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Rosy apple aphid, Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini), with worldwide distribution is an important pest of apple orchards. Host plant resistance is an essential component of integrated management of this insect pest. We investigated the resistance of seven apple cultivars, Malus domestica (Borkhausen), namely Granny Smith, Starkrimson, Golden Smoothee, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, Boshghabi, and Shaki to rosy apple aphid under field and greenhouse conditions. The damage level by rosy apple aphid was significantly different among the tested cultivars precisely three weeks after infestation in both field and greenhouse conditions. The least leaf curling was observed on Shaki, while the most deformation was detected on Golden Delicious. There was positive correlation between damage in greenhouse and field studies. In addition, the lowest and highest numbers of aphids were observed on Shaki and Golden Delicious, respectively. Consequently, our results demonstrated that among the cultivars tested the Shaki cultivar is moderately resistant to rosy apple aphid and has the potential to be used in the integrated management of this aphid.  

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Present paper is a theoretical research in the field of semantics based on componential analysis of meaning with a diachronic approach. Lexical forms and semantic roles of “ba” have been cited and analyzed from historical sources and books of grammar and also from Sokhan Persian dictionary to be analyzed diachronically within the frame work of structural semantics.
One of the problems investigated in this research is proving polysemy of “ba” with regard to diachronic and synchronic semantic clues. The other investigated problem is justification of the mentioned preposition’s grammaticalization on the basis of its polysemy. The preposition “ba” is the remainder of upāka- from old Persian. upāka- has meant “near, beside” in Sanskrit and has had the semantic component [accompany]. In middle Persian this word has turned into abāg which had prepositional function and with addition of a suffix it had become a noun; abāgīh meant “accompaniment”. Through suffixation it also became verb, meant “to accompany”. In this article polysemy of “ba” has been studied based on its main meaning found via historical view over its semantic behavior and conceptual transmission model.
Questions which the authors have intended to answer are: 1. What was the primary meaning of “ba”? 2.  How and in how many steps has this word been grammaticalized? 3. Which meanings of this word have been derived from its primary meaning? and 4. Which semantic component relates different meanings of “ba” together?  
Investigations have showed in the process of Persian change, this preposition has passed through two processes of grammaticalization: first, a noun has become a preposition with the meaning of “accompaniment” and second, in the next step it has found other semantic functions; namely “source” and other related meanings. So, in the first step, the preposition has undergone primary grammaticalization and in the next step it has undergone secondary grammaticalization. The authors have recognized sixteen meanings for “ba” and have put these meanings into two groups. The first group contain meanings derived from “accompaniment” which show “person” conceptualization on Heine’s scalar about categorization metaphors. The second group of meanings are those which are the result of secondary grammaticalization of “ba” which are help, instrument, substance, manner, agency, comparison, opposition, and exchange. These show “thing”, “activity” and “process” conceptualized metaphors on Heine’s scalar have been made by Persian speakers.
 

 

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Aims: The World Health Organization recommends preventive behaviors despite the approval of several vaccines to control COVID-19. Mass media and digital technologies also play an important role in addressing public health issues. This study aimed to investigate the protection motivation theory constructs by COVID-related information channels on protective behaviors against COVID-19 in southwestern Iran.
Instrument & Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study from July to August 2021, 255 patients referred to urban health centers were included by simple random sampling. Data were analyzed by SPSS 24 software using correlation and regression tests.
Findings: 32.2% of the participants received COVID-19 information through radio, TV, and satellite, and 30.6% through WhatsApp and Telegram social networks. Awareness predicted 11% of protective behavior (p<0.001; R=0.118; β=0.343). Protective motivation (behavioral intention) predicted 49.5% of behavior (p<0.001; R=0.495; R²=0.487).
Conclusion: Using protection motivation theory by information channels facilitates preventive behavior against COVID-19.
 

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Aims: Gestational diabetes is a medical complication. This study was conducted to investigate the role of HAPA in predicting diabetes control behavior and eating style in diabetic pregnant mothers referred to the healthcare centers of Abadan University of Medical Sciences (South of Iran).
Instrument & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done on 82 subjects selected by simple random sampling in 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS 25 software.
Findings: We found that 41.5% of mothers were in the age group of 21-30 years. Also, 43.9% were at the middle economic level. Among demographic variables, income was the strongest predictor of nutritional behavior (p=0.01, r=19.9, and β=-0.299). None of the model constructs alone predicted nutritional behavior in pregnant women. The HAPA model was able to predict 21% of the variance of the nutritional behavior among the subjects (p<0.001, r=0.210, and β=0.458).
Conclusion: Behavioral intention and action planning are effective in educating pregnant women to prevent and control diabetes.
 

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An efficient reduced-order modeling (ROM) approach to predict unsteady behavior of partial cavity flows is proposed. The unsteady potential flow along with the cavity effects is analyzed using the boundary element method (BEM). Partial cavity flow is modeled based on the partially non-linear model without re-gridding with some modification. Proposed reduced-order model (PROM) is based on the fluid eigenmodes. The spatial iterative scheme that is usually used to determine the cavity extent is efficiently removed in order to construct the flow eigensystem. Eigenanalysis and reduced-order modeling of unsteady flows over a NACA 16-006 section are performed using the proposed reduced-order modeling approach. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. Comparison between the obtained results of the proposed method and those of conventional ones indicates that the present algorithm works well with sufficient accuracy. Finally, it is shown that the proposed method is computationally more efficient than the conventional one for unsteady sheet cavitation analysis on hydrofoils.

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This study pursued the molecular identification of fish species from processed products for human consumption which, a priori, belonged to nine species. DNA barcoding using direct sequencing of about 650 bp of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) revealed incorrect labeling in the three Alaska Pollack samples (11% of all samples). Substitution of fish species constitutes serious economic fraud, and our results increase concern regarding the trading of processed fish products in Iran from both health and conservation points of view.

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In this paper simulation of steady super cavitation phenomenon اhas been considered by using partial non-linear model of Boundary Element Method(BEM).The grid mesh used is fixed and the strength of dipole and source are constant on each element. With the assumption of a partial non-linear model the cavity condition is applied on the body with the assumption that cavity height is low. Thus there is not any calculation on the cavity surface, but it is restricted to only the panels on the body surface. Cavitation number is known at first and the cavity length is determined in every iteration. When the lengths obtained in two successive iterations are very close to each other it assumed to be the answer. Based on this method two Kutta conditions including Morino condition and Iterative Pressure Kutta Condition(IPKC) are studied to satisfy the wake surface condition. The application is a wing with NACA16006 section. Iterative pressure Kutta condition compared to Morino condition needs higher computational costs, but on the other hand leads to more accurate results. It has been shown that the simulation of the flow with super cavitation over wing leads to a pressure difference at the trailing edge of each strip if we use Morino’s Kutta condition. While if Iterative Pressure Kutta Condition is usedthe results are satisfactory. Comparing the results show that this method leads to very accurate predictions for the behavior of flows with cavitation, while significantly lower computational cost is required if we use the simple cavity closure condition.