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Problem statement: In fact, urban streets as the most important part of the urban landscape structure, reflect the values ​​and socio-cultural relations of citizens and can well facilitate or influence the possibility of living in the city and social interactions. Therefore, moving towards vibrant urban spaces is even more necessary in cities, despite the dynamic and human-centered public spaces that provide the ground for the active presence of human beings in the environment. Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role of humanistic urban landscape in the vitality of Tabriz city streets from the perspective of citizens.
Methods: The research is descriptive-analytical with an applied purpose. Snowball method was used to determine the sample size. SPSS software and ANP method were used to analyze the data. Results: The results obtained from the final analysis of selected research spaces based on humanistic landscape components and quality of life show that the range of Shariati to Ghonga intersection with a normal weight of 0.498 is more consistent with the extracted qualities.
Conclusion: The final results of the weights showed that the highest average goes back to the criterion of biological urban elements and the views of the streets of Tabriz affect the perception of citizens and their interpretation and reading of the environment. Also, the results obtained from the final analysis of the selected spaces of the research based on the components of humanistic perspective and quality of vitality, are more in line with the extracted qualities.
 

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Ta̕̕ ziye is crystalized as lyric, melancholic and popular rituals on the occasion of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein (AS) and his companions in the desert of Karbala in the year 61 AH. In general Ta̕̕ ziye and Shabihe are used interchangeably provided they are to some extent different. By the evolution of these two popular types, satire and humor have been emerged in Shabihhe. Also, it has been appeared a kind of educational –dramatic genre which was tragic, funny and was called ridiculous Ta̕̕ ziye as well. Ashqya humiliation, relief and scorn of Shiite mourning and mockery of symbols of power are among the functions of satire and humor in Ta̕̕ ziye. Some features of satire and humor language in Ta̕̕ ziye and Shabihe are: Antonymy ,  exaggeration , zooming out and colloquial form of everyday language. By adopting a descriptive – analytical research methodology, this study by reviewing the related literature tries to show that satirical expression and its techniques are widely used in dramatic works. 

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Backgrounds: SARS-COV-2 infection is not always correlated with protection. Antibody seroprevalence in unvaccinated individuals, which is usually measured by N-specific antibodies, is not necessarily correlated with protection, while antibodies against S protein show a better correlation with protection due to its neutralizing epitopes. In this study, we tried to improve our conception of the hidden perspective of SARS-COV-2 in epidemiological reports and investigate anti-S antibody prevalence among anti-N antibody-positive asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic patients.
Materials & Methods: Blood samples were collected from asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic volunteer participants and symptomatic hospitalized patients with negative PCR results from May 30 to June 17, 2020. Detection of SARS-COV-2 antibodies was done using an ELISA kit targeting N or S protein.
Findings: Totally, 716 samples from volunteer participants and 81 samples from symptomatic hospitalized patients with negative PCR results were evaluated. The test performance-adjusted seroprevalence (95% CI) of SARS-COV-2 antibody was 17.3% (8.8-25.8%) for anti-N IgG in volunteers and 25.5% (12.8-39.7%) for anti-N and anti-S IgM in hospitalized patients. Among anti-N IgG positive infected individuals, 49.2% (21.4 and 78.8%) were anti-S antibody positive.
Conclusion: The results showed that SARS-COV-2 infection sometimes occurs in individuals without symptoms or with mild symptoms, but in more than half of them, the produced antibody is not protective. The findings of hospitalized patients showed that the combination of IgM assay with real-time PCR improved the disease diagnosis by more than 25% in cases with negative molecular test results.

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Politics is specifying the will of the state - which is the subject of politics science- and the Public Administration is implementing the will of state- which is the subject of Public Administration. These two have interaction. The Public Administration is a infrastructure for implementing the will of state and politics specify the structure of Public Administration. Analyzing one of them must be along with the other. One of the subjects that related to them is delegation of power. According to the rate of delegation of power, the methods of managing the Public administration are as following: centralized, concentrated, decentralized, federal and confederation. Federalism (that in this article is synonym to Administrative Federalism) is the subject of this article. In this article, at first definitions, related concepts, strengths and weaknesses of the Administrative Federalism, and the origins and circumstances necessary for the implementior of Administrative Federalism were explained and a kind of comparative study is rendered. Furthermore, the history and present status of centralization and decentralization in public administration in Iran were analyzed. Then, the possibility of implementing of Administrative Federalism in Iran was analyzed. Finally, the model of implementing Administrative Federalism in Iran was suggested.

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Background: The use of plant extracts or their compounds as antimicrobial agents for oral infections worldwide represents that herbal medicines could be used as an effective alternative method in oral health care. This study aimed to evaluate the antifungal and antibacterial effects of five traditional medicinal plant extracts on standard and clinical strains of bacteria and fungi causing dental caries.
Materials & Methods: Aqueous and methanolic extracts of Zataria multiflora, Lawsonia alba, Zizyphus spina-christi, Myrtus communis, and Citrus aurantium were prepared using maceration method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) of the prepared extracts were evaluated against bacterial (Streptococcus sanguinis and S. mutans) and fungal (Candida albicans, C. krusei, and C. tropicalis) isolates using broth microdilution method.  
Findings: Aqueous extracts of the studied plants showed no antimicrobial effects on the studied microorganisms, except M. communis and C. aurantium. The results indicated the antimicrobial potency of the methanolic extract of M. communis (MIC range =2 to 64 µg/mL) against all the studied microorganisms, followed by Z. multiflora (MIC range = 512-2048 µg/mL), L. alba (MIC range = 1024-2048 µg/mL), C. aurantium (MIC range = 1024-4096 µg/mL), and Z. spina-christi (MIC range=2048- ˃4096 μg/mL).  Also, the lowest MMCs against the studied strains were related to the methanolic extract of M. communis (MMC range = 16-512 µg/mL).
Conclusion: The results showed remarkable antimicrobial effects of M. communis extract, which could be a suitable alternative to chemical mouthwashes to prevent and control oral infections. 

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Objectives: Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominant predisposition to colon cancer. This hereditary genetic disease is characterized by more than 100 adenomatous polyps in colon and rectum. Additional features may include desmoids tumors, polyps in the upper gastrointestinal tract, osteomas and Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium (CHRPE). A mutation in APC (Adenomatous Polyposis Coli) is found in the majority of cases. Mutation detection and genetic analysis of APC in this syndrome is highly recommended as the penetrance is almost 100% by 40 years of age. The APC gene expanding on 5q21-q22 has 15 exons and has an ORF with 8538 nucleotides which codes a protein with 2843 amino acids. Materials and Methods: 5 families among 150 families were selected according to accepted diagnosis criteria of FAP. CSGE (Conformation Sensitive Gel Electrophoresis) technique for the first time was set up to screen mutations in all 15 exons of APC gene by this technique. Direct sequencing was used as gold standard to confirm CSGE results. Results: CSGE analysis showed electrophoresis migration anomalies and heteroduplex formation in exon 15 of APC in all patients. Further analysis by direct sequencing characterized these heteroduplexes as deleterious mutations. These mutations can be classified as non sense, frame shift and deletion. Conclusion: For the first time, CSGE technique was set up for mutation screening of coding and some parts of non coding regions of APC. In comparison with other screening methods, this technique has many advantages so it can be used in routine clinical laboratories. As mutation detection in APC is laborious, needs high tech technology and is expensive, finding sensitive and cost effective mutation screening technique would have direct positive effect on clinical management of families with familial susceptibility to colon cancer.

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An updated checklist of the hoverflies including distribution and seasonal occurence data of known species in Nepal is presented. The list is based on all available published literature on taxonomy, biodiversity, ecology, and biological aspects of the syrphid fauna of Nepal up to 2023. A total of 205 species from three subfamilies and 63 genera are known to occur in Nepal. Among the three subfamilies, Eristalinae shares maximum species (111 species, 54%), followed by Syrphinae (90 species, 44%), and Microdontinae (four species, 2%). is presented. Among these, 48 (23%) species are recorded in Nepal only. The distribution of known hoverfly species in the country is not uniform, with the Bagmati (82 species) and Koshi (75 species) provinces having the greatest number of species, while the Madhesh (four species) and Lumbini (one species) provinces having the lowest records. The highest number of species are recorded in May (51 species), followed by July (50 species) and June (48 species). Winter season records are relatively low, and distribution data are still incomplete for some sites. Based on the present review, comprehensive and systematic sampling across the entire country is necessary for further exploration of Nepal's hoverfly fauna.

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The ecological aspects, distribution, and possible conservation of a syrphid hoverfly, Axona chalcopyga (Wiedemann, 1839) is poorly known due to their rare records. Three female individuals of A. chalcopyga were discovered in the Gelam forests of Terengganu state, which is the first record in Peninsular Malaysia. Here, we provided a pictorial description of the female. We also noted the functional role of the hoverfly as a potential pollinator candidate for the Gelam trees by visiting its flowers.

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Objective: Mycoplasma salivarium (M. salivarium) isone of the most common contaminants present in cell culture laboratories that cause undesirable effects on cell cultures. Thus, the identification and rapid diagnosis in controlling and prevention of this contaminant are important. The aim of this study is the detection of Mycoplasma salivarium contamination in cell culture using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Methods: A 16S rRNA-based Mycoplasma genus and specific primer PCR method for M. salivarium was developed. The sensitivity and specificity of this method were determined. The PCR test was used after we extracted DNA from the cultured isolates. Results: A total of 62 cell culture samples were sent to the Mycoplasma Reference Laboratory at Razi Institute, Karaj, Iran for detection of Mycoplasma contamination. A total of 42 (67.75%) out of 62 samples scored positive according to the Mycoplasma genus. From these 42 samples, 15 (35.72%) reacted positively with a clear band of 434 bp in the M. Salivarium-specific PCR method. Conclusion: Due to the high percentage of M. salivarium contamination in cell cultures, we recommend aseptic conditions be used in the laboratory when working with cell cultures. The PCR method is a suitable and valuable tool for the detection of M. salivarium contamination in cell cultures with appropriate and specific primers. This PCR method can be processed in less than one day.

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         Infanticide is an old phenomenon, which is prevalent in various forms within the human societies. In the past, infants were buried alive because of marriage and feeding costs, and some other reasons. Today, it occurs in several forms as asphyxiating/strangulation, drowning, and withdrawal of food and water. It is often committed at homes or by persons who are familiar with the infants. There is an overlap between infanticide and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Infanticide has many causes, including when husband casts doubt upon the belonging of infant to himself. Some countries (as England) have an Infanticide Act, but other countries (including Iran) apply the provisions of murder to infanticide cases. In addition to above issues and according to a comparative perspective, the present article explores the approach of other countries, which provides special provisions on infanticide. It also concludes that harmonization of Iranian legal provisions to the comparative standards relating to protection of infants (particularly by criminalizing infanticide) seems to be necessary.                
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the image processing technique in rice blast disease detection in field and controlled conditions. Using MATLAB software, images taken from field and controlled conditions were processed in three RGB, HSI and LAB color spaces. Then it was extracted by the gray area intensity profile, color properties, and threshold value for background image removal. After removing background in RGB, HSI and LAB color spaces, disease spots on rice leaf were determined. In RGB color space, by subtracting arrays by test and error, the blast patches on the leaf were separated from the rest of the image pixels. Hue was used in the HSI color space because this component was independent of light intensity variations, so blast blot identification was performed more accurately than the S and I components. In the LAB color space, the Kmeans clustering algorithm was used to segment the images into three clusters and was displayed in an independent cluster after labeling the image of blast disease spots. Finally, in order to determine the performance of the algorithms designed in three color spaces, the sensitivity factor, specificity and total accuracy were tested on the basis of the perturbation matrix for 500 image samples. In field and controlled conditions, the highest accuracy in detecting blast blots in the LAB color space was 94% and 98%, respectively. Overall, the results showed that the image processing method can be used to detect rice blast disease.

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Plant pests and diseases are categorized as one major group threatening to food security. In large farms, accurate and timely human diagnosis is not possible due to time consuming and possible misdiagnosis. Therefore, for immediate, automatic, appropriate and accurate detection of agricultural pests, the use of image processing and artificial intelligence, including deep learning can be very useful. In this study, convolutional neural network models have been developed to identify three common citrus pests in northern Iran such as citrus leafminer, sooty mold and pulvinaria using images of infected leaves, through deep learning methods. For this purpose, Resnet50 and VGG16 architectures are trained as well-known convolutional neural networks, applying the transfer learning method on 1774 images of infected citrus leaves, accumulated from natural and field conditions. In the training phase, data augmentation is used to increase the number of training samples, and to improve the generalizability of the classifiers. For experimental analysis, cross validation strategy is used to evaluate the accuracy of the convolutional neural network. In this strategy, all images are tested without any overlap between training and test sets. Based on the results, the accuracies of Resnet 50 and VGG 16 models are evaluated as 96.05 and 89.34%, respectively. Hence, the Resnet 50 model can convert the above method into a very suitable early warning or consulting system.
 

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 Deferred sentence, as a form of community punishment, is an aspect of participatory crime policy and crime control according to which a sentence will not be carried out if the convicted criminal meets certain requirements, such as complying with the conditions of probation. The finality of deferred sentence order depends on whether the court satisfies to comply with the requirements by the criminal or not, which may result to the sentence or punishment. The present article explores the provisions of deferred sentence in the Islamic Penal Code of Iran in the light of a comparative approach to three European legal systems (French, England and Germany) to find similarities and differences between the provisions in question. The article concludes that all provisions in Iran and the mentioned countries seek to meet the necessities of rehabilitative and reparative purposes of criminal sanctions for both offenders and victims.  

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One of the most important necessities that victimology requires at least within criminal sciences is to create a general theory describing and explaining all concepts, theories and hypotheses which may be used in this scientific sphere. The present article seeks to introduce such a theory, using key terminologies formed the literature and content of victimology from beginning of its emergence since mid of the twentieth century. The new discipline of criminal sciences that I argue in this article has emerged in the light of two criminological and legal approaches. The work of the victimology theory is to incorporating these approaches into a unified field of study which is based upon three key concepts: active personality of victim, nature of victimhood/victimization and passivity of victim. In my final considerations, I conclude that the victimology theory can have virtues and advantages including in criminal etiology, preventing victimization and offending and overall formulating a better criminal policy and criminal justice system in practice.

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The palm tree in its mythical nature is one of the Mesopotamian and Elamite vegetable gods, whose traces of its alien nature in human incarnation and its transformation have been left in the beliefs and customs of the people of southern Iran in relation to the myths of creation and fertility. The mythical history of the date palm in terms of anthropology is similar to most of the traditions and popular beliefs of the people of the south, and has led to beliefs such as the creation of the palm from human palm and knowing the palm tree as a companion in the south. The sanctity of the palm and beliefs such as that the palm has organs and conditions like human beings and rituals such as marriage, the dramatic threat and sacrifice of the palm, etc. are rooted in the myths of birth and fertility. The process of characterization of the people of the South from the palm tree in terms of the cycle of death and life and resurrection to the goddess of fertility, complement each other and express the perception of the cosmic position of the female force in the universe. This article is a descriptive-analytical field and library study to analyze the myths related to creation and fertility in the folk beliefs of the people of the south about the date palm based on the people of Jahrom and its mythological elements in customs and beliefs such as: birth and sanctity of palms. It has shown fertility, love, madness, death and the coffin of the palm tree.