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  This study shows the integration of e-commerce and advanced algorithm-based learning to establish a sustainable economic system and foster cultural education. The research also investigates the impact of rural aging on the utilization of several different land types, including arable land, forest land, and transportation land. The incorporation of e-commerce platforms offers advantages such as resource consumption reduction and efficient supply chain management, enabling broader market access and sustainable production and consumption. However, challenges related to data privacy, algorithm bias, and the digital divide need to be addressed for inclusive access. An artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed to analyze the impact of resource consumption and cultural exploration on market access, ethical practices, and data privacy. The ANN predictions showed that cultural exploration is most prominent with restricted market access, while data privacy is inversely related to ethical practices and market access. Regardless of consumption levels, resource consumption leads to increased data privacy. The study also found that rural aging has a significant negative impact on urban, industrial, and transportation land, but no significant impact on arable, forest, and garden land. The impact varies between towns and townships, with rural aging reducing urban and industrial land in towns but promoting the expansion of forest and grassland in townships. The results show the promising avenues for sustainable economic development and cultural education through the integration of e-commerce and advanced algorithm-based learning, while emphasizing the need to address key challenges and the implications of rural aging on land use for sustainable development.

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Indopalpares pardus (Rambur, 1842), Palpares contrarius (Walker, 1853), and Stenares harpyia (Gerstaecker, 1863) are the species of the tribe Palparini which are recorded for the first time from the Kerala part of Western Ghats. All three taxa are redescribed and the genitalia features of P. contrarius, and S. harpyia are illustrated for the first time based on the freshly collected specimens. Lectotype and paralectotype specimens of S. harpyia are designated. The key to the genera of the tribe Palparini from India and the distribution of three species in India are also mapped. Moreover, their flight period in India is plotted.

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This study reports nine species of Nomiinae bees (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) for the first time from Kerala, India: Austronomia capitata (Smith, 1875), A. goniognatha (Cockerell, 1919), A. ustula (Cockerell, 1911), Gnathonomia argenteobalteata (Cameron, 1902), Hoplonomia incerta (Gribodo, 1894), Lipotriches torrida (Smith, 1879), L. exagens (Walker, 1860), Lipotriches minutula (Friese, 1909), and L. pulchriventris (Cameron, 1897). Lipotriches torrida, a rarely collected species, is documented outside its type locality for the first time. Another uncommon species, G. argenteobalteata, last recorded in 1902 from an unspecified location in India, has been rediscovered in the present study. A comprehensive checklist of 42 Nomiinae species from Kerala is provided, incorporating new distributional records and floral associations based on original records and literature review. Brief diagnoses for all collected species are also presented.

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A numerical model for two-phase debris flows is developed in this paper, on the basis of understanding of the physical characteristics of debris flows from field investigations and experiments. Employing a moving coordinate, the kinetic energy equation of gravel particles in unit volume in debris flow is developed by considering the potential energy of the particles, energy from the liquid phase, energy consumption due to inner friction-collision between the particles, energy dispersion through collisions between particles, energy for inertia force, energy consumption due to the friction with the rough bed and energy consumption at the debris front. The model is compared with measured results of two-phase debris flow experiments and the calculated velocity profiles agree well with the measured profiles. The gravel’s velocity at the debris flow head is much smaller than that of particles in the following part and the velocity profile at the front of the debris flow wave is almost linear, but the profile in the main flow shows an inverse ‘s’ shape. This is because the gravel particles in the main flow accelerate as they receive energy from the gravitational energy and flowing liquid and decelerate as they transmit the energy to the debris flow head and consume energy due to collision with the channel bed.

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Feminism and feministic critique of works of literature are the new topics in literature in the last century that has been highly regarded by writers and literary scholars. In contemporary Persian and Arabic literature, especially after the second half of the twentieth century, the growth of feminist approach to literature and poetry and prosing works of women-centered has been remarkable. Nawal El Saadawi and Shahrnoush Parsipour were feminist writers that protest a patriarchal system of social customs in their novels and look at the world with women mentality. Thus, due to the influence of feminist thinking and the current situation of women in novels of Saadawi and Parsipour, with an emphasis on descriptive - analytical and comparative approach, this article attempts to analyze the novels of "Diary of a doctor" and "The Dog and the Long Winter" based on feminist criticism. The findings suggest that the authors pay particular attention to factors such as protest against a patriarchal society, expression of oppression against women and women's identity an also have been trying to figure out individuality. In the field of differences, gender apartheid and hatred love and emotions of women in society are among feminist clear differences between the novels.

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A field survey of the bee fauna was conducted in the north of Iran during 2009 to 2015. Special concern was given to the tribe Ceratinini (Hymenoptera; Apidae). Ten species of the genus Ceratina were collected and identified in the present study. Three species are recorded for the first time from Iran, including Ceratina (Euceratina) chrysomalla Gerstaecker 1869, Ceratina (Euceratina) cyanea (Kirby, 1802) and Ceratina (Euceratina) gravidula Gerstaecker, 1869. An updated checklist of Iranian Ceratinini with short description and figures of newly recorded species are provided. The host plants and distribution of each species are also given.

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A checklist of the bees of the genus Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 of Iran, based on the literature data and also field surveys in northeastern Iran (North Khorasan and Khorasan-e Razavi provinces) is presented. The resulting checklist comprises nine subgenera and 63 species. Four species of the genus Hylaeus, including H. (Lambdopsis) rinki (Gorski, 1852), H. (Spatulariella) hyalinatus Smith, 1842, H. (Spatulariella) punctatus (Brullé, 1832) and H. (Prosopis) lionotus (Alfken, 1909), are newly recorded for the fauna of Iran. The later species is considered as ″ very rare″ , has only known in Kazakhstan. A re-description of the male of H. (Prosopis) lionotus together with the illustrations of morphological characters is given.

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Aims: Experience in many wars and armed conflicts have shown that the security forces team should be monolithic to achieve the desired result. Gender dissonance is a factor that negatively affects the ability of the officer team to fulfill its assigned tasks. The purpose of the study lies in highlighting important gender issues in the education of cadets, namely female cadets of Ukrainian security forces universities, which were identified during their expert survey.
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 2021 at the Central Research Institute of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. This research was conducted in a survey among third- and fourth-year female cadets between 19 and 22. A total of 100 future officers participated.
Findings: The study identified the following problems in the gender education of female cadets: relatively high levels of material motivation when enrolling in a security forces university, insufficient level of psychological readiness for service in combat units, low aspirations for career advancement, and unsuitable living environment.
Conclusion: The gender policy pursued by the state through the relevant governing bodies significantly lags behind the realities that spontaneously materialize, especially within the officer teams. When the need for certain changes has already become formalized among officials in the security forces, the reality is at a different level of development. The authors consider it appropriate to carry out further comprehensive scientific research work, which should reflect the social, psychological, legal, economic, and cultural aspects of the gender equality problem.

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Background: Non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria (NFGNB) pose a threat to the healthcare system. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the species diversity of this group isolated from the wound.
Materials & Methods: For species identification during the research period, the MALDI-TOF method of mass spectrometry using the Microflex LT mass spectrometer was applied. As a result, from 2018 to 2022, 7610 microbiological studies were conducted, no microflora growth was detected in 2039 cultures, 1797 strains were isolated and identified in 1523 cultures.
Findings: 261 cultures were found in monospecies; 34 cultures were represented by two or more strains of NFGNB; in 189 cultures, two or more genera of NFGNB were found together with another microflora; in 1039 cultures there was only one NFGNB representative as a part of a mixed culture containing another microflora. The following genera of NFGNB were most common (number of strains): Acinetobacter spp. (1002), Pseudomonas spp. (699), Stenotrophomonas spp. (52), Alcaligenes spp.  (27), Achromobacter spp. (13), Burkholderia spp. (4). Within 5 years, an increase in the share of Acinetobacter spp. by 6.01% was noted; the share of Pseudomonas spp. decreased by 8.39%.
Conclusion: Many rare species have been found, so it is obligatory to ascertain whether penetration into the wound was an accident or the consequence of acquiring new pathogenic properties previously not typical for these microorganisms. No microflora growth was detected in more than 26% of cultures, which requires measures to improve the efficiency of microbiological diagnostics.

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A new species of cicada, Platylomia jini Wang sp. nov. (Hemiptera, Cicadidae, Cicadinae) is described from Yunnan, China. Illustrations of the habitus and diagnostic characters of the new species are presented. It most resembles P. shaanxiensis Wang & Wei, 2014 from Shaanxi, China. Diagnostic characters of the two species are compared in detail. Platylomia insignis Distant, 1912 and P. operculata Distant, 1913 are commented on their distributions in China, and P. strongata Lei, 1997 is proposed as an unavailable name and a nomen nudum. In addition, an updated list of all 23 known species of the genus Platylomia are presented.

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Iranians and Palestinians in contact with modernity in the twentieth century had almost a similar condition. On the one hand, they were the heirs of ancient and complex traditions, like patriarchy. On the other hand, these countries faced the raging currents of modernity that devour everything. They also encountered colonization as well, leading to exploitation of their lands in different forms. Tradition (especially patriarchy), Modernity and colonization are three main themes of Symphony of dead by Iranian Abas Marofi and Wild thorns by Palestinian Sahar khalife. The comparative reading of these two novels displays Iranians' and Palestinians' similar historical experiences in their encounter with modernity, unveils the essence of exploitation and hegemonic systems, and finally exposes the strengths and weaknesses of modernity and tradition. As a result, the current study seeks to analyze the representations of colonizing and systems in two novels and illuminate its bonds with traditional society (family, intellectuals and business class). The findings of the present study indicate that both novels portray the tradition of patriarchy is in harmony and line with the tyranny of despots and the exploitation of the colonizers. The novelists, moreover, assume that capitalism is the continuation of colonization. They similarly pointed to the identical experiences of exploitation of colonization and capitalism in the Middle East. In these two novels, the protagonist is a young poet who resists colonization and coercion, albeit with the assistance of other characters, especially women.
 

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One of the main distinctions between geomaterials and other engineering materials is the spatial variation of their properties in different directions inside them. This characteristic of geomaterials (so- called as heterogeneity) is studied herewith. Almost all natural soils are highly variable in their properties and rarely homogeneous. Soil heterogeneity can be classified into two main categories. The first is lithological heterogeneity, which can be manifested in the form of thin soft/stiff layers embedded in a stiffer/softer media or the inclusion of pockets of different lithology within a more uniform soil mass. The second source of heterogeneity can be attributed to inherent spatial soil variability, which is the variation of soil properties from one point to another in space due to different deposition conditions and different loading histories. Inherent spatial variability of geomaterials is itself devided into the random component, which is attributed to different depositioaln conditions, and the deterministic trends, which are attributed to the variation in soil properties, such as increase in soil strength with depth due to increase in confining pressure. Different elements of soil inherent spatial variability such as mean, variance, and spatial correlation characteristics were introduced with the main focus on the importance of spatial correlation distane and the way to handle it. Several spatial distributions introduced to describe the probabilistic variation of geotechnical properties of soils. Among all, absolute normal distribution was adopted as appropriate distribution, which best presents these properties in horizontal direction. Variation of geotechnical parameters in vertical direction is, however, conceived to follow a deterministic trend. Using random field theory, local average subdivisions (LAS) formulation and MATLAB Mathworks, virtual data with different correlations was produced, and by employing autocorrelation function, a trend for this function was invoked for different predetermined values of the scale of fluctuations. It was found that autocorrelation function has a deterministic trend as far as the scale of fluctuation has not been exceeded. It is clearly concluded that, for distances farther than the specific scale of fluctuation, the behavior is chaotic and this can be an index to calculate the scale of fluctuation of the experimental data.

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Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a health education program on empowering mothers to prevent home accidents among rural children under five years old in Ilam County.
Materials & Methods: This research was a randomized controlled trial involving 88 mothers with children under five years old attending healthcare houses in Ilam County in 2022-2023 who were randomly assigned to the intervention and control groups. A one-month online educational intervention was implemented for the intervention group using the WhatsApp application, while the control group received no education. Data were collected using a questionnaire assessing the constructs of the health belief model regarding home accidents in children, completed online by the participants at baseline and three months later. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software, employing an independent sample t-test and paired sample t-test.
Findings: No significant difference was found between the two groups in the mean scores of the health belief model constructs regarding preventing home accidents in the pre-test phase (p>0.05). The results of the independent sample t-test showed a significant increase in the mean scores of health belief model constructs in the intervention group compared to the control group after a three-month follow-up (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Designing interventions based on the health belief model effectively empowers mothers to prevent accidents in rural children under five years old.
 

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Aims: Osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases among women, and dietary patterns, especially during adolescence, significantly impact its occurrence and prevention. The present study examined the determinants of osteoporosis in female students at the first secondary school level in Ilam City based on the health belief model.
Instrument & Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 819 participants selected by a two-stage cluster random sampling approach. Data were collected using a 52-item researcher-developed questionnaire based on the health belief model and analyzed using descriptive tests, Pearson’s correlation, multiple linear regression, one-way analysis of variance, and Chi-square test by SPSS 22 software.
Findings: The average age of participants was 13.72±0.97 years, with an age range of 12 to 16 years. Also, 22.2% of participants had a family history of osteoporosis. Additionally, 29.2% and 22.6% of the participants reported a history of calcium and vitamin D supplement intake in the last month, respectively. The health belief model constructs accounted for a total of 18.9% of the variance in behavior. Perceived barriers and perceived self-efficacy were identified as the most important predictors of behavior, while other constructs were not significant predictors despite showing significant correlations with behavior.
Conclusion: The constructs of self-efficacy and perceived barriers directly affected nutritional behavior preventing osteoporosis among teenage girls in Ilam City, while another construct had an indirect effect.
 

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Empirical studies examining the effects of language learning have largely focused on linguistic changes in learners. Regrettably, this has left the non-linguistic changes under-researched. To address this, the current study examined what self-identity changes Chinese university EFL learners experienced and how individual characteristics (i.e., gender, starting age of study, and university major) may have affected these changes. To do so, a self-identity change questionnaire was administered online to 416 Chinese university students using a convenience sampling strategy. Seven identity change variables were measured by the survey: changes in (1) positive self-confidence, (2) negative self-confidence, (3) productive identity change, (4) additive identity change, (5) zero change, (6) subtractive change, and (7) split change. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the items on the questionnaire measured their intended identity change variable. Descriptive statistics showed that participants experienced changes in self-confidence, additive identity, and productive identity, but did not experience subtractive or split change. The results also showed that the participants were unaware that they had experienced any changes. Multiple analysis of variance results showed that the individual characteristics contributed to some variation in the identity changes. The findings support theories suggesting that language learning contributes to non-linguistic changes within learners.  

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To investigate the effects of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) on the growth, yield and quality of ‘Yali’ pears, field experiments for C (fully watered control), EW [early withholding of irrigation, water stress from pullulation to 25 days after flower bloom (DAFB)], MW (mid-growth withholding of irrigation, water stress from 25 DAFB to 80 DAFB), and LW (late withholding of irrigation, water stress from 120 DAFB to 150 DAFB) were conducted in Handan county, North China, during the 2007 and 2008 seasons. The results showed that leaf relative water content (LRWC) was dramatically reduced during water stress. Water stress reduced shoot growth by 9.6%-18.8%, and the need for summer pruning was marginally decreased. No significant difference was seen in mean fresh fruit weight or yield at harvest for the EW, LW and C treatments. Water consumption during RDI was significantly less than the C treatment. Withholding of irrigation at LW not only led to increases in fruit TSS (total soluble solids), soluble sugars and dry matter content but also resulted in an increase in water use efficiency (WUE). Withholding of irrigation at LW and EW can be used in pear production to save irrigation water without adverse effects on the quality of fruits. RDI is a beneficial agricultural practice for the production of pear fruits if it is adopted one month before harvest, and from pullulation to 25 DAFB.

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Impressive speculation has been made to carry technology to schools and these ventures have for sure brought about a large number of “examples of overcoming adversity”. Nonetheless, there is one critical gap in the instructive purposes of technology that should be addressed. Research shows that although most teachers and students tend to use these tools in teaching language skills, they refuse to do so for fear of using technology tools in the classroom; therefore, to shed light on different aspects of this critical point, the present study reviewed the possible relationship between technology use and students’ fear and anxiety in the literature. The findings of this study showed that teachers and students who have a high level of computer knowledge are less afraid of technology. The findings also showed that another factor of the language learners’ reluctance of using technology is their teachers’ beliefs about the effectiveness of these tools. The results of the present study provide suggestions for training language teachers to educational planners about a more efficient process of language teaching due to the new needs in the use of technology in English language teaching. A significant implication, thusly, is that the training and preparation of teachers and directors ought to turn into a need in creating technology-related proficient turn of events.
 

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Agronomic and physiological traits and protein expression were compared between non-Bt glandless upland cotton variety-Zhong5629 and its Bt-transgenic near-isogenic lines differing in cryIAc gene. Results showed that the Bt isogenic line had higher plant height and rate of effective bolls, more internal bolls but lower yield, than the non-Bt line. The Bt isogenic line had lower chlorophyll content and transpiration rate relative to the non-Bt line, but had higher Chl a/b, F0 and Fm. Soluble protein content in the Bt isogenic line was significantly higher at boll setting stage (BSS) but lower at initial flowering stage (IFS) compared with the non-Bt line. The Bt isogenic line had significantly higher concentrations of Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe at IFS, and P and Cu at BSS, whereas it had lower in concentrations of P, K and B at IFS, and K, S, Zn and Fe at BSS. The Bt-isogenic line exhibited less malondialdehyde content at BSS and lower superoxide dismutase activity at IFS and BSS. Furthermore, proteomic analysis of the two NILs detected 20 differentially expressed proteins. The 4 up- regulated proteins in Bt vs non-Bt-isogenic line were attributed to signal transduction, photosynthetic carbon assimilation and defense response, whereas the 16 down- regulated proteins were attributed to signal transduction and protein metabolism.

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Regarding to the necessity of vegetable consumption, it is necessary to examine the extent to which the nutrient content of vegetables changes during different processes. In this study the effect of various procedures; washing, blanching and six-month storage was evaluated on total phenolic, vitamin C, ash and mineral content and antioxidant activity. Two methods using boiled water or steam for blanching and domestic and semi-industrial for freezing were applied. The results showed that washing did not have any significant effect on vitamin C and total phenolic content, antioxidant activity and firmness in pepper while blanching caused a considerable reduction in these parameters as vitamin C reduced from 1498.6 in fresh pepper to 1025.4 in the samples blanched by boiled water and 392.2 mg/ 100 g db in pepper blanched by steam. Antioxidant activity also reduced from 70.5% in fresh pepper to 58.6% and 57.1% in the samples blanched by boiled water and steam, respectively. The findings revealed that washing and the type of freezing did not have any significant effect on amount of vitamin C, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and stiffness whereas blanching showed a significant effect.

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The integration of technologies and social media into second/foreign language education has recently gained momentum in different contexts. Given their nature, social media have been empirically identified to improve different aspects of L2 teaching and learning. However, their facilitative role in enhancing EFL/ESL students’ language skills and academic engagement has been limitedly explored. To fill this lacuna, the present study intended to provide a theoretical analysis on the utility and power of injecting technologies and social media into L2 classes and improve students’ language skills and academic engagement. In so doing, the conceptualizations, definitions, dimensions, and empirical studies that provide evidence for the interplay of these constructs are presented. Moreover, a variety of implications are enumerated for EFL/ESL teachers, learners, teacher trainers, language policy-makers, curriculum designers, and scholars in L2 education, who can recognize the facilitative role of social media in English language teaching learning.