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Aims: This study aims to investigate the impact of shading devices and airflow velocity on the thermal (energy) performance and convective flow in a south-facing double-skin façade of a building located in Semnan, a hot and arid region in Iran. The research seeks to determine which type of shading device, including inclined and multi-layer shades, can most effectively reduce indoor temperature and enhance convective flow.

Methods: Numerical simulations were conducted using SolidWorks and COMSOL Multiphysics software for geometry modeling, fluid flow simulation, and heat transfer analysis, respectively. A two-dimensional double-skin façade with various shading configurations was considered, and turbulent natural ventilation flow within them was examined.

Findings: Simulation results demonstrated that the geometry and airflow velocity significantly influenced the velocity and turbulence of the airflow within the double-skin cavity. A geometry with a multi-layer (asymmetric) shading device exhibited an 18.5% temperature reduction at the same wind speed. The maximum temperature reduction occurred in a geometry with a multi-layer (asymmetric) shading device and an airflow velocity of 5 meters per second. In other words, the best thermal performance was observed in multi-layer shading devices.

Conclusion: This research indicated that the use of multi-layer (asymmetric) shading devices can effectively reduce indoor temperature and enhance convective flow. These findings suggest that the appropriate design of shading devices can be employed as a passive method to reduce energy consumption in buildings.
 

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The increasing need for clean water and energy resources for human societies has led them to optimize the old technologies with the best in research and studies to make the most of them. One of these inventions is dams, structures that are created on the rivers. In the past, the creation of dams was generally aimed at providing drinking water and irrigation of farms, but nowadays it is not only a source of water, but also electric energy. In many studies, dynamic analysis is used to assess the vulnerability and damage damages during an earthquake. Despite the precision of this method, there are many uncertainties in the analysis stages that make the study costly and prolonged. Therefore, using nonlinear static analysis method, researchers increased the speed of analysis and reduced costs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of concrete gravity dams using nonlinear static analysis (pushover analysis). For this purpose, load patterns used in the pushover analysis are applied in both directions upstream and downstream of the dam structure. Observations show that, apart from the rectangular load pattern, all load patterns used in this research can adequately correlate Detect the crack in the dam body correctly. The increasing need for clean water and energy resources for human societies has led them to optimize the old technologies with the best in research and studies to make the most of them. One of these inventions is dams, structures that are created on the rivers. In the past, the creation of dams was generally aimed at providing drinking water and irrigation of farms, but nowadays it is not only a source of water, but also electric energy. In many studies, dynamic analysis is used to assess the vulnerability and damage damages during an earthquake. Despite the precision of this method, there are many uncertainties in the analysis stages that make the study costly and prolonged. Therefore, using nonlinear static analysis method, researchers increased the speed of analysis and reduced costs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of concrete gravity dams using nonlinear static analysis (pushover analysis). For this purpose, load patterns used in the pushover analysis are applied in both directions upstream and downstream of the dam structure. Observations show that, apart from the rectangular load pattern, all load patterns used in this research can adequately correlate Detect the crack in the dam body correctly. The increasing need for clean water and energy resources for human societies has led them to optimize the old technologies with the best in research and studies to make the most of them. One of these inventions is dams, structures that are created on the rivers. In the past, the creation of dams was generally aimed at providing drinking water and irrigation of farms, but nowadays it is not only a source of water, but also electric energy. In many studies, dynamic analysis is used to assess the vulnerability and damage damages during an earthquake. Despite the precision of this method, there are many uncertainties in the analysis stages that make the study costly and prolonged. Therefore, using nonlinear static analysis method, researchers increased the speed of analysis and reduced costs. The purpose of this study is to investigate the seismic performance of concrete gravity dams using nonlinear static analysis (pushover analysis). For this purpose, load patterns used in the pushover analysis are applied in both directions upstream and downstream of the dam structure. Observations show that, apart from the rectangular load pattern, all load patterns used in this research can adequately correlate Detect the crack in the dam body correctly.