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The positive role of reflective teaching and well-being as means of fostering teaching quality has mainly remained at the level of speculation and there is little empirical evidence to illustrate their impact on enhancing professional development. To fill this existing gap, this study examines the contribution of reflection and psychological well-being as predictors of professional development. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, 350 English language teachers were selected randomly and participated in a survey. Following that, six teachers through purposeful sampling participated in a focus group interview to investigate the relationship among the aforementioned variables. The correlational analysis confirmed the positive relationship among these three constructs and a structural equation modeling indicated that both reflection and well-being significantly predicted professional development; however, well-being was a stronger predictor compared to reflection. The qualitative analysis of data revealed four main themes contributing to professional development among teachers. The pedagogical implications are also elaborated and discussed.

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In this research, general performance of Radial basis function (RBF) Artificial neural networks in experimental data on effect of the NiO, WO3, TiO2,ZnO and Fe2O3 nanoparticles in different temperatures and mass fractions on the viscosity of crude oil has been studied. The morphology and stability of the nanoparticles has been analyzed by DLS and TEM analysis, the results showed that the average diameter of the nanoparticles is from 10 to 30 nm which defers for different oxide nanoparticles. The general method for calculating the optimum span of the Isotropic Gaussian function with special algorithm for learning RBF networks, has been presented. This study's results declared that the RBF artificial neural networks, because of having strong academic basis and having the ability to filter the noises, has a good performance. With increase in temperature, the ratio of the viscosity of the nanofluids decreases compering to the viscosity of the basefluid. Also with increase in nanoparticles mass fraction the related viscosity increases boldly. For temperatures higher than 50°C, the related viscosity is less than the viscosity of the basefluid.

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Problem: Residents of residential complexes in urban areas face all kinds of sounds every day. Most of these hundreds are very noisy and painful in traffic centers.
Target: The aim of the current research is to evaluate the satisfaction of the residents of Tabriz railway neighborhood from the perspective of environmental acoustic comfort.
Method: The current research method is descriptive-analytical with practical purpose. The statistical population of the research is 32,936 residents of the Tabriz railway neighborhood. The sample size was 380 people using Cochran's formula. For the validity of the questions, face validity was used and Cronbach's alpha was used for reliability. To analyze the data, structural equation method and TOPSIS and FTOPSIS techniques from Spss and Amos software were used.
Result: The results showed that among the factors affecting the acoustic comfort of the residents of the Tabriz railway neighborhood, the physical index had the greatest impact, followed by the acoustic and social indicators. Also, the results showed that in terms of the ranking of the koi in terms of acoustic comfort in terms of noise pollution, Ittahad alley got the highest noise pollution, followed by Niloufar alley and Shaghaig koi, the second and third respectively As a result, with proper design and use of form, facade and materials in terms of architectural acoustics, noise pollution can be reduced to a great extent in Tabriz Railway neighborhood and help to improve the quality of acoustic comfort of the residents.              

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Problem:One of the most important elements of urban spaces is urban furniture, which has special importance for citizens.Urban furniture,in addition to providing services to citizens,makes them feel comfortable in urban spaces, and by strengthening the level of satisfaction,it can lead to more interaction with other citizens.Aims:Considering the importance of observing standards in the design of urban furniture and the lack of attention to this issue in Iran, the main goal is to investigate the considerations and criteria for designing urban furniture in urban spaces.Methodology:After conducting documentary studies, first,different definitions of urban furniture were examined,then its classification in the world and Iran and its criteria were studied.Findings:The results of this research show that urban furniture design can be examined in three dimensions:1-Grammatical dimensions: this dimension examines the system and structure of signs,2-Functional dimensions:it analyzes the relationship between a sign and its user and 3-Semantic dimensions:it deals with the study of meaning, change of meaning, and principles governing the relationships between sentences and words and their meaning.Also,It can be said that in terms of how to pay attention to design considerations and criteria, there can be two modes;1-Standard-oriented and uniform design, in which all considerations and criteria are taken into account in the design process and 2-The design of a case that is based on special conditions and based on the location and platform of the furniture and by observing the appropriate considerations and criteria,the subject of creativity,styles,and artistic theories can find more expression and strength in this category of furniture.

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Growth, sex ratio and age of 188 specimens of Tench, Tinca tinca, from Anzali wetland were recorded during Nov. 2013 to June 2014. The age range of fish was 0⁺ to 6⁺ years. Male to female sex ratio was 1:1.7 that differed significantly (P<0.05). Maximum total length (TL) and weight (W) was 40.7 cm and 1000g, respectively. The b value of the length-weight relationship was 2.70 that showed negative allometric growth (p<0.05). The growth performance index (ϕ) was calculated as 2.61. The estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters were (L_∞= 47.48 cm, k= 0.18 yr^- and t₀= -1.07 yr). T_maxwas calculated 16.41 years. Also infinity weight (W_∞) was estimated as 1261.43 g. The present investigation provides basic information about population structure of Tench (T. tinca) in Anzali wetland.

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Purpose: In this study the inhibitory effect of Eucalyptus extracts as a natural and herbal antibacterial substance was evaluated against Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains (8821M and ATCC27853). Material and Methods: The MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) of alcoholic and aquatic extracts of Eucalyptus was determined using the tube and agar dilution methods. The growth rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in sub-MIC concentration of extracts was compared with the controls. Phenol coefficients of extracts were determined by the Ridal- Walker method. Result and Discussion: The MIC was 1:8(3.2 mg/ml) fold of the alcoholic extracts and 1:4(17.5 mg/ml) fold of the aquatic extracts. In the sub-MIC concentration of extracts, by increasing the Eucalyptus extract concentration, the growth rate was decreased. Phenol coefficients of the alcoholic and aquatic extracts were evaluated to be 0.0381 and 0.019, respectively. Conclusion: Results of this study indicated that crude aquatic and alcoholic extracts of Eucalyptus have inhibitory effects on the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in the sub- MIC concentration of extracts this value decreases. Overall, the plants indicated a wide range of antimicrobial activities which can lead to the detection of new antibiotics against resistant bacteria.

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Objective: Ajowan is an annual herbaceous essential oil of Carum copticom. The main components of the oil are Tymol, β-pinene, γ- terpinene and Sabinene.The fruit oil of Carum copticum has been reported to have several therapeutic effects including anti fungal, anti bacterial and anti viral,... Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungus and transforms into pathogenic form in favorable conditions, causing fungal diseases. Materials and Methods: In this study, essential oil and alcoholic extract of Carum copticum were gained and Microdilution Broth method were used for detection of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicide concentration (MFC) of 11 clinical isolates of Candida albicans and Standard strain (PTCC50-27). Results: Results show that MIC for essential oil is 0.43 µg/ml, 0.87 µg/ml and for alcoholic extract is 3.51 µg/ml, 7.03 µg/ml, 1/75 µg/ml. Thus, it seems that Carum copticum could inhibit Candida albicans growth by a similar mechanism which occurs by Fluconazole (FLZ). In general, the results obtained in this study indicate that Carum copticum has potential values for growth inhibition of Candida albicans in vitro. Conclution: In recent years, systemic fungal infections due to Candida species have been received major consideration about inducing mortality in nosocomial patients because of increasing in immunocompromised disorders such as AIDS and hematological disorders as well as long term use of Phlebotomus perfiliewi transcaucasicus sandflies. Conclusion: This is the first report on natural infection of sand flies to L. donovani in the country and since the ecology and biology of L. donovani differs extensively from L. infantum, it is necessary to perform further studies to highlight the role of L. donovani in epidemiology of VL in the region and country.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the syntactic processes involved in deriving Persian WH-multiple questions. Therefore, the function of WH-words in these constructs regarding the syntactic processes is examined. It also clarifies which syntactic functions justify their sequential or split orders. The research method is descriptive-analytic on the base of  Chomsky’s Minimalist approach (1995). Research data was collected from books, Media, newspapers, social networks and Google search engine and native speakers’ speech. Data  analysis shows that in sequential WH-multiple questions (both types), backward deletion occurs in which the identical constituent in the first clause is deleted under identity. In these constructions, the first WH-word remains in situ and the second one moves to the focus phrase after deleting the identical constituent. Scrambling is just possible with adjunct- adjunct and adjunct- argument order in these constructions. In split WH- multiple questions, the deletion of identical constituent occurs in the second clause as forward deletion in which  both WH-words remanin in situ. Scrambling in these constructions is also possible with adjunct-adjunct and adjunct-argument order. Scrambling and superiority of WH-words are not permitted in WH-multiple questions with any order of WH-words.

1. Introduction
Among the constructions that Chomsky examines in the form of minimalist approach are WH-questions. These constructions are observed in two types, yes /no questions and WH-questions which is the aim of the present study. Sometimes WH-questions consisting of two or more WH-words, named WH-multiple questions. These constructions are in two types: sequential and split. Sequential WH-multiple questions are themselves divided into two types of simple (without coordinator) and coordinated (with coordinator). In split one, WH-words are separated. The present study seeks to answer these questions: What is the function of WH-words in WH-multiple questions with respect to the syntactic processes, and which syntactic operations justify their sequential or split nature?
 
2. Literature Review
A review of the research literature shows that WH-quesions have been studied only in terms of structure, type and movement of WH-words in Persian just in single WH-word questions and none of them examined the syntactic processes in the derivation of Persian WH- multiple ones. Therefore, conducting such a study in relation to WH-multiple questions based on Chomsky's Minimalist Program (1995) distinguishes itself from other similar studies in this field.
 
3. Methodology
The research method is descriptive-analytic based on the principles of Chomsky’s (1995) Minimalist Program as theoretical framework.
 
4. Results
The examination of data shows that in coordinated WH-questions (both types), the common constituent in the first clause is deleted under identity and satisfying language economy. In other words, backward deletion occurs. In the coordinate WH-questions (both types), the first WH-word remains in-situ and under identity and thus deleting it, the second WH-word moves to the focus phrase.
In contrast, in split WH-questions, forward deletion occures in which the deletion of identical clause occurs in the second clause, leaving a gap in the position of identical elements, and both WH-words are placed in their original unmarked place. In this type of WH-questions, the movement of WH-word leads to the ungrammaticality of WH-construction and as a result, Persian speakers will not accept it. Therefore, It has been concluded since no movement occurs in this type of constructions, there is no need to apply the attract closest principle.
Also, the analysis of data shows that scrambling of two adjuct-adjunct WH-word in sequencial coordinate WH-question is possible. But in multiple WH-question, scrambling and superiority leads to unacceptable and sometimes ungrammatical constructions. Thus, contrary to Bošković's (1999) view that focus languages do not show superiority effects, multiple WH-questions in Persian, which is a focus language, shows it. In split WH-questions, scrambling of two adjunct- adjunct WH-words is possible.
In coordinate WH-questions with adjunct-argument order, scrambling of two WH-words is possible. On the contrary, this kind of scrambling in Persian multiple WH-question leads to ungrammatical construction. In contrast, scrambling of adjunct- argument WH-words in split WH-questions is allowed and the result is a grammatical and acceptable construction. Scrambling of WH-words with the order of augment-adjunct is not possible in any of the coordinate, multiple and split WH-questions and the result will be an ungrammatical WH-question.
In coordinate WH-questions with the order of argument-argument WH-words, if the case markers accompanying WH-words are deleted, the construction will be ungrammatical and in the case of two argument WH-words scrambling, the construction will be grammatical, but not acceptable for Persian speakers. In multiple WH-quesions, scrambling of two WH-words is not possible. In split WH-question with two argument WH-words, scrambling is impossible and ungrammatical. The results also show that argument coordination can only occur with transitive verbs.
5. Discussion
It has been discussed and examined what syntactic processes involved in derivatiing of WH-multiple questions? And which syntactic operations justify its sequential or split properties. In thi way, WH-multiple questions in different orders of adjunct-adjunct, adjunct-argument, argument-adjunct, and argument-argument, have separately been studied.
 
6. Conclusion
We concluded that the existence of multiple WH-questions in Persian as a pro-drop language violates the view of Sitko (2013) who claims that pro-drop languages allow multiple WH-word rising.
In general, the syntactic processes involved in WH-multiple questions of Persian are: finding the identical constitute and deleting it, remaining the first WH-word in-situ and moving the second WH-word to focus phrase.
Notes
1. In this study, we investigate only WH-multiple questions with two WH-words.
2. Acceptability
3. Unacceptability
4. Lubańska
5. Stefano
6. Pro- drop languages
7. Covert wh-movement
8. Empty wh-operator
9. Overt wh-movement
10. Merge
11. A-position: A position that takes a semantic role and corresponds to traditional subject and object position.
12. A′-position: A position that does not take a Ө-role. Such as adjuncts position and specifier position of CP
13. Scrambling
14. Conceptual-intentional
15. Articulatory-perceptual
16. Occam’s Razor
17. Attract Closest Principal: According to this principle, which is assumed to attract a   particular type of structure, attracts the closest possible structure of that type.
18. Superiority condition
19. Deletion under identity

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Objective: Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative, gram-positive bacterium which is found in soil, water, decaying vegetables, raw milk, and contaminated dairies. Listeria monocytogenes causes listeriosis. Listeriosis is a zoonosis disease, which transfers from animals to humans by animal feces and contaminated dairies. Listeriosis causes the flu like disease or self-limited enteritis, but it leads to serious disease in elderlies, new-borns, pregnant women and immunocompromised persons. If pregnant women are infected by Listeria monocytogenes, the newborn probably will be miscarried, prematured or stillborn. For the importance of the bacteria on pregnant women’s and newborn’s health, there are so much concentration and studies on it. Culturing of the bacteria is so difficult and time-consuming and it needs at least 5 days to confirm. Our goal in this survey was to develop an PCR based molecular method for fast detection of the bacteria from the vaginal samples. Materials and Methods: In this survey 100 vaginal samples were examined. All of the samples were cultured and assayed with PCR method. Results: Among them, 7 samples for culture and 36 samples by PCR were positive for Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusion: In this study we showed that the PCR is a faster, more accurate and sensitive than culture method for the detection of Listeria monocytogenes in vaginal samples.

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Objective: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Aminoglycosides are potent bactericidal agents that are often used in combination with either a β-lactam or a glycopeptide, especially in the treatment of staphylococcal endocarditis. The main mechanism of aminoglycoside resistance in staphylococci is drug inactivation by cellular aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes. The main aim of the present study is determining the prevalence of ant(4′)-Ia gene encoding one of the most important aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and simultaneous detection of mecA gene responsible for methicillin resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus by Multiplex-PCR method. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 clinical S. aureus isolates were collected from Shariati and Baqiatollah hospitals in Tehran, then antibiotic susceptibility pattern of strains were determined by disk diffusion method using penicillin, oxacillin, vancomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, netilmicin and kanamycin disks, considering CLSI principles. Using agar dilution method the MIC for oxacillin, gentamicin, tobramycin and amikacin were also determined. In order to detect resistance genes, ant(4′)-Ia and mecA, two pairs of specific primers were used and their prevalence was determined by using a Multiplex-PCR method. Results: All strains were resistant to penicillin (100%) and after that the highest rate of resistance was observed against kanamycin (68%), tetracycline (61%), erythromycin (56%), tobramycin (53%), gentamicin (52%), amikacin and oxacillin (48%) and netilmicin (22%), respectively. All of the strains were also susceptible to vancomycin. In agar dilution method 50% of strains were oxacillin resistant and 49%, 45% and 51% of the strains showed resistance toward gentamicin, amikacin and tobramycin, respectively. Thirty-seven percent of the strains also showed high-level gentamicin resistance with MIC of ≥128µg/ml. In Multiplex-PCR method 53% of the strains possessed mecA gene and 58% of the strains were ant(4′)-Ia positive. Conclusion: Results obtained by phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic susceptibility determination tests show that there is a statistically meaningful relationship between methicillin resistance and aminoglycoside resistance in MRSA strains (P<0.05).

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The concept of linguistics is closely associated in contemporary literature with Reza Barahani and it comprises one of the most significant postmodern poetic movements. It emphasizes the importance of language over meaning and encapsulates poetry within the realm of language and linguistic forms. While this concept is linked to Barahani's name in terms of its foundations and poetic style, the principles and foundations of this theory can be traced in the postmodern poetry of other countries around the world. In Arabic poetry, the Lebanese modernist and surrealist poet Wadih Sa'adeh is a case worth investigating in this regard. The theoretical principles of the concept of linguistics were elucidated by Barahani, and the collection of poems "Khatab be Parvaneh-ha" (To the Butterflies) was composed and published by the poet under this theory. This article, using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to conduct a comparative study of the poems of Reza Barahani and the contemporary Lebanese poet Wadih Sa'adeh, relying on this theory, namely Barahani's theory of linguistics, to accurately and systematically explore the similarities and potential for critical analysis of the poems of a Lebanese poet with the concept of linguistics. This article has endeavored to uncover and reveal the extent of the two poets' attention to language and its formal, figurative, and purely linguistic features. The basis of the analysis is the American school of

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Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the major cause of septicemia and wound infection in burned patients. Immunotraphy is the best practical way for prevention and treatment of these infections. Flagella as one of the most important bacterial virulence factors has important role in attachment, motility, chemotaxis and TLR-5-dependent immune response so that it propounded as a vaccine candidate. Production of anti-flagellar antibodies and evaluation of its protective effects in burned induced infection of mice was the main aim of this study. Materials and Methods: In the first step, flagellar antigen prepared by ultra-centrifugation. Anti-flagellar antibodies produced in rabbit and its impurity separated by absorption technique. Specification of the obtained antibodies for flagellar antigen was investigated via agglutination test. After determination of LD50 in a known strain, different dilutions of anti-flagellar antibodies injected in burned mice for passive immunization. The rate of bacterial spread from burn site was determined by quantification assay of bacteria in skin and liver. In this study, clinical isolate and PA103 in addition to ATCC 27853 strain were used for agglutination test. Results: H-antiserum reduced mortality of burned mice challenged with ATCC 27853 strains about 80%. Counting of bacteria in the skin and liver showed that the number of bacteria in immunized mice, in contrast with control group, was significantly low. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that anti-flagellar antibodies of Pseudomonas can inhibit invasion of Pseudomonas and facilitate its opsonization, so these antibodies have protective effects in burned wound infections.

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Objective: Verotoxin is a member of Shiga toxin family. This family contains AB protein toxins with an enzymatic (A) and a binding (B) compartment. Cells that have receptor (Gb3) are sensitive to cytotoxic effects of toxin. It has been shown that various tumor cells have Gb3 receptor and are selectively sensitive to apoptotic effect of verotoxin. Studies on tumor cell lines and laboratory animals have shown antineoplastic and antiangiogenesis effects of this toxin. The aim of this study was comparison of cytotoxic effect of verotoxin 1 on two cell lines: Vero (gold standard for evaluation of cytotoxic effect of Verotoxin) and Raji (a cell of a cultured line of lymphoblastoid cells derived from a Human Burkitt's lymphoma patients). Materials and Methods: The toxigenic strain was cultured and the production of toxin was evaluated by reverse passive latex agglutination test. Verotoxin 1 was purified by affinity chromatography. Vero and Raji cell were treated with serial dilutions of toxin, and viability was evaluated by MTT test. Results: Our result indicated that Verotoxin has cytotoxic effect on Raji cell lines. This effect is directly related to toxin concentration. Differences on cytotoxicity of toxin on Raji cells at 1:4-1:128 dilutions in relation to cytotoxicity of toxin on Vero cells at the same dilutions were considered statistically significant (P<0.05). But difference of cytotoxicity of toxin at higher dilutions was not significant. Conclusion: Our results revealed that Verotoxin has cytotoxicity on Vero and Raji cells, and this effect on Vero cells is more than Raji cells (P<0.05).

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Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were employed to determine the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from dry fruits of Carum copticum. Thymol (36.7%), -terpinene (36.5%) and -cymene (21.1%) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. The anti-bacterial activities of the oil were mainly investigated against food poisoning bacteria (Salmonella thyphimorium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Entero-pathogenic Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus) by broth microdilution and agar diffusion methods. The oil exhibited significant anti-bacterial activities against all the examined bacteria. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the oil of Ajowan is rich in monoterpenes and it may be used as a natural anti-bacterial agent in drug and food industries.

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This study aimed to produce a smart infection warning film based on chitosan and gum arabic containing anthocyanin (0.5, 0.75, and 1 g) as a wound infection warning. Chitosan/gum film was prepared in a ratio of 1:2 with different doses of anthocyanin pigment (0.5, 0.75, and 1 g), and the control sample was considered without anthocyanin. The prepared film was evaluated on Pseudomonas and Mannitol salt agar media. To evaluate the functional properties of the prepared film, the amount of moisture, solubility, thickness, and water absorption of the treatments were measured. The lowest and highest film moisture content were in the control treatment, and the treatment contained 0.75% anthocyanins, respectively. As the percentage of anthocyanin increased, the thickness and solubility of the samples decreased significantly. Regarding the water absorption test, the highest amount was related to the treatment containing 1% anthocyanin, and the lowest amount belonged to the control treatment. To evaluate the effect of chitosan or gum film containing anthocyanin on the culture medium when the bacteria were well grown, chitosan or gum biofilms containing different concentrations of anthocyanin were cut to 1.1 cm and cut into It was placed on the culture medium for 60 minutes, and the color change of the films was checked with a colorimeter. The highest rate of color change of films in culture medium containing Pseudomonas aeruginosa was obtained in the treatment containing 0.5%; however, in the case of Pseudomonas aureus, the highest color change was observed in the treatment containing 1%. Finally, the best film in terms of physical characteristics is the 1% treatment, and in terms of color change in response to the growth of Pseudomonas, it is 0.5%, and for Staphylococcus aureus, it is 1%.

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Objective: Escherichia coli is the most prevalent etiologic agent of urinary tract infections which is the cause of about 80% of cases. Enzymatic inactivation of aminoglycosides by aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes is the main mechanism of resistance to these antibiotics in Escherichia coli. The aim of this study was the detection of aac(3)-IIa gene among aminoglycoside resistant clinical isolates of E. coli using PCR method. Materials and Methods: After collection of 250 clinical isolates of E. coli, antibiotic susceptibility patterns of isolates were determined by disk diffusion method for gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin, kanamycin and netilmicin by considering the CLSI principles. Chromosomal and plasmid DNA of the isolates were extracted using DNA extraction Kits and PCR method was used for detection of the aac(3)-IIa gene. Results: Results show that 96% of E. coli isolates were resistant to tobramycin, 90% resistant to kanamycin, 82% resistant to gentamicin, 30% resistant to netilmicin and 8% resistant to amikacin. aac(3)-IIa gene was detected in 54.83% of E. coli isolates. Conclusion: Because of high prevalence of resistance toward aminoglycoside antibiotics which is due to its transfer among bacteria by transferable elements such as transposons and plasmids. Therefor, tracing transfer routs among different bacteria is very important.