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Urban growth boundaries are considered one of the key tools for controlling and managing the physical development of metropolitan areas. Uncontrolled and unplanned expansion in these regions has become a major challenge for urban and regional planners and managers, as this process leads to the destruction of agricultural lands and natural resources. The aim of this research is to simulate and assess future changes in growth boundaries in the Isfahan metropolitan area with the goal of preserving environmental resources and controlling physical expansion. In this regard, by adopting a positivist approach that follows an analytical and measurement-driven process, satellite imagery was utilized to assess changes in the physical expansion of the Isfahan metropolitan area. Artificial neural networks and machine learning algorithms were employed to predict the extent of future physical growth, and the projected growth boundaries were delineated. The research findings indicate that the Isfahan metropolitan area has experienced significant uncontrolled expansion, particularly in terms of physical development, over recent decades, and the reduction of agricultural and natural lands has become one of its major challenges. Based on the conducted simulations, the proposed growth boundaries can serve as an effective tool for managing and planning urban-regional development and preventing further degradation of natural resources and lands.

 

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Background and Objectives:HBV and HTLV-I are life threatening infectious agents in patients who receive blood and blood products. Although serological methods have been proved to be useful, detection of these viruses has remained a challengingissue due to the many obstacles. By the advent of Nucleic Acid Testing methods, especially in multiplex format, more precise detection is possible.The objective of this study was to develop a reliable, rapid and cost- effective method tosimultaneously detect HBV and HTLV-I. Materials and Methods: We have developed a multiplex Real time-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of HBV and HTLV-I. Primer sets were designed for highly conserved regions of genome of each virus. Using these primers and standard plasmids, we determined the limit of detection, clinical and analytical specificity and sensitivity of the assay. Monoplex and multiplex Real-time PCRs were performed. Results: Analytical sensitivity was considered to be 1000 and 100 copies/ml for HBV and HTLV-I, respectively. High concentration of one virus had no adverse effect on detection of t low concentrations of the other one. By analyzing 30 samples, clinical sensitivity of the assay was determined to be 87% and 96% for HBV and HTLV-I, respectively. Using different viral and human genome samples, the specificity of the assay was verified to be 100%. Conclusions:We have developed a reliable, rapid and cost effective method tosimultaneously detect HBV and HTLV-I.Our results indicatedthe high capability of this simple and rapid method for detecting these viruses in clinical samples.

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Recently the previous Caspian ecosystem is in a catastrophic condition which caused changes in the absolute and relative abundance of the commercially important Caspian kutum (Rutilus frisii kutum) in Iranian waters. The paper presents estimates of yield-per-recruit and spawning biomass-per-recruit under various harvest strategies of F_max, F_0.1, F_30%. It proposes a method for estimating acceptable biological catch (ABC) that accounts for large differences in the quality and quantity of information and available data. The current average Y/R (with F=0.61/y, and t_c=3.2 y) was 218.3 g per recruit, which indicates that the fishery is operating below the maximum Y/R at 236.9 g when t_c = 3.5 y. The Y/R was the highest at F_max and F_0.1, when t_c = 4 y (244.8 g and 214.2 g), respectively. The F_30% value was 0.85/y at t_c of 4 y with the SB/R of 338.3 g. The F_current (0.61/y at current t_c is 3.2 y) is higher than the corresponding reference points, F_0.1 (0.47/y) and F_30% (0.46/y). The ABC of kutum was estimated at 7,850 mt in 2009-2010.

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Background: Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii are of greatest concern for hospitalized patients, particularly those in intensive care units (ICUs). The aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of integrons and biofilm formation among P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii isolates collected from ICU and non-ICU inpatients.
Materials and Methods: A total of 90 P. aeruginosa and 90 A. baumannii isolates were recovered from patients admitted into diverse units of Shahid Mohammadi hospital in Bandar Abbas from January to December 2014. Bacterial identification was carried out by phenotypic methods and PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility was measured by disk diffusion assay. The presence of Class 1, 2, and 3 integrons were evaluated by multiplex-PCR. Biofilm quantification was done by microtiter method.
Results: The highest number of isolates (48%) were recovered from ICU patients. 81% of P. aeruginosa isolateswere sensitive to piperacillin/tazobactam and ticarcillin, while 60% were resistant to third generation of cephalosporins. In case of A. baumannii, all the isolates were sensitive to colistin, but 98% were resistant to other antibiotics (p≤0.05). Susceptibility to ceftazidime, ticarcillin, imipenem, and piperacillin/tazobactam were higher among isolates obtained from non-ICU patients. Class 1 integron was detected in 13.3% of the P. aeruginosa and 40% of the A. baumannii isolates, while Class 2 integron was harbored by 7 and 6.6% of the isolates, respectively. Furthermore, 23% of the A. baumannii and 12% of the P. aeruginosa isolates showed strong biofilm activity.
Conclusion: Class 1 integron-positive isolates were resistant to three classes of antibiotics and predominantly observed in specimens collected from ICU patients showing strong biofilm.

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The probiotic effects of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger on the feeding efficiency, body composition, ammonia excretion, blood serum enzymes and the intestinal microbiota of juvenile beluga, Huso huso was investigated. The fish (31.8±2.81g) were randomly allocated into 12 oval tanks at a density of 30 individuals per tank with three replicates for each treatment,. The fish were fed either a basal diet (as control) or the diet supplemented with S. cerevisiae and A. niger (2×10⁶, 4×10⁶ and 6×10⁶ cells g^-1) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the probiotic supplemented diet at 6×10⁶ (cells g^-1) significantly improved FCR and other nutritional indicators compared to the control treatment (p<0.05). Significant improvements (p<0.05) were also observed in ammonia excretion and blood serum enzymes between treatments. Total viable fungus and Lactobacillus spp. count were significantly improved in treatment compared to control (p<0.05). These results indicated that S. cerevisiae and A. niger improved feeding performance and blood serum enzymes of beluga.

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In a completely randomized design, the effects of two probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis and B. lactis at four concentrations of 0 (control), 1×10⁹ (T1), 2×10⁹ (T2) and 3×10⁹ (T3) CFU 100g^-1 on nutritional parameters of rainbow trout fry (0.538 ± 0.197 g body weight) were compared for 60 days, with each treatment carried in three replications. A significant difference was observed between treatments and the control in protein and lipid gain and also body composition (p<0.05). Despite a significant difference of metabolic growth rate in T1 and T2 with T3 and the control, no significant difference was observed between T3 and the control. The results demonstrated that the use of thesebacteria could improve nutritional parameters and metabolic growth rate of rainbow trout fry.

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Zakaria Tamer, a Syrian writer, has been a leading writer of short stories. He has written his stories in an organized structure and a coherent way. All of his stories’ elements and components bring about movement and effort in order to send a specific message. “Wajh al-Qamar” is one of his stories in which he puts all elements together in a linear way to convey the message of defending Orient women who have been humiliated previously. To better understand the main message of the story, its analysis based on syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes makes a significant contribution to the transfer of message. Paradigmatic relation enables the writer to select among the words collection, those words which fit the structure, and the selected words will be put together in a vertical linear direction to create a new written composition. Its paradigmatic value is understood by the fact that Samiha means merciful (dedicator) and all Orinet women have dedicated their whole bodies to men. In syntagmatic axis, the relationship between phrases and their composition is investigated along a horizontal line, when they are put together, the story’s direction moves forward. The characteristics, which have been put together, have a clear meaning separately, but they will convey a symbolic meaning when used together like the syntagmatic of lemon tree with a mad man’s sigh, which refers to the creation of a distance between Samiha’s childhood and thereafter.

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Abstract This study is based on discourse of Chehel Nameye Kutah Be Hamsaram [Forty Short Letters to my Wife], by Nader Ebrahimi according to semiotics. In this thought, the relation between sign and meaning are considered together. Neither the sign nor the meaning can be effective. Therefore, both meaning and sign are pale without eachother. In this research, we are not just dealt with a single sign, but with the interaction of signs in a systematic way for continuityof signification. So the discourse system of this work is dynamic rather than static. We have considered the survey of continuity of signification in this research. According to the hypothesis the continuity of meaning depends on the memorial, intervening, and the corpus procedures of the sign.. The results show that continuity of signification most of all depends on the perceptive structure, after that the tensive, emotional, cultural and aesthetics procedures are the effective factors.

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Today, the ethical leadership has important effect on performance of knowledge-based organizations. On the other hand, organizational identification and organizational trust as mediator variables facilitate the relationship between ethical leadership and performance of organizations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of ethical leadership on task performance and organizational creativity with mediating role of organizational identification and organizational trust. The participants consisted of 204 employees of Jahad Agricultural Organization of Khuzestan that were selected by stratified random sampling method. The instruments that were used in this study include: Ethical leadership questionnaire of Brown, Treviño, & Harrison (2005), job performance scale of Williams & Anderson (1991), organizational identification scale of Kreiner & Ashforth (2004), organizational trust Questionnaire of Schoorman & Ballinger (2006), and organizational creativity scale of Ganesan and Weitz (2004). Fitness of the proposed model and indirect effects was examined through structural equation modeling and bootstrap procedure. Findings indicated that the proposed model fit the data properly. The results also indicated that ethical leadership directly and with mediating role of organizational identification and organizational trust had impact on task performance, and also with mediating role of organizational identification had impact on organizational creativity. This research suggests that there need to provide conditions to promote ethical leadership, organizational identification and organizational trust to increase task performance and organizational creativity.

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In a completely randomized experiment, the effect of Daphnia magna meal on growth performance and carcass composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) larvae (body weight 0.538±0.197 g) was evaluated for a period of 60 days. Five diets with the same protein content (crude protein 52.70%) were prepared, including two diets containing fermented daphnia meal T₁ (20%), T₂ (30%), two diets containing raw meal T₃ (20%) and T₄ (30%), and a basal diet without daphnia meal as the control. The bacterial species used for fermenting included five commercial probiotic species. Fermented daphnia meal brought about significantly higher growth and the lowest feed conversion ratios, viz. T₁ (1.27 ± 0.35) and T₂ (1.31 ± 0.46), in comparison with T₃ (1.38 ± 0.37), T₄ (1.41 ± 0.42) and the control (1.84 ± 0.69) (p<0.05). The result of carcass composition analyzes showed that the highest protein percentage (68.23 ± 0.48%) was in T₂ and the highest percentage of fat and energy (11.26 ± 0.50% , 4761.63 ±48.88 Cal g^-1) were in T₄ (p<0.05). The overall results of this experiment indicated that daphnia could be considered as a suitable partial protein source in rainbow trout larval feed.

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Sassanid reign, as one of the most powerful Iranian dynasties, lasted for over four centuries before the Arab Moslems’ attack to Iran. The great Sassanid government managed to convert the Feudal Iran of Parthian era into a united and strong country thanks to its central government and Zoroastrianism nationalism; this not only recreated political power but also hugely revolutionized the cultural and social issues in Iran. However, different factors, after a while, led to the gradual weakness and suppression of this dynasty before the Arab Moslems’ attack. In this research, auditing the historians of all these four centuries of the early Islamic era including Abou- HanifehDinvari, Yaghoubi, Masoudi, Tabari, and EbneMoskouyeh exactly and from all aspects, many attempts have been made to figure out and analyze the reasons of this gradual weakness and overthrown of Sassanid Reign the emnloying a historical-descriptive method. The results of this research reveal that in the view of the historians of all these four centuries of the early Islamic era, the following factors were the most crucial reasons of Sassanid’s downfall and defeat before the Arab Moslems: religious prejudice, high position of Zoroastrian clergymen, well-borns’ increasing power, massacre of the royal family by Shirouyeh, the last Sassanid kings’ lack of authority, a military coup against the kings, long exhausting overseas battles, especially the constant wars against the Rome Empires, toppling the Ale-Lakhm by KhosrouParviz, economic pressures on people and heavy taxes, natural disasters like the Tigris and Euphrates rivers bursting their banks, and hidden helps.

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Backgrounds: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is considered as a global health challenge, and Iran is among the top ten countries with the highest mortality rate. This study aimed to analyze epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infected patients and identify the risk factors of mortality among them to facilitate the prioritization of resources and vaccine allocation in the population using data available in a large university hospital in Tehran, Iran.
Materials & Methods: From February 20 to May 14, 2020, a total of 684 COVID-19 confirmed cases were admitted to Imam Hossein University hospital in Tehran and enrolled in this retrospective observational study.
Findings: The mean age of the participants was 59.48±16.65 years, and 55.8% were male. Compared to survivors, non-survivors (n=127, 18.57%) were older (69.09±14.16 vs. 57.29±16.40), had higher average number of comorbidities, and more frequently suffered from dyspnea, convulsion, loss of consciousness (LOC), tachycardia, tachypnea, and hypoxia. They also had higher levels of leukocytes, neutrophil count, C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), international normalized ratio (INR), prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT), urea, and serum creatinine (p<.05). Serum potassium (K), lymphocyte count, hemoglobin, HCO3, and serum sodium (Na) were significantly lower in non-survivors. Multivariable logistic regression analysis results revealed that nine variables were positively associated with mortality.
Conclusion: Among COVID-19 patients admitted to the hospital, having more than two or three comorbidities, loss of consciousness, SpO2 < 90%, increased CRP, CPK, urea, and serum potassium, were associated with mortality.

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Today, branding and brand management have much interest in the world of marketing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between brand satisfaction and customer repurchase intention. In this regards, two factors that may influence this relationship has been reviewed. These factors are, consumer lifestyle and hedonic values which has the moderating role in this research. The statistical population of this study is composed of consumers of Home appliances industries in Tehran. Based on the Cochran formula 413 individuals have been considered as the statistical sample. For data collection the standard questionnaires were applied. The validity of the final Questionnaire was tested and the needed corrections were done. To test the reliability, the Cronbach was applied and the result is shown that the questionnaire is reliable. The collected data have been analyzed using SPSS 22 and smart pls 2 software. As the results show, brand satisfaction affect repurchase intention positively. Moreover lifestyle as a positive effect on the relationship between brand satisfaction and repurchase intention. Besides, hedonic value has a weak influence on this relation.

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Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the hematological parameters in Cyprinus carpio juvenile feeding of Basilli sp. probiotics in the condition of before and after long distance transports.
Materials & Methods: In this experimental research, 180 carp juvenile were stocked in 2 tanks (capacity 400-L) for 45 days. Fish juvenile in one tank was feeding with multi-strain probiotic (Protexin) were used at a concentration of 1×10⁷ CFU/ liter and fish in the other tank was not consumed probiotic. At the end of the feeding trial, the carp juvenile from both treatments randomly were packed in plastic bags (40-L) at the density of 1kg/bag (~20 fish/bag). The juvenile feeding previously from probiotic were packed in 2 treatments with/or without of NaCl in water. Also, the juvenile feed of the control tank was packed in bags as the control. The bags unpacked after 12h and blood samples were taken from 10 fish in each replicate and hematological parameters were compared among the groups.
Findings: Results indicate that WBC, Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC and leukocytes differential count are affected by after transport stress and before the catching (p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in the amounts of RBC and hemoglobin in experimental treatments (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Based on the results, finding of this study indicated that feeding of common carp juvenile with Basilli sp. probiotics had positive effects on blood parameters after long-distance transportation in plastic baggage, thereby if used in diet, it can be good alternatives to salt.

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Backgrounds: Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic parasite of increasing concern to humans and animals. Considering the side effects of drugs used to treat toxoplasmosis, it is essential to find alternative drugs.
Materials & Methods: In this study, colchicine and propranolol at four concentrations (1, 5, 10, and 15 µg/mL) were added to the RPMI medium containing peritoneal macrophages and incubated for 60 min, Then tachyzoites were added to the medium, and the efficacy rates of colchicine and propranolol in inhibiting tachyzoites entry into macrophages were evaluated after 30 and 60 min. For in vivo assay, one group received no drugs, and the second group was treated with colchicine and propranolol at different concentrations for different durations.
Findings: The in vitro experiment showed that treatment with 15 mg/mL of colchicine and propranolol for 60 min following tachyzoites addition was the most efficient method to inhibit tachyzoites penetration, indicating the efficacy rates of 80.20%±1.20 and 89.97%±1.30, respectively (p< .05). Based on the in vivo test, pretreatment with 2 mg/kg of colchicine one hour before tachyzoites injection had the best inhibitory effect (70.32%±4.07). Also, pretreatment with 2 mg/kg of propranolol 90 min before tachyzoites injection (78.54%±1.99) induced the best inhibitory effect (p< .05).
Conclusion: According to the results, colchicine and propranolol could inhibit tachyzoites entrance into nucleated cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the most efficient concentrations and times for using these substances were determined.
 

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Aims: The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of three commercial prebiotics A-Max, Celmanax and Ultra (each of 0.5, 1 and 1.5 g/kg diets) on growth, feed performance and blood biochemical compounds of beluga juvenile.
Materials & Methods: 900 fish with average weight of 21.5± 0.89 gr feeding was performed in 9 treatments (which on with three replicate) for 60 days. Control treatment was without supplementation. Fish were fed to satiation triple daily of 5% body weight. At the end of this period, the feed and growth performance were measured.
Findings: There was a significantly higher final body weight in ultra 0.5 (90.00± 21.78 g) compared with control (37.50± 9.60 g). The highest and lowest of food conversion were in treatments control and ultra (0.5), respectively. The results showed that the highest Fat and protein efficiency ratio was obtained in Ultra 0.5 (2.19± 0.77 and 7.37± 2.60) and lowest in control. Generally, the best treatments were in groups: Celmanax (dose of 0.5), A-Max (dose of 1.5) and Ultra (0.5). In addition, after determining the proper dose, blood samples were collected fish in the above-mentioned treatments. Based on the results of blood biochemistry parameters, there were no significant difference AST, ALP and ALT activity, so that the highest amount was obtained in the control. There were no significant differences in protein and cortisol experiment groups.
Conclusion: The results showed that the use of prebiotics in juvenile sturgeon diet has positive effects on feed performance and blood biochemical parameters.

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Critical realism,as a branch of the literary school of realism,seeks to convey objective and accurate experiences of reality to the reader by looking at the social problems of man in the new age,and to criticize the prevailing situation in society with a reformist attitude. Samuel Shimon In his first novel,“An Iraqi in Paris”,was able to gain a special place in the field of fiction in Arabic literature;Reza Ghasemi is one of the most prominent novelists of Persian literature that wrote the novel“Nocturnal Harmony”.Both novels reflect the realities of their society and the phenomenon of migration.The purpose of this study is investigate the harmful challenges of the migration phenomenon.In this research,by examining the components of immigration literature from the perspective of critical realism based on description and analysis in the context of the American comparative school, two novels are examined.The results of the research show:Doubt in the basis of insider culture and cultural contradiction in the novel"Nocturnal Harmony"is more prominent than the novel"An Iraqi in Paris" but this is manifested in both novels in the form of alienation.In both novels, critically reviewing the past,while criticizing the political and social conditions prevailing in their society,the way of teaching some religious and cultural teachings has also been criticized.The challenges of immigration are manifested in both novels in the form of disappearance,identity crisis, homelessness and insecurity,but the author has a positive view of the future in the novel"An Iraqi in Paris",but in the novel" Nocturnal Harmony"the authorchr('39')s view is hopeless.

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Aim The present study aimed to analyze the strategies based on natural resource potentials to improve the livelihood of rural households in Najafabad region of Kurdistan province using SWOT analysis.
Methods The statistical population of this study included experts and rural residents. The sample size was 337 rural residents and 51 experts based on Cochran formula and matching with Krejcie and Morgan table. The items of questionnaires designed as a rating scale based on the five options Likert. Reliability of questionnaires was determined by Cronbach's alpha that obtained 0.85 for rural residents and 0.82 for experts. SWOT model was used to determine strategies for improving the livelihood of rural households.
Findings According to the results, “natural potentials such as suitable rangelands for animal husbandry” and “the presence of local, committed and experienced manpower in the village” were determined as the most important strengths from the viewpoint of experts and rural residents, respectively. “Traditional use and exploitation of rangeland and agricultural lands” and “high unemployment rate and low income” were determined as the most important weaknesses from the viewpoint of experts and rural residents, with a relative weight of 86.27 and 86.62, respectively. “The existence of a favorable vision and serious effort for rural development in the country” and “providing credit facilities and low-interest loans” were the most important opportunities.
Conclusion A competitive strategy has been obtained for improving the livelihood of the studied region relying on teaching and planning new methods of exploiting water resources and planting drought-resistant species.

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The mythological analysis of the roles of the heroes in the stories reveals new facts about the human institution and its interests and aspirations. The heroine in the form of a mythical representation is one of the most important types of mythological cognition in ancient societies of maternal descent, which is of great value in historical, literary, psychological and mythological research. In this article, the importance of women and their special role in the formation of mythological narratives as well as its connection with the structures of nature, ie water, soil, plants and trees ... are criticized. The purpose of this study is to study, critique and analyze the mythology of the heroine in two mythical narratives of Tiamat, Marduk, Shahnavaz, Arnavaz and Fereydoun based on Raglen theory. In this article, the authors have tried to deal with the mythical critique and comparative interpretation of the archetype of the heroine in two mythological narratives "Tiamat-Marduk" and "Shahnaz-Arnavaz and Fereydoun" and also to point out the common connection between these two narratives with the structures of nature The following results indicate that in both narrations, the female heroes: Tiamat in the myths of Mesopotamia and Shahnaz and Arnavaz in the myths of Iran are the gods of water and in fact the eternal mothers from whom the creation of all living beings takes place. The role of the male god in the form of Fereydoun and Marduk has a lesser appearance. What is tangible and visible in both narrations