---

One element of the creation of meaning in fiction is the place element. In order for the author to be able to use the element of place as an important tool to construct and reinforce the intended meaning, he reduces the reference and objective meaning of place. Abstract places can be important in some literary genres due to their imaginative and transcendental nature. This article seeks to examine the types of places depicted in the Malakout novel by Bahram Sadeghi in a descriptive-analytical way and with a semiotic-semantic approach. Then, while classifying these places, we will try to answer this question that how much the place element has served to induce the author's intended meanings. The results of this research show that Bahram Sadeghi in his novel has recreated the myth of creation in a creative way and implicitly represents the desperate atmosphere of society in the post-coup period of 28 August 1332 in the mentioned myth. To achieve this goal, he paid special attention to the element of place and Therefore, by using scary and imaginary spaces and by using all kinds of narrative, phenomenal, spiral and transcendental places, it has portrayed the failure, despair and hopelessness of the society.

---

Classroom discourse refers to the language and interaction used by the teacher and the students to communicate and shape learning in the educational context. The present study focused on Iranian EFL teachers’ classroom discourse by observing their dominancy, teacher talk, question types, and interactions in their classes. To do so, through a non-experimental, descriptive research design, 20 female experienced teachers with the age range of 30-40, teaching at an upper-intermediate level in different language institutes in Isfahan, Iran were selected based on the convenience sampling. Two classes of the teachers were observed, the sessions were recorded, and their classroom discourses were transcribed and later analyzed. Moreover, to increase the validity and reliability of the research, a semi-structured interview was conducted with volunteer participants; their reflections on their communication with the learners and discourse types were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics in terms of frequency and percentages. The findings of the study showed that the teachers made use of specific discourse to ascertain their dominance and control in their classes. The findings also revealed that the teachers used more monologic discourse patterns in their classes rather than dialogic ones. Teacher talk far exceeded student talk, Initiation-Response-Feedback pattern dominated the classroom discourse; and display questions were used more frequently than referential ones. These findings could benefit teachers to be more conscious about type of CD and its effect on student-to-student and teacher-to-student interactions. It could also serve the purpose of critical classroom discourse analysis

---

In this paper a mathematical model of pulsatile, unsteady and non-Newtonian blood flow through elastic tapered artery with overlapping stenosis is proposed. The blood flow has been assumed to be non-Linear, fully developed, laminar, axisymmetric, two-dimensional. The non-Newtonian model chosen is characterized by Sisko model for discribe the rheology of blood. The artery has been assumed to be elastic and time-dependent stenosis is considered. Due to the blood flow depends on the pumping action of the heart, the blood flow has been assumed pulsate. The stenosed artery change in to a rectangular and rigid artery, using a radial coordinate transformation on the continuity and the nonlinear momentum equations and boundary conditions. The discretization of the continuity and the non-linear momentum equations and boundary conditions are obtained by finite difference scheme. The radial and axial velocity profiles are obtained and the blood flow characteristics such a resistive impedances and volumetric flow rate and the severity of the stenosis are discussed. The volumetric flow rate is minimum in the case of converging tapered arteries and the resistive impedances is maximum in the case of converging tapered arteries by effect of tapering angle.

---

Mikhail Bakhtin considered popular literature to be the most suitable field for the emergence of carnival thinking. The distinctive feature of this thought is the disruption of the dominant discourse on traditional literature through the transformation of language and values in literary works. This article tries to analyze Iranian folk tales from this point of view. For this purpose, seven collections of Iranian folk tales have been analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way. The prominent features of carnival literature, such as freely raising issues related to the material life of human life Like eating, drinking, birth, marriage, and finally death as a natural process of life - and not a tragic and catastrophic thing - are important elements of carnival and grotesque thinking, which are discussed in this essay. The result of this research shows how different personality types are in conflict with each other in the stories, and with the transformation of superior and inferior levels, the discourse of dominance collapses. In these narrations, by breaking the norms of power in the society, the possibility of multi-voices is provided in the stories, which is one of the distinct characteristics of carnival literature. Also, the use of free language, without moral restrictions, which includes unusual words, profanity, and unusual words, helps to create a humorous atmosphere of the carnival.