Volume 12, Issue 4 (Fall 2024)
Abstract
Aims: In this study, we evaluated the performance of direct microbial fuel cells using citric acid wastewater as a substrate under different concentrations of MLSS 1000 mg.L-1 and 3000 mg.L-1.
Materials & Methods: Aspergillus niger yeast was used as a microorganism over 4 days and nights of this experiment. A Nafion membrane was used for proton transfer, and graphite plates were used for electron transfer. COD removal efficiency, maximum open circuit voltage, power, and current density were evaluated.
Findings: The general trend of energy production and removal efficiency showed that energy production increased with increasing MLSS. The maximum of these variables was recorded for MLSS of 3000 mg.L-1, achieving a removal efficiency of 93%, an open circuit voltage of 500 mV, and power and current density of 24345 µW.m-2 and 444 mA.m-2, respectively.
Conclusion: Our results showed that the designed MFC suits wastewater treatment and energy recovery.
Volume 12, Issue 6 (January & February 2022 2021)
Abstract
A formulaic speech is a part of language which can carry many meanings, themes and instances. Formulaic speech are commonly used in proverbs, metaphors, idioms and languages and more in conversational language and play an effective role in social communication and language development both structurally and conceptually. They are part of a community's identity, culture and history whose understanding will lead to a better understanding of culture and society and the linguistic infrastructure and developments of a language community. Also, analyzing and recognizing them in a text gives a better understanding of the hidden angles and style of that text. In Dehkhoda's articles, there are various types of formulaic speech that in each of them lies deep social, cultural and linguistic concepts and understanding them helps to understand the style and language of Dehkhoda's articles and the society of his day. The present study uses qualitative (analytical-descriptive) method to analyze and recognize patterns of species in Dehkhoda's "Charand-o-parand" in three categories: proverb, irony, idioms and languages. The results of the research show that using these molded structures, Dehkhoda has depicted the conditions of his community and it has conveyed its content quickly and deeply to the audience. The use of these constructions has also led to the closest proverbial proverb to colloquial language. Idioms (220 Items), Irony (81 Items) and Proverbs (51 Items) are the most commonly used forms of molding in Dehkhoda's articles.
1. Introduction
Language is composed of different components and textures.One of them is formulaic speech. These expressions are used in specific and limited social situations and are current and common in any language and are considered as an accepted part of that language. Knowing them leads to a better understanding of the language and discovering their meanings and their relationship with different social groups and classes of users.
Also, the study of formulaic speeches in textual research which allows the study of different linguistic layers in a text. Dehkhoda's articles are full of all kinds of stylized expressions of language. Dehkhoda has used these discourses creatively, in a way that his style can be identified through these stereotypes. The present article will examine these speeches
Statement of the problems:
Formulaic speeches are the pre-prepared parts of the language which play an important role in social communication and language development. Examining these statements can help to examine the text more precisely; because these speeches show and contain different literary, cultural and social aspects of the text. This article uses analytical method to examine the Formulaic speeches in Dehkhoda's articles. This study makes Dehkhoda's articles more deeply understood.
Research aims:
The present study aims to analyze and recognize formulaic speeches in Dehkhoda's "Charand-o-parand" in three categories: proverb, irony, idioms .
Research questions:
This study wants to find some answer to these questions:
Which molded constructions are most used in Dehkhoda's articles and how Dehkhoda used each of them and how the existence of these constructions can affect the language of the text?
Research hypothesis:
The main premise of the present article is that Dehkhoda has been able to use all kinds of formulaic speeches in order to create a better and more effective relationship with the society of his time and solve the social and political problems of that period in simple, intimate and at the same time efficient and effective language.
2. Methods
The research method in this article is analytical and descriptive. Also, different types of formulaic speeches in “Charan-o-Parand” of Dehkhoda nonsense have been studied and categorized.
3. Results and Innovation
The results of the research show that using these molded structures, Dehkhoda has depicted in Charando Parand the conditions of his community and it has conveyed its content quickly and deeply to the audience. The use of these constructions has also led to the closest proverbial proverb to colloquial language. Idioms (220 Items), Irony (81 Items) and Proverbs (51 Items) are the most commonly used forms of molding in Dehkhoda's articles. These speeches have not been studied in Dehkhoda's articles so far
Volume 15, Issue 3 (11-2015)
Abstract
This paper presents the speed control scheme of indirect vector controlled of induction motor (IM) drive. Voltage source inverter type space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) is used for PWM controlling scheme. Regarding the capabilities and potentials of intelligent based on Fuzzy logic in the control of non-linear and complex systems, the Fuzzy PID controllers is developed for controlling the speed, torque, and flux of an IM. The performances of the proposed FLC-based IM drives are investigated and compared to those obtained from the conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller-based drives both simulated at different dynamic operating conditions such as step change in command speed, load change, and increase in the rotor resistance. The comparative results show that the FLC is more robust, found to be a suitable replacement of the conventional PI controller for the high-performance industrial drive applications
