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  Leadership is one of the most important concepts in management literature. Organizations cannot achieve their predetermined goals without an efficient leadership. This study tries to identify the most effective factors on leadership intention and demonstrate them as a conceptual model. Leadership intention means persons’ scheduling for self-individuals future and whether he or she is willing to be responsible for leaderships roles. The conceptual model of this study is created according to subject literature. Questionnaires distributed among management students of Tehran universities using convenience sampling and 845 were collected. Data analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results showed that fame-seeking, social networks, leadership motivation and person’s leadership efficiency have positive and significant Influence on his/her leadership intent. Dream, risk taking, independence, confidence, curiosity and emotional intelligence were among other variables that their effects on leadership intent was not confirmed.        
 

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In this study a novel solution method for dynamic analysis of clamped-free shape memory alloy beams is presented. It is assumed that the beam is entirely made of shape memory alloy. Based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory the governing equations of motion and corresponding boundary conditions are derived by using extended Hamilton principle. In the derived PDEs the transformation strain is behaved as external force that changes with time and position. The Galrkin approach is employed to convert PDEs to ODE system equations of motion. The derived equations of motion are solved by using Newmark integration method. The shape memory alloy constitutive model that presented by Souza is applied for specifying the phase of material all over beam. The transformation strain as internal variable that is coupled with states of equations of motion is identified in every time and every position of beam by using return map algorithm. A parametric study on the control variables has been adopted and the results of parametric study are discussed. The results show that the hysteresis damping is increased by increasing the operating temperature. Moreover the damping of system is faster by increasing the initial displacement in free vibration.

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Sample storage and fasting times leads to some changes of blood metabolites in broilers. Therefore, a study was conducted with the aim to assess the influence of storage and fasting times in serum and plasma fractions on glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) concentrations in broilers. A total of 70 male broiler chickens fasted at 7 times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours) to collect blood fractions (serum and plasma) stored at -20°C for 0, 30, and 60 days. Glucose and GGT were affected by fasting times×blood fraction. Serum glucose concentration decreased linearly (≅ 2.48 mg dL^-1), whereas total cholesterol and plasma GGT increased linearly (≅ 0.92 mg dL^-1 and ≅ 0.19 IU L^-1, respectively) with fasting time. There was a quadratic effect on plasma glucose and serum GGT (maximum at 3.95 hours and minimum at 5.22 hours of fasting, respectively), and triacylglycerol (minimum at 8.75 hours of fasting) and ALT concentrations (maximum at 8.45 hours of fasting). Glucose, total cholesterol, AST, ALT, GGT concentrations were higher in serum, while triacylglycerol was higher in plasma. Glucose concentration had the lowest values at 30 days, while ALT was higher on day 0. However, GGT concentrations were lower on days 0 and 30. Samples of plasma for glucose, ALT, and GGT stored at -20°C for long periods should be avoided. In addition, serum samples and 6 hours fasting are recommended for the assessment of blood biochemical metabolites in broilers.