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The aim of the present study was to examine whether Metacognitive Intervention (MI) in their first language (L1) had any significant effect on English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ Working Memory (WM) in listening comprehension when they received it. In addition, it measured whether gender had any effect on EFL learners’ listening comprehension when they receive MI through L1. To this end, 60 Iranian EFL learners were selected through a Quick Placement Test and were assigned into two male and female experimental groups. These experimental groups received an eight-week intervention program, designed by the pedagogical cycle proposed by Goh and Vandergrift (2022). After the metacognitive intervention in L1, two posttests including a working memory capacity test and a listening comprehension test were administered. The findings indicated that there was a significant effect on EFL learners’ working memory in listening comprehension after they received MI in L1. It was also found that gender had a significant effect on the EFL learners’ working memory and listening comprehension when they receive MI in L1. The findings might contribute to assisting language instructors to adopt strategy-based approaches to teaching listening. Furthermore, curriculum designers and ELT policymakers might consider metacognitive intervention as an effective teaching approach and add it to EFL learners’ curriculum.

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Explaining the nature of metaphor and its role in language has always been a controversial topic in the fields of linguistics, philosophy of language, rhetoric, and so forth. In metaphor analysis, these fields often converge in an inseparable manner. Donald Davidson, a 20th-century philosopher, is one of the influential theorists in the Philosophy of Language and the Theory of Meaning. His views on the essence and role of metaphor in language bear significant similarities to the ideas of  al-Jurjani, a prominent 5th-century Hijri literary scholar. This research aims, through a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative approach, to examine the intersection points of Davidson’s and al-Jurjani’s theories, with one addressing metaphor from a philosophical and linguistic perspective and the other from a rhetorical standpoint. For this purpose, Davidson’s essay "What Metaphors Mean?" is used as the basis for reviewing his theories on metaphor. Al-Jurjani’s views are analyzed with a focus on "Dala'il al-I'jaz." This study yields results in three areas. The first, identifies similar aspects in the two theories, indicating that both theorists reject the idea of metaphor being merely a shortened simile. They also critique the notion of "metaphorical meaning," emphasizing that the meaning of a metaphor cannot be reproduced in any form other than the metaphorical one itself. The second area involves finding complementary aspects in the two theories, considering Davidson's philosophical stance and al-Jurjani's rhetorical position. The third area elaborates on the connection between al-Jurjani's direct views on metaphor and the ideas indirectly inferred from theory of Construction.

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In this study, several data-driven techniques including system identification, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), artificial neural network (ANN) and wavelet-artificial neural network (Wavelet-ANN) models were applied to model rainfall-runoff (RR) relationship. For this purpose, the daily stream flow time series of hydrometric station of Hajighoshan on Gorgan River and the daily rainfall time series belonging to five meteorological stations (Houtan, Maravehtapeh, Tamar, Cheshmehkhan and Tangrah climatologic stations) were used for period of 1983-2007. Root mean square error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r) statistics were employed to evaluate the performance of the ANN, ANFIS, ARX and ARMAX models for rainfall-runoff modeling. The results showed that ANFIS models outperformed the system identification, ANN and Wavelet-ANN models. ANFIS model in which preprocessed data using fuzzy interface system was used as input for ANN which could cope with non-linear nature of time series and performed better than others.

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‘Love’, which has been so generously bestowed by God upon the inner and outer worlds of human beings is a fundamental and pivotal issue; since it has its roots in the nature of man and the essence of life, and attracts them subconsciously. Pluto (270 AD, p.203 or 204) and Molana (604- 672 Lunar) are among those thinkers, who have talked about and artistically elaborated on love and its related concepts. Influenced by the different thinking atmospheres of their time, their incompatible civilizations as well as other variables of their time that have differently affected them, the two high-minded elites, who had greatly affected the thinking of other thinkers educated by them, were led to view love differently. The examination of the reflections of Neo-platonic thinking in the literary and theosophical texts including Molana Jalal-o-Din Balkhi’s Masnavi is important in many ways, and the important phenomenon of love is a profound and mysterious concept that, in a way, connects Plato’s theosophy with that of Molavi. Certain concepts in the reviewed works of these prominent characters, which have sometimes been taken as identical and influenced by each other, do seem different in some cases.  Despite a huge time gap –almost a millennium- between the writing time of “a collection of Pluto’s woks” and Molana’s Masnavi”, this paper aims to compare and contrast the concept of love in these two works through the library method of research using descriptive, inferential and analytic approaches to scrutinize some manifestations of similarities and differences between the viewpoints of these outstanding figures in the realm of insight and wisdom.

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With the advent of linguistic researches in the early seventies on the conditions of the women in language, an overwhelming turn came into the sociolinguistics. The most important rationale behind this attitude was the surge in Feminist movements in the modern times. Women authors strongly believe that masculine/male literature reinforces traditional sexual clichés and that in their works, portrays women as dependent and victim. They contend that the image depicted by men in their works of women is more frequently than not unrealistic. In other words, women/females in most of the literary works are considered as “others” to men/males and, henceforth, in male-dominated literature, the women question and the women experience are not dealt with. Quite on the contrary, the role assumed for women is what men ascribe to them and deem more suitable. This led to women arguing that, since they are endowed with special biological features and feminine experiences like sympathizing, cooperation, sensitivity and special power to observe, they are more likely to convey a special aspect of femininity to the reader, which is absent from male/masculine writing/écritude. Female writers in Iran could establish their place in writing fictional works and, hence, be widely received by the audience. This paper, via applying the Theory of Language and Social Semiotics, tries to delve into two novels: ‘Sovashon-by Simin Daneshvar-and ‘Adat mikonim'-by Zoya Pirzad. The methodology is descriptive-analytic. This paper substantiates the claim that women in different strata (syntactic, semantic and cognitive) of these two novels struggle to represent their identity in various ways.  

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The Ghazals of Hafiz and the Canzoniere of Petrarch (1304–1374) have at least three common characteristics: (a) from the qualitative point of view: Each of these two works is at the top of the medieval love poetry: one in the Persian literature, and the other in the European literature; (b) from the chronological point of view: These two books of poetry have been written during the fourteen the century A.D. (8^th  century AH); (c) from the quantitative point of view: The ghazals of Hafiz contain near 4092 distichs or bayts (i. e., 8184 lines or mesra') and the Canzoniere of Petrarch contains 7784 lines. So, they are contemporary, contain a similar number of lines and are at the top of the medieval love poetry. The description of the beloved's eye is one of the principal common places of these two poets: Petrarch mentions the eye 263 times in the Canzoniere and Hafiz 216 times in the Ghazals. Moreover, Hafez writes about the Narcissus-a metaphor of the eye-in 44 distichs. This paper shows, with the comparative-contrast method, the common and different characteristics of the beloved's eye in the Hafiz and Petrarch's poetry.    

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Tabaghat-o-Alsufiya is one of the ancient Persian texts written in the Harat area (Fifth century AD). Khwaja Abdullah Ansari was a Sufi who was preaching many people in several meetings in Harat. His sermons were written by one of his students later, which called ''Tabaghat-o-Alsufiya''. This text's analysis can show some unspoken language tips about the current dialects at that geographic area. This article has focused on Arabic language effects on language of Tabaghat. After a while of  the  presense of Arabs, arabic language for various social, scientific, religious, political and cultural reasons, influenced Persian language and the works of great Iranian writers and poets. Ansari´s book's language shows it has been influenced from Arabic language in some structure (grammar), vocabulary, phonetic and lexical features. This paper attempts to explain this subject with evidences and examples from the text. The study was done after careful reading of  Tabaghat-e-Ansari by using content analysis method.  

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"Personal pronouns" is one of the important issues in Persian grammar that most of the linguists and grammarians have dealt in their works and more or less presented a similar definition to the subject. In general, personal pronouns in Persian language and most of the related text have been applied in the same way; but with reference to the presence of some of the linguistic features in some ancient texts that are outcome of their relationships with diverse periods and geographical domains, it is possible that personal pronouns could have been used to some extent in different forms. The current paper intends to show the manner and different applications of personal pronouns in Tabaqat-al-Sufiyya, their origin and ratio of homogeneity and non-homogeneity of the book with other ancient texts. The personal pronouns in this text have often been used jointly with other texts or in certain cases different from them. Here, we primarily focuses on the usage of personal pronouns in Tabaqat-al-Sufiyya and ancient Herat dialects and remember them as "shebhe shenase". Specific usage of personal pronouns, specially "shebhe shenase" in ancient Herat dialects and Tabaghat is influenced by moderate Persian. From the point of view of its objectives, the current research is an applied in nature which has been accomplished through descriptive-analytical method after a detailed study of Tabaqat-al-Sufiyya and some other sources.

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During the Safavid era, communications between Iran and India became deeper than before due to the common official language. Persian romantic stories were among the written works during this period in the countries. The question is: "Are Persian romantic stories in the Safavid era in Iran and India fully similar due to the concurrency, common language and existence of similar structures, or have distinction due to different cultural environment?" Some Researches has been done on the storytelling of the Safavid period, But so far, there has been no works published on the influence of intellectual motifs on the Iranian and Indian Persian stories in any of the topics.
In this paper, it has been attempted to answer the question, by analyzing the content of the Stories. Of course, the assumption of this research is that there are many similarities in language, structure, sequences and character's functions in the Persian romantic stories in Iran and India, but despite these similarities, there is a different worldview and attitude towards the characters and events. These differences include: "Death of the lovers at the end of the story", "Girl's freedom in choosing a spouse", "supernatural creatures’ role", “presence of Mysticism and Sufism, "animals’ impact in the story ", "presence of Indian characters" and "independence of the source" that would help to understand the stories written in India from Iranian stories.

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There are several attitudes about the linguistic characteristics of literary works by female authors. The present study aims at highlighting the need for a stylistic analysis of female fictions as a method for linguistic, literary, and ideological analyses of these works. In this study, we have studied the most important stylistic aspects of Pirzad’s writings through a feminist stylistic approach. The results of the study indicate that from the first work of the author (Mesl-e hameh-ye asr-ha^[1]) to the last work (Ādat mikonim^[2]), a feminist point of view has emerged at different levels of the texts, e.g. lexicon, sentence, and discourse. The changing trend of thought which leads to linguistic transformation and development in the author’s work is as follows: in Mesl-e hameh-ye asr-ha,Ta’m-e gass-e khormalu,^[3]Yek ruz mandeh be eid-e pak,^[4] the women are engaged in routines and have no intentionality of their own, while in Cheragh-ha ra man khamoosh mikonam,^[5] the women status is challenged, and in Adat mikonim, due to the role of women in social activities, a different description of female identity as the agent of change is presented.
[1]. Like All Evenings [2]. We Will Get Used to It [3]. The Acrid Taste of Persimmon  [4]. One Day before Easter [5]. I Turn off the Lights

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Literature has a special position in representing society. The novel is a special literary genre and a perfect mirror which reflects and reveals the events, progress, growth and change of the society. Most especially in both countries of Iran and Senegal, this style of writing has been accompanied by the social and cultural changes. Family is the most important and fundamental element of the community. The main role of the story is been played by the family in most contemporary novels. The concept of family plays a key role in most contemporary novels, and the main role of the story is always introduced in the family. On the other hand, the roles that humans take in their families often expresses the realities of the community. Regarding the political and social conditions governing each period, the way writers pay attention to family issues. In this article, we have studied the comparison and analysis of family in Iranian and Senegalese contemporary novels (showhare Aho khanom and so long a letter), in response to these questions, which are these similarities as well as the structural differences of the family in the contemporary novels of these two nations and how they emerged narratively. In addition of studing family in novels, this research is also a kind of comparison between Iranian and Senegalese cultures, and the important works of contemporary writers in these two nations are compared, which can help the develop of comparative literature in both countries.

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Linguistic varieties are broadened by complexities of social relations. Among these, interaction of phonetic and social variables plays important role in linguistic varieties. The goal of this paper is to study the nature of phonological metathesis and its relation to social variables of age and education. The framework of this article is social phonology using analytic and field study methodology. In phonological analysis which was in optimality theory, it was determined that sonority sequence principle and syllable contact law are responsible for this process. In this research 110 words are pronounced by 56 individuals. In phonological account which was within optimality theory it was determined that sonority sequence principle and syllable contact law are main causes of this process. Also in this research the frequency of the consonants involved in the process is determined. Participants are classified according to age and education. Regarding the age of participant four groups have been chosen: 4-5, 6-7, 29-40 and 41-69, it means that educated, illiterate, mid education and academic. Results show that by the increase of age, the rate of metathesis decreases. Also by increase in education the rate of metathesis decreases.

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Backgrounds: Aspergillus fumigatus is a pathogen responsible for invasive aspergillosis and the main leading cause of death in immunosuppressed individuals. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of eugenol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles on the expression of CYP51a and CYP51b, two well-known genes responsible for triazole drug resistance in A. fumigatus.
Materials & Methods: The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of eugenol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles, chitosan, eugenol, and itraconazole was determined based on the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M38-E3 method at concentrations of 4.6-2400, 11.7-12000, 2-2048, and 1-256 μg/mL, respectively. The expression of CYP51A and CYP51B was evaluated in A. fumigatus exposed to 0.5, 1, and 2× of MIC concentration of NPs and itraconazole using the real-time polymerase chain reaction.
Findings: The obtained results showed that eugenol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles sucessfully reduced A. fumigatus fungal growth at 300 μg/mL concentration. MIC of chitosan, eugenol, and itraconazole was measured to be 6000, 256, and 4 μg/mL, respectively. The results of real-time PCR also revealed that eugenol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles increased the expression of both CYP51A and CYP51B in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of fungal CYP51A and CYP51B at mRNA level was significantly increased 1.26, 1.93, and 3.1-fold as well as 1.2, 2.1, and 2.4-fold at concentrations of 150, 300, and 600 μg/mL, respectively (p<.05). However, it seems that the prepared nanoparticles had a lower impact on the expression of these genes compared to itraconazole.
Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that the treatment of A. fumigatus with eugenol-chitosan nanoparticles could increase the expression of the CYP51 gene, suggesting the anti-fungal property of these nanoparticles.

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 Kashmir is a geographical region in the north-west of the Indian high mountains of the Himalayas. Kashmiri language is spoken primarily in the Kashmir Valley and the other regions of Jammu and Kashmir. Kashmiri language is a member of the Dardic subgroup of the Indo-Iranian languages. It is due to prolonged contact between Kashmiri and Persian languages from 14^thto 19^thcentury, Persian language has left deep influence of linguistic features and literary styles on Kashmiri language. This influence could be studied in three parts: lexical borrowing, phonological changes and grammatical borrowing. The aim of this paper is to study the influence of Persian language in the valley of Kashmir and Kashmiri language, form the language borrowing perspective by using library resources and previous works to confirm and reveal the cultural ties between Iran and Kashmir from ancient times and in different historical periods. Novelty of the research is to study Persian fundamental influence on the Kashmiri language and suggests that this influence is due to spread of Islam in this region by Muslim (Iranian) mystics and missionaries. Research results indicate that the influence of Persian language, in addition to lexical borrowings, has caused deep changes in the grammatical other constructions of Kashmiri language and if this influence had continued, based upon the reasons mentioned above, perhaps,this language would have been replace with Persian.
 
 
 

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Narration of the Risalat al-tayr (TREATISE OF THE BIRDS) has an important place among the educational works in Persian Literature. In each story, value/s are defined by means of actors trying to achieve them.  The narrator makes an attempt to get the actor to the axiological system of story and create narrative periods. By Narrative periods we mean that from the 1960s (the peak of structuralism till now), narrations have been based on a model, each period is different from the other in terms of theoretical and semeiotic and semantic aspects. Semiotics and semantics tries to categorize the narrative periods of classic and modern literature. Identification and exploration of narrative periods of Farsi and Arabic Risalat al-tayr with focus on investigation of axiological system of dialogue allows us to move beyond this generation and provide a model for narrative division of the literary texts.
In this regard, the purpose of this research is to investigate the narrative periods based on Manṭiq al-ṭayr (conference of birds) by Attar in order to explain the related model to study the narrative systems. Narrative periods make us encounter with the transformation of the narration. For this purposes, one of the research goal is to provide the narrative periods based on Manṭiq al-ṭayr in order to provide a comprehensive method to literary text analysis.  It is assumed that in Manṭiq al-ṭayr this function has a multiple concept. In other words, the actor experiences different periods to reach the value. Other questions are also as follows: what are the underlying components of the axiological system in   Risalat al-tayr? How these components are organized?  With investigation of Risalat al-tayr, which is the suitable method to measure the effect of the stories on each other. Risalat al-tayr uses a unique similitude in storytelling, for this reason, it benefits from a special kind of narration.  So, by investigating the narration of this text, it is possible to understand the mentality of the narrator and depict the effect of these stories based on their narrative style in order to reach a model of studying the narrative transformation. To this end, the authors have adopted Paris school Semiotic approach. The findings of the present research indicate that the Risalat al-tayr is totally composed of narrative periods including “Programmed Actional Regime, “Interactional  system based on dialogue  and negotiations” “ Actional  regime based on competence” , “ Passive tension” , “ Sensible paradigm based on subject adjustment to the existence”, and “ attraction- correlation and assessment”. First and second periods are called tension periods and are an introduction to the periods of action, sensation, and assessment. Only Manṭiq al-ṭayr by Attar contains all these periods. In other treatises, only some of these periods are observed. In the first three periods and the period of assessment, the value of thing is outside the actors and in the periods of tension, sensation and attraction, the value is in the subject. In all of these texts, the value is added one by one to the text.

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The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is one of the most important and destructive herbivorous mites in farm and greenhouse that has developed high levels of resistance to many acaricides. In this study, we investigated the effect of sublethal concentrations of hexythiazox at LC₁₀, LC₂₀, and LC₃₀ on the development and reproduction parameters of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) and its prey T. urticae. The crude data were analyzed based on age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. Hexythiazox (at LC₂₀ and LC₃₀ levels) reduced the oviposition period (9.68, 8.06 days), total lifespan (22.37, 20.88 days), and total fecundity (50.97, 46.21 eggs/female) compared to the control but did not affect those parameters of A. swirskii. The intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ) were not significantly different at tested concentrations, but the net reproductive rate (R₀), gross reproductive rate (GRR), and mean generation time (T) reduced significantly. Our study demonstrated lower toxicity of hexythiazox on A. swirskii compared to its prey. It could be concluded that the use of selective acaricides at lower concentrations may be helpful in integrated pest management programs.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate those phonological processes, speakers of Persian language and some of Iranian dialects use in order to observe the sonority sequencing principle (SSP) and the syllable contact law (SCL). Among the questions we would like answer the following questions: 1. what phonological processes are used by the speakers of Persian language and some types of Iranian languages in order to observe the sonority sequencing principle and the syllable contact law and 2. What effect does the syllable number of the word have on the application of phonological processes?. Based on the mentioned questions, these hypotheses can be made: 1. the speakers of language use the phonological processes of compensatory lengthening, metathesis, insertion, deletion and substitution in order to observe the sonority sequencing principle and the syllable contact law 2. The syllable number of the simple words does not have any effect on the application of phonological processes.
However, in order to do this research, data of Persian language are collected from the spoken language of the speakers. Then, their phonological forms are compared with Moshiri’s dictionary (2008). Data of Kordi Hurami dialect are gathered through interview with the speakers and data of Lafuri, Torbat Heidariye and Sabzevari dialects are extracted from Kambuziya (2006).
Out of 1125 gathered simple words that do not conform to the SSP and the SCL, the phonological processes of 'compensatory lengthening', 'metathesis', 'insertion', 'deletion' and 'substitution of a phonological unit with another phonological unit' are applied to 357 words by language speakers. In sum, the frequency analysis of data shows that:
The deletion of the glottal consonants / ʔ / and  / h / is more frequent in the two syllable words. In other words, this process occurs in 66/19 percent of disyllabic words, 23/94 percent of tri syllabic words and 9/85 percent of one syllable words. Furthermore, the constraint hierarchy for the phonological process of deletion of the glottal consonants and the compensatory lengthening of a vowel can be illustrated as: SON-SEQ>> No cluster-glottal, MAX-μ >> MAX-IO.
The phonological process of metathesis is more frequent in the disyllabic words. This process occurs in 65/74 percent of two syllable words, 25 percent of monosyllabic words and 9/25 percent of three syllable words. In addition, the constraint hierarchy for the application of metathesis can be shown as: SON-SEQ>> LINEARITY and  SCL>> LINEARITY.
The process of insertion is more frequent in the disyllabicwords. This process occurs in 96/87 percent of disyllabic words and in 3/12 percent of monosyllabic words. The constraint hierarchy of this process can be indicated as: SON-SEQ>> DEP-IO.
An investigation of the extracted Persian simple words shows that the sonority sequencing principle is not observed in 24 words with the structure of /CVC1C2 / . In these cases, the process of deletion is not applied. When the speakers use these monosyllabic simple words in combination with other linguistic elements, the deletion of the final consonant occurs. However, the constraint hierarchy of this process can be illustrated as: SON-SEQ>> MAX-IO.
The process of substitution occurs in some words of kordi Hurami dialect. In other words, when the sonority sequencing principle is not observed in the initial consonant cluster, the second member of the cluster which is less sonorant than the first member is substituted with another consonant which is more sonorant than the first member. The constraint hierarchy of this phonological process can be shown as: SON-SEQ>> *STOP/#C >> IDENT (manner).
Thus, it can be argued that these processes are applied to mono, di and tri syllabic words among which the frequency of disyllabic words is more than that of one and tri syllabic words.

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Hibiscus chlorotic ringspot virus (HCRSV), genus Betacarmovirus, family Tombusviridae, is a common pathogen of hibiscus plants in tropical and subtropical regions. During 2020-2021, leaf samples of Chinese hibiscus Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. with mottling and chlorotic ring spot symptoms were collected from Ahvaz and Molasani Khuzestan province, southwestern Iran. Total RNA extracted from symptomatic samples was subjected to RT-PCR analysis to amplify the sequence of the coat protein gene (CP) (p38) of HCRSV. Complete (1038 bp) and partial (932 bp) p38 sequences were determined and deposited in the GenBank database. The consensus sequences obtained from CP were compared with those of known isolates using the nBLAST program and phylogenetic analysis. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on the p38 sequences showed different ancestors for Iranian isolates of HCRSV. Additionally, the isolates studied were grouped into clades regardless of their geographic distribution, suggesting that there is no differentiation of population based on location and that populations are interconnected. Recombination analysis based on p38 sequences predicted at least two acceptable recombinant isolates, Ahvaz (Iran) and Israel. In silico prediction of CP structures of isolates involved in recombination events showed low sequence to structure identity between HCRSV isolates. In addition to reporting two new HCRSV isolates from Iran, our work demonstrated that HCRSV exhibits a high genetic variation through recombination and that the classification criterion could be changed from low nucleotide sequence identity to a higher value, along with the structural analysis of betacarmovirus proteins.


 

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In this paper the effects of the inlet fluid temperature on the electro-osmotic flow pattern in a two-dimensional microchannel with constant walls temperature is investigated with solving the governing equations by the Lattice Boltzmann method. The main objective of this research is to study the effects of temperature variations on the distribution of ions and consequently internal electric potential and velocity field. For make possible to use the Boltzmann ion distribution equation, cup mean temperature for every cross section of the microchannel is used. At the used Lattice Boltzmann method, LBGK model for modeling the Boltzmann collision function and the Zou-He boundary conditions method for velocity field has been used. Wang model for solving the Poisson-Boltzmann and He-Chen model for solving the energy equation has been used. The results show that, with increase the temperature difference between the inlet flow and the walls, the electro-osmotic flow rate increases. Also, observed that with decrease the external electric potential and the electric double layer thickness and increase the temperature difference at the inlet zone of the microchannel, a region with return flow is formed which can be used for controlling the internal flow pattern.

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Internal-force-driven flows in which the force acting on channel cross sections have a perfect uniform distribution create a fully developed velocity field even the axial distribution of these forces is non-uniform. In this situation, firstly the driving force with non-uniform axial distribution can be removed temporarily and then one can use an equivalent axial uniform body forcealternatively throughout the channel. In this case, although the distribution and the driving force change but the resulting velocity profiles remain unchanged. The main advantage of thisreplacement is thatthe solution of the equations in the 3-D geometries canbe converted to a 2-D solution using Poisson equationin the channel cross section. After determining the velocity distribution in the cross section, one caninverselycalculate the actual pressure distribution easily. This will be done by resuming the real axial force. One of the applications of this simplification is that the simulation of MHD channel flows can be carried out easily.Good agreement between the results of the new solution method and the results ofthe perfect solutions shows that the present method with enough accuracy can be used for prediction of velocity and pressure fields in microfluidic networks.Consequently the heavy costs of 3-D analysis are reduced considerably.