (2) needing: Distribution of city resources and services tailored to the needs of the urban neighborhoods and areas, and any deviation from this distribution is supported by the deprived people of this deviation, (3) the difference: The defending differences in society, (4) eligibility: The criteria referees in the social theme to individuals ability and the geographical environment theme to and the references and potentials of environmental, social, economic and cultural-, (5) public benefit: The criteria focuses on individuals access to services based on their participation level and The main purpose of this criteria is to allow freedom of expression to group differences in cities- and (6) equality of opportunity: the providing equal opportunities for all people in access to city resources and utilities. These criteria show that justice-oriented urban planning refer to issues such as the equitable distribution of services, the right to the city, analysis of power relations, participatory and collaborative planning and so on. Thefindings of the research show that justice-oriented urban planning away from slogan state, it needs to attend to difference in society, to strong noise of low class of society in power relationships, to attend to participatory planning and citizens rights. In according to said literature on above, the present research proposals for explaining the concept of spatial justice in Iran urban planning are: expressly authors state that the present proposals in this research aren’t complete. It is hoped that with efforts of urban thinkers and experts, these proposals are completed. It is Necessary to achieve justice in the city, we away from the urban policies of authoritarian and single lecture and we approach to collaborative politics in urban planning. Whereas, dominant paradigm of Urban Planning in Iran is comprehensive- rational planning paradigm, it can’t gain to spatial justice in cities. Therefore, we need to achieve spatial equity and justice in our cities to change our urban planning paradigm from comprehensive rational to justice-oriented urban Planning. Also it is necessary that we attend to values such as right and justice which are not merely given from up to citizens. Those ( at least in structural state ) aren’t giving, but those are getting. Urban planning theories in Iran neglect from the spatial and social structures in cities and those more focus to the planning process. This approach has been led to urban planning theories in Iran casual. Thus, attention to the urban planning content is important in justice oriented city planning.
Volume 17, Issue 1 (3-2010)
Abstract
This paper explores the empirical evidence of the nature of intra-metropolitan supply linkages and industrial clustering and searches for the driving forces that enhances the learning processes and innovation capacities hence; contributing to competitive advantage within the Tehran metropolitan. The research points to accelerating growth in the automotive sector since the late 1980s and early 1990s which has been the driving force of the Tehran’s economy. This growth appears to be related to industrial clustering and systemic linkages with actors such as suppliers, sub-contractors and so on. The analysis of empirical evidences from the sample industrial cluster indicates a considerable number of interesting findings from strong degrees of industrial clustering. However, there are some weak evidences of industrial clustering such as weak institutional environment in the cluster.
Volume 20, Issue 4 (Winter 2017)
Abstract
Nowadays, transport corridors are considered as significant elements of national economy. On the other hand, due to their role in concentration and distribution of population, they have an undeniable role in the formation of spatial structure of regions. Hence, the aim of this paper is to study the impact of the transport corridors on spatial distribution of population and activity in Khorasan-e Razavi province.
The method of the research is quantitative and its approach is descriptive-analytical. Data have mainly been collected by Statistical Center of Iran through the second sources and spatial analysis of data have been carried out using ArcGIS tools, e.g. GWR, and Geo Da software. The results show that there is a direct and positive relationship between density of transport corridors and spatial distribution of population and industrial activity in the area under the study. In addition, the results indicate that despite various potentials in its development process, Khorasan-e Razavi still follows a polarized and centralized spatial pattern and is clearly seen an excessive concentration of activity and population in the center of the province. Thus, despite a direct relationship between the transport network and population and activity centers, the impact intensity of development corridors on the spatial organization of the area is negligible. However, because of the capabilities of the province at regional and trans-regional levels, the strengthening of axes and growth of centers distant from the provincial capital can result in a decrease in the intensity of concentration and enhancing spatial balance.
Volume 21, Issue 3 (Fall 2017)
Abstract
Volume 22, Issue 1 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Introduction:
“Rationality” is one of the most influencing epistemological frameworks in urban planning, though this concept is criticized and denied by post-modernist advocates. The critics believe that it is the “post-rationality” era in urban planning. Furthermore, the concept of rationality has become a negative concept as it has been taken synonymous with an uncompromising technical and professional superiority. According to critics, rationality ignores the other types of knowledge - such as subjective impressions, common sense, social and human values, intuitions and so on – and only justify positivism and value - free knowledge. These criticisms might be due to decreasing the concept of “rationality” to “instrumental rationality”, while there is a variety of concepts of rationality which are different from each other.
This article tries to focus on and develop the necessity and importance of the dialectical challenge amid theory and practice in urban planning. This is done by addressing the stereotypes about the concept and application of “rationality” in urban planning” and the doubts which have led to its denial through 1) clarifying more deeply the definition of the concept of rationality; 2) tracing its chronological and conceptual evolution; and 3) dissecting its influences upon the theories and approaches urban planning. The first two are exploratory- descriptive purposes and the third one is descriptive- analytical purpose of this article.
Methodology
To achieve the mentioned purposes of this article, the theoretical, experimental, and technical frameworks which are related to the concept of “rationality” has been examined. This article is based on a descriptive-explanatory research and the related text data has been analyzed by the “chronological analysis” method within “qualitative approach” to address the questions of “why”, “how”, “where” and “when”. Furthermore, in this article “thematic analysis method” is being used to trace the themes or repeating pattern in the data sets to describe the research question. By recognition of important and critical events in chronological continuum of the related concepts of the research, this article does not focus on dialectical relationship between knowledge. The methods used to collect and analysis the data within suggested process in the article are included: a) data collection and processing: the data used in this article are secondary data and the method of collecting this data is document review which consist of related data in valid and reliable books and articles; b) data analysis: there is a dual path to analysis the data in this article. In exploratory- descriptive path, it has been traced the theories, concepts and global experiments related to the concept of rationality in urban spatial strategic planning. The output of this path is recognition of the criteria of rationality and irrationality. In descriptive- analytical path, in order to address the third question of the research, this article tries to propose a framework to connect the urban planning approach to different types of rationality to upgrade the actions and interactions of planning.
Results and Discussion
The chronological evolution of rationality in planning and its effect on planning approach can be discussed within five periods: in the first period, rationality as a pure reason was seen in comprehensive planning. The focus of planning in this period was on “the best action” to achieve the goals set by the employers. It was assumed the needed resources for planning are unlimited and accessible and planners were a value – free technocrat. In the second period, rationality was still introduced as pure reason and the rational comprehensive planning focused on choosing “efficient action” to face the “planning problems”. The main assumption in this period was the existence of unlimited time and resources for problem finding. In the third period, the limitations of time and data resources in planning were been recognized by a planner. Two dominant approaches were identifiable in this period: a) the approaches based on “substantive rationality”: in these approaches, planner as savior tried to do “justly action” to address “plural values” in society. Therefore, while these approaches were concerned about the “ends” and being justly and fair, they were based on substantive rationality; and b) the approaches based on “formal or functional rationality”: the other planning approaches were interested in mutual consensus between the groups with opposite interest - without caring about the quality of the decisions made by these consensus. So, in these approaches the main actors of planning were interest group and not planners. Fourth period was the period of maturity of rationality concept in planning. In this period substantive and formal rationality were dominant concepts and the “communicating rationality” was introduced. The main purpose of the dominant approaches in this period was focusing on efficient, fair and justly and collective action to tolerate the less defeat and face the uncertainties. In the fifth period the communication rationality is the dominant in planning. The approaches based on this concept are concerned about interactions - not actions -. The main purpose of planning in this period is to achieve to not just a “consensus”, but a “consensus based on a mutual understanding”.
Conclusion
The output of this article was a conceptual model in order to show the typology of rationality and their evolution; tracing their influence on urban planning approaches; and explaining the necessity of this concept in strategic spatial planning. Finally the deterrent of using rationality in urban strategic spatial planning could be introduced as: first) the absence of a legal prescribed agenda for the institution which are engaged in urban planning process; second) the epistemological, eclecticism, and political gaps in urban planning and the absence of an agreed definition of strategic spatial planning based of rational thinking; and third) negligence in adaptation underlying economic and political traditions, epistemological foundations and theories and approaches use in planning action and practice.
Volume 23, Issue 4 (Winter 2019)
Abstract
Introduction
Urban studies have often investigated phenomena through quantitative approaches. They have just studied the urban phenomena solely, and their relationships with the subjects have been discounted. That is while urban, and its phenomena usually have different layers which cannot be understood only through quantitative approaches. Because, quantitative researchers who play the most prominent role in these studies, have not experienced and understood the phenomenon and their results are often restricted to their statistical and quantitative analysis. While the deep understanding of urban phenomena and their consequences is only possible through understanding the experiences of those who have experienced and understood those phenomena for many years. The philosophical and methodological literature of understanding these experiences which is called phenomenography and the way it can be used in urban studies are the aims of the current study.
Methodology
Thus, to understand the philosophical, epistemological and methodological principles of phenomenography library research and documentary analysis has been used and for the application of phenomenography in urban studies a field study has been conducted. To do this, at first, one of the segregated neighbourhoods (Razavieh) of Tehran as the capital of Iran has been selected, and then through a phenomenographic paradigm, it has been tried to understand how residents in that neighbourhood experience segregation and how segregation has affected their quality of life. Consequently, an unstructured interview has been done by 23 of residents through a snowballing and purposeful sampling. Interviews have been recorded, and then they have been typed and finally through the phenomenographic strategy which has got seven different steps, the manuscripts have been analysed.
Results and discussion
The documentary analysis’s results indicate that qualitative research methodology and phenomenography can be considered as an indispensable methodology in urban studies because phenomenography aims to explore and describe phenomena with an emphasis on individuals’ lived experiences. With regarding the fact that phenomenographer should make friend with interviewee he/she would be able to get the sheer feeling of residents about a specific phenomenon which can help experts avoid from skin-deep decision making and face them with the reality what is usually hindered from them through quantitative methodologies. It should be taken into account that a phenomenographer usually reflects individuals’ feelings and they usually try not to make interventions while they are analysing the manuscripts.
Results which have been gathered through field study indicate that consequences which are imagined for living in a segregated neighbourhood and are usually extracted from quantitative analysis, are far beyond that we may imagine. Segregation’s consequences affect individuals’ lives through managerial, economic, social, physical and functional dimensions. In case of functional consequences, results indicate that residents’ lives are accompanied by a feeling of inequality. In case of physical features, negative consequences could be considered in three main groups which are the neighbourhood's distance from city centre, the quality of neighbourhood's landscape and urban fabrics. Social negative consequences could be divided into four main categories which are related to the impacts that living in a segregated neighbourhood has on demographics, society, households, and Individuals. In case of economic, residents’ job opportunities are affected, and it usually leads to their inability for affording their lives. Moreover, managerial consequences usually increase the distance between residents and managers which corruption and the lack of sense of belonging to the neighbourhood and its people are among the most significant ones.
Conclusion
In general, it can be declared that reaching to a pure understanding of urban phenomena especially those which are more complex, needs investigating of residents’ lived experiences what has been considered less in recent studies not only in Iranian contexts but also in all over the world. Phenomenography which makes understanding individuals’ lives possible is one of the qualitative ways which here is suggested. It can be used for those phenomena which are complicated and are dealing with individuals. Since it studies the relationships between the phenomenon and individuals, it can provide sheer results of what is going on. It should be taken into consideration that phenomenography is different from phenomenology which is more famous among scholars. With regarding these features which were counted for phenomenography and with considering the fact that urban phenomena are thoroughly in contact with individuals; it can be understood that phenomenography could be really helpful because it considers the relationship between the phenomenon and the subject rather considering the phenomenon solely. Through using phenomenography for investigating the negative consequences of living in a segregated neighbourhood not only it has been revealed that consequences are way more than those which are extracted through quantitative analysis, but it has been understood that residents consider managerial and economic consequences as the main ones and they believe that these consequences give rise to other ones. Moreover, based on the lived experiences it has been revealed that social consequences of segregation are more profound than the rest.
Urban studies have often investigated phenomena through quantitative approaches. They have just studied the urban phenomena solely, and their relationships with the subjects have been discounted. That is while urban, and its phenomena usually have different layers which cannot be understood only through quantitative approaches. Because, quantitative researchers who play the most prominent role in these studies, have not experienced and understood the phenomenon and their results are often restricted to their statistical and quantitative analysis. While the deep understanding of urban phenomena and their consequences is only possible through understanding the experiences of those who have experienced and understood those phenomena for many years. The philosophical and methodological literature of understanding these experiences which is called phenomenography and the way it can be used in urban studies are the aims of the current study.
Methodology
Thus, to understand the philosophical, epistemological and methodological principles of phenomenography library research and documentary analysis has been used and for the application of phenomenography in urban studies a field study has been conducted. To do this, at first, one of the segregated neighbourhoods (Razavieh) of Tehran as the capital of Iran has been selected, and then through a phenomenographic paradigm, it has been tried to understand how residents in that neighbourhood experience segregation and how segregation has affected their quality of life. Consequently, an unstructured interview has been done by 23 of residents through a snowballing and purposeful sampling. Interviews have been recorded, and then they have been typed and finally through the phenomenographic strategy which has got seven different steps, the manuscripts have been analysed.
Results and discussion
The documentary analysis’s results indicate that qualitative research methodology and phenomenography can be considered as an indispensable methodology in urban studies because phenomenography aims to explore and describe phenomena with an emphasis on individuals’ lived experiences. With regarding the fact that phenomenographer should make friend with interviewee he/she would be able to get the sheer feeling of residents about a specific phenomenon which can help experts avoid from skin-deep decision making and face them with the reality what is usually hindered from them through quantitative methodologies. It should be taken into account that a phenomenographer usually reflects individuals’ feelings and they usually try not to make interventions while they are analysing the manuscripts.
Results which have been gathered through field study indicate that consequences which are imagined for living in a segregated neighbourhood and are usually extracted from quantitative analysis, are far beyond that we may imagine. Segregation’s consequences affect individuals’ lives through managerial, economic, social, physical and functional dimensions. In case of functional consequences, results indicate that residents’ lives are accompanied by a feeling of inequality. In case of physical features, negative consequences could be considered in three main groups which are the neighbourhood's distance from city centre, the quality of neighbourhood's landscape and urban fabrics. Social negative consequences could be divided into four main categories which are related to the impacts that living in a segregated neighbourhood has on demographics, society, households, and Individuals. In case of economic, residents’ job opportunities are affected, and it usually leads to their inability for affording their lives. Moreover, managerial consequences usually increase the distance between residents and managers which corruption and the lack of sense of belonging to the neighbourhood and its people are among the most significant ones.
Conclusion
In general, it can be declared that reaching to a pure understanding of urban phenomena especially those which are more complex, needs investigating of residents’ lived experiences what has been considered less in recent studies not only in Iranian contexts but also in all over the world. Phenomenography which makes understanding individuals’ lives possible is one of the qualitative ways which here is suggested. It can be used for those phenomena which are complicated and are dealing with individuals. Since it studies the relationships between the phenomenon and individuals, it can provide sheer results of what is going on. It should be taken into consideration that phenomenography is different from phenomenology which is more famous among scholars. With regarding these features which were counted for phenomenography and with considering the fact that urban phenomena are thoroughly in contact with individuals; it can be understood that phenomenography could be really helpful because it considers the relationship between the phenomenon and the subject rather considering the phenomenon solely. Through using phenomenography for investigating the negative consequences of living in a segregated neighbourhood not only it has been revealed that consequences are way more than those which are extracted through quantitative analysis, but it has been understood that residents consider managerial and economic consequences as the main ones and they believe that these consequences give rise to other ones. Moreover, based on the lived experiences it has been revealed that social consequences of segregation are more profound than the rest.
Volume 27, Issue 3 (Fall 2023)
Abstract
Considering the complex nature of mental images of the future construction and spatial reconstruction of cities and metropolitan areas as well as existing complexities, it is particularly important to avoid a positivist and single-layer view of urban-regional studies. This study considers perspective building in urban and regional planning and the creation of alternative futures as a requirement for an intelligent and modified choice of future research methods. Causal layered analysis, introduced under a critical paradigm, is one of the most important future research methods. This method, like many others, is associated with gaps and limitations and needs to be adjusted. This research seeks to critically analyze this method and accordingly, the number of layers of this method should be reduced to 3 in accordance with criticisms and covering the critical paradigm dimensions. The approach of the first layer should be changed from scientific-experimental to an interpretive one with a critical attitude. And, the second layer's approach to post-exploration, which is aimed at identifying the obvious and hidden mechanisms, and finally deconstructing and criticizing the functional basis of the third layer. Then, according to the changes of each of the layers and the direction of applying the model in urban and regional planning, a set of qualitative methods is mentioned and an analytical device of the political economy of space is used to mount this model.
Volume 28, Issue 3 (autumn 2024)
Abstract
The phenomenon of urban shrinkage, recognized as a pervasive global challenge, induces significant alterations in demographic patterns. The primary indicator of urban shrinkage manifests as a decline in the urban population, which is influenced by a myriad of economic, social, environmental, and political factors and catalysts. Shrinkage can transpire at various scales, encompassing national, regional, urban, and rural dimensions, and its implications profoundly affect both the tangible and intangible frameworks of the settlement in question. Presently, in light of the economic and demographic dilemmas confronting Iran, the mitigation of the population growth rate has emerged as a salient concern. Nonetheless, the decline in population is markedly more pronounced in certain locales; such that the population growth rate progressively trends negative, resulting in a diminished capacity of those areas to retain existing residents and attract prospective migrants. Empirical research indicates that Bostan-Abad city has consistently experienced population decline and contraction during the years 1375 to 1395. The current study employed a quantitative approach, analyzing statistical data and land use modifications within the city over these years through the utilization of object-oriented processing techniques. Subsequently, the interrelations among the examined variables were assessed employing the random forest machine learning algorithm. According to the research findings, the contraction of Bostanabad city is intricately linked to rural depopulation, with its rural populace consistently diminishing. This predicament, correlated with an uptick in out-migration from the city and an aging demographic, has precipitated a decline in agricultural activity within the city; if unchecked, it poses the risk of inflicting more severe detriments upon this urban area.
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