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I aim to explore whether there are similarities and differences between the ethical virtues and vices in Nahj al-Balāghah in terms of cognitive-linguistics and based on the image schemas of Evans and Green's Model piety, perseverance, expenditure are the ethical teachings, described in Nahj al-Balāghah, chosen and analyzed based on image schemas. And the vices described in Nahj al-Balāghah are Secularism, greed, and jealousy. Studying the descriptive-analytical approach, I investigate and compare the virtues and vices discussed in sermons and short sayings of Nahj al-Balāghah in terms of cognitive semantics. Finally, the findings reveal that the general types of image schemas of Evans and Green’s model (schemas of Force, Balance, Unity/ Multiplcity, Existence, Identity, Locomotion, Containment, Space) have almost similar frequencies for both the virtues and vices. Among all, the schemas of force are the most repetitive in virtues and vices. And the balance is on the second level. The research finding is significant because it shows the similarity of the virtues and vices in using the different types of schemas in Nahj al-Balāghah. Their main difference lies in the way of using the subsets of the general concepts.  
 

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The human experience is shaped through effective collaboration with forces. Johnson (1987) initially highlighted the significance of force schemas in conceptualizing events. Thus, this research seeks to explore this topic using a library-based approach, focusing on the force schemas presented in Johnson's cognitive semantics model and their application in Quranic verses related to infaq (almsgiving). In this inquiry, I seek to identify which force schemas are most commonly used in these verses and how they contribute to the understanding of the concept of infaq. In the analysis of the research data on the ethical concept of infaq in the Holy Quran, the concept of force image-schemas based on Johnson's model was used. The importance of the topic of infaq and the presence of force image-schemas in it were the reasons for choosing this ethical concept. In this regard, I examined the seven types of power in the context of infaq in the Holy Quran. The results showed that the force image-schema of obligation has the most frequency. In figurative language, the divine revelation's imperative and prohibitive commands, exert a pressure that functions as a force of compultion. After the force schema of compultion, the force schema of blockage has the highest frequency. In the Holy Quran, factors such as greed, hypocrisy, disbelief, and denial are introduced as obstacles to infaq. The force schema of "deviation from the path" does not exist in the interpretation of the verses of infaq.
 

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Life table of almond moth, Cadra cautella Walker was studied on four main dry and semi-dry date palm varieties (Deyri, Zahedi, Piarom, and Rabbi) of Iran under laboratory conditions. Data were analyzed based on the age-stage, two-sex life table theory. Duration of total preadult stages was 42.54, 45.79, 51.48 and 50.41 days on Deyri, Zahedi, Piarom, and Rabbi, respectively. The highest fecundity of female almond moth on date palm varieties was 245.29 eggs on Zahedi. The intrinsic rate of increase (r_m) on different varieties of date palm ranged from 0.069 d^-1 (on Piarom) to 0.105 d^-1 (on Deyri). The highest net reproductive rate (R₀) was on Deyri (95.81 offspring) and the lowest value was on Rabbi variety (42.37 offspring). Our results showed that the highest r_m, the largest fecundity and the shortest generation time of almond moth were observed on Deyri variety. It was concluded that among date palm varieties, Deyri was the most favorable host plant for almond moth reproduction performance.

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Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common cause of chronic infection in the human stomach. The infection has universe prevalence in all age groups. Probably, this bacterium is the cause of most common chronic bacterial infection in human beings and infects approximately half of the world population. H. pylori produces urease, an enzyme that degrades the urea in the stomach’s mucous to ammonia resulting in biochemical reaction that leads to increase in pH of the stomach lumen. This allows pathogenic intestinal protozoa to take the opportunity to cross through stomach’s increased pH and cause disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between H. pylori infection and prevalence of parasitic infection in patients in Ilam. Materials and Methods: Following stool samples collection during 2013 in patients with abdominal pain in Ilam, Iran. H. pylori infection was investigated based on stool antigen analysis (HPSA) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method in patients who had recurrent abdominal pain. Stool specimens were examined using the direct examination and the spontaneous sedimentation method for detecting the trophozoite and cyst of parasites. Results: In this study, we found 65 patients with H. pylori infection. Out of these 65 patients, the percentage of patients with positive results for Giardia lamblia was 30.7% and for Entamoebahistolytica/dispar was 12.3%. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that H. pylori infection may provide favorable conditions for giardiasis infection; however, this presumption needs further studies with larger sample size.

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In this study, 13 different biotypes of Praon exsoletum were investigated based on selected morphological characteristics. This species is specialized parasitoid of Therioaphistrifolii on alfalfa and clover. Traditional morphometric analysis was used to obtain three meristic and 15 continuous characters. The analysis of variance showed that P. exsoletumbiotypes differ in many morphometric traits. Moreover, all biotypes displayed their maximum differences in six morphological characters as follows:(1) number of antennal segments;(2) inter-tentorial/tentorio-ocular distance;(3) length/width of ovipositor sheath;(4) length/width of second flagellar segment; (5)length/width of third flagellar segment and (6) number of longitudinal placodes on second flagellar segment. The discriminant function analysis indicated45.23% of correct assignment of specimens to the a priori designated groups of specimens. The results indicated an overlapping of analyzed biotypes according to selected morphological characters. On the other hand, geometric morphometrics analysis applied on forewings, the size and the shape revealed statistically significant differences. Eleven homologous landmarks were selected. The ANOVA (p < 0.000) and MANOVA (P= 0.000) showed that there were significant differences in size and shape of forewings. Visualization of the distribution of individuals was presented using Principal component analysis and Canonical variate analysis. On whole, the result of this investigation showed that R1 and the radial veins (end of Rs and M) tend to be short. Furthermore, the USAbiotype introduced is positioned near all other analyzed biotypes of P. exsoletum. Among the selected morphological characters, four characters namely (1) length of wing/length of R1; (2) length of wing/length of stigma; (3) length of first/third flagellar segment and (4) width of first/third flagellar segment were first considered for morphometric study in Praon and P. exsoletum species. Our results showed lack of subspecies for P. exsoletum.

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Theme as the central thought and the main word of the artist is interpreted in the text and content. Theme is the main essence of literary work that illuminates the direction of thought and idea of its author. Couplet is one of the most pleasing Persian poetry forms with chiliad written history. Perhaps its oral history is even older. This form, along with the Persian traditional poetry, has grown in different languages of Iran. One of these languages, namely “Mazandarani” has a remarkable literature itself.In this article, the themes of two hundred folk couplets of Savadkouh (a city in Mazandaran) have been analyzed. The findings indicated that most of the themes are socially-oriented.the study analyzes seven themes in two-hundred couplets.the themes are: pain of love, sorrow of nostalgia, curse, complaints of young ladies for imposed marriages, as well as dissatisfaction with the fortune and luck, compulsory military service and the complaint of lover from beloved. Most of the couplets are monologues, which have been composed for the regret and reminiscence of the past days. Some of the important factors leading these couplets are analogy, rivalry, treason, financial poverty, illiteracy, hard work in strange lands, system of lord and vassal or mastery system, denial of other cultures, and cultural hybridity.

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SHAH BAJI lyric poem (MANZUMEH SHAH BAJI) is one of the most beautiful lyric poems of native literature of Mazandaran dated back to the late Qajar period and the first Pahlavi. The poem was composed by Mullah Khan Jan Heydari, a cattle rancher of LAFOUR (located on SHIRGAH, SAVADKOOH County). In terms of prosodic rhythmic structure, the poem can be read both in Hazaj or Mutaqarab meters. It depends on the narrators to decide to read the poem in any rhythm. Using formalist analysis, this study aims to find out how the components of formalism have been reflected in this lyric poem? The research results indicate that, among different kinds of deviations, the semantic deviation and its subtypes and time deviation have been more frequent than the others. Among different meters, lexical rhythm and its outstanding component namely Parallel Rhyming Prose (SAJ’ MOTEVAZI) are more seen in poem. The frequent repetition of long vowel /a:/ and the consonants like "r" , "l" , "m" and "n" in the poem, can be due to the more frequent use of these vowels and consonants in Mazandarani dialect to make rhymes.

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Abstract Various researches indicates that family businesses are short-timed and faced with challenges to their survival. Succession planning is one of the main challenges have posed by these companies. This paper reviews the process of succession planning and main factors affecting it. Therefore two independent variables (leadership style and employee maturity) are considered and hypothesized that they have direct relationship with the succession process in the family businesses. The statistical sample was included 45 family businesses working in Khorasan-e-Razavi and hypothesis have been tested using structural equation modeling and all of them were confirmed. Responders to the questionnaire were selected among senior managers and high talented employees who has the chance of being senior managers.  It has been suggested that senior executives in family businesses, firstly choose their leadership style in accordance with the maturity level of their employees and more importantly do the succession planning process.          

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Problem: A look at the history of the presence of art in public spaces shows that with the change of the paradigm of public art from artist-oriented art to the creation of society-oriented art and audience-oriented art, the choice of the type of public art and the environmental qualities affected by it appear more important. What threatens urban spaces today is the weak connection between the building components of a place, which cannot meet the needs of citizens.
Target: The current research aims to investigate the effect of visual art on environmental quality and tries to create the necessary environmental quality in the design of future urban spaces by experts.
Method: This research is developmental-applied in terms of type, and in terms of method, it has a nest-to-nest combination. To answer the research question, the qualitative research method is used in a nest-by-nest quantity. The statistical population is divided into two quantitative and qualitative parts. In the qualitative group of the statistical population, there were 14 experts who were selected by the snowball method. In the statistical population of quantitative research, the sample size is 180 people based on Cochran's formula and random sampling.
Result: The analysis of the results indicates that according to the results of multivariate regression, the component of visual richness with the value of (1.000) has the highest factor contribution, in the second order, the component of enjoying the environment with the value of (0.920) And the lowest is related to the component of improving the individual sense of belonging with the value (0.244). The special attention of urban designers regarding the structure of spaces and the use of extraction measures from the impact of visual arts components in urban spaces in different scales can increase the quality of urban environments.

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Hypothesis: The aim of this research was the investigation on kinetic of curing reaction of polyurethane binder based on hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (HTPB). This reaction is of particular interest in advanced polyurethane composite materials.
Methods: HTPB diol was dynamically cured using differential scanning calorimetery (DSC) at different heating rates (5, 10, 20 and 40° C/min) with curing agents of Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI) and Isophorone Diisocyanate (IPDI) in presence and absence of Dibutyltin Dilaurate (DBTDL) catalyst. Kinetic parameters were calculated using Kissinger, Ozawa and isoconversion models. Urethane formation and viscosity build-up during cure reaction was studied by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and rotational visocmetery (RV) methods.
Findings: Results showed that activation energy, enthalpy, progress and the rate of reaction were influenced by type of curing agent and the presence of catalyst. Kinetic models showed activation energy was reduced about 1 kJ/mol at each 0.05 unit increase in the degree of cure. The activation energy of HTPB-TDI-DBTDL binder system versus degree of cure was reduced slower in comparison to HTPB-IPDI-DBTDL binder system. Decrease in activation energy at degrees of cure higher than 90% was intensified as probable diffusion of low molecular weight molecules into polymer chains. Enthalpy of reaction in HTPB-TDI-DBTDL binder system at heating rates of higher than 10° C/min was independent of heating rate, whereas in HTPB-IPDI-DBTDL binder system the enthalpy of reaction is highly dependent on heating rate. Chemorheological results showed that rate of curing reaction for binder systems are in the order of HTPB-TDI-DBTDL>HTPB-IPDI-DBTDL>HTPB-TDI.

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Problem: This article unfolds a collective educational journey that while initially faced by serious doubts, ultimately received positive feedback from the students in an online urban design workshop.  During a rampant global pandemic, one of the two instructors communicating from overseas, who is experienced in teaching face-to-face courses, raised initial pedagogical concerns.
Aims: To remedy these, the two instructors dedicated the first part of the workshop to theorizing urban complexity.  Exposure to theory, while less common if not uncommon in design studios, removed the students’ initial misgivings.  Gaining student confidence boosted their spirit in crafting idiosyncratic interpretations based on personal memories, and paved the way toward assuming agency, and subsequently integrative learning.
Methods: This technique enabled students to connect discrete structural learning domains to produce more complicated outcomes, and by doing so experienced three states of mind.  Melting away initial doubts coincided with thematic arrangement.  Boosting confidence through conceptual connectivity and self-discovery, then, resulted in ebullience in designing through purposeful action.
Result: This article contributes to the scanty literature on coping mechanisms in the face of looming uncertainties both for students and instructors in teaching studios.

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Dual skin facade is an architectural concept originally intended for office buildings and indeed considered and implemented extensively. The façade to the building actually is a skin, but consist of two layers (the internal and external) which could be out of different glass types, they are separated by in-between air-gap and it is capable of air ventilation. The external skin protects the building not only against the climate hazards, but also can reduce noise pollutions significantly. The residents could take advantage of adjustable windows regardless of the element types such as wind and gust, the adverse effect of direct sunlight (glare), the environmental pollutions, and so on. Shading mechanisms allow the inner rooms of the building to benefit from an indirect sunlight while reducing the load on HVAC in cooling down the building in summers. Dual skin facades function as a heat conserver in cold climates in a way that stores the radiated energy in the air-gap whose temperature is almost made equal to the one of the temperature inside the building. In addition to providing the needed light within, indeed the external glass of the dual skin systems is capable of absorbing the light and storing heat in the winter, also induces natural ventilations in the summer to reduce the same sun light related heat. This is how the dual skin system helps in reduction of the heating and air conditioning load also with the internal air quality. Tolerance of the temperature above 24 degree Celsius in the buildings without natural air condition such as closed HVAC is difficult. While in buildings with natural air conditions the temperatures of even above 27 degree Celsius is pleasant. This reduces the energy consumption in the building. Therefore in this paper while studying the methods of using this system in hot arid climates, for the purpose of taking advantage, analysis and optimization of natural ventilation of double skin facade as one of the most important factor in hot and dry climates are considered. The layers to dual skin façade include the External Skin, the Internal Skin, and the air-gap in between the two. The External Skin (Façade): Generally it is a singular toughened glass, and the external skin could be made completely out of it. The Internal Skin (Façade): They are thermal insulating double pane glasses and could be made completely out of glass. Varieties of solar glasses could be applied. The in-between the Two Glasses Air-gap: The air-gap could be ventilated completely natural or mechanical. The air-gap width varies anything from 20cm to 2 meters thick, and it could be effective when applied as a support. The windows are users accessed to allow ventilation; also the shading could be consolidated and controlled by an automated system within the air-gap. Plans for the Direction of Air Current There are three suggested air ventilation plans in construction of a façade: To ventilate inward (Type A): The air tends to drift away from within the building to the air-gap, and the fresh air to the facility is replaced from outside. The air in the A type flows outward from the rooms, enters the air-gap and continues to move passing above the rollers to the awnings. In some designs, the air is guided out or through the duct is returned to central heating or A/C systems of the building. Ventilation Combo (Type B & C): The air is guided outward through the air-gap or vice versa. In cold climates, the B & C types can have a pre heating effect on the air before it enters the rooms. The ventilation system of A, B, & C are mechanical and they could be implemented in conjunction with the HVAC system of the building. The air is ventilated out of the building (Type D): The fresh air from outside is guided inward through the air-gap and then it is ventilated outside. The D type as a breather to the dual skin façade is implemented along with natural ventilation mechanism. The system may allow the fresh air inward through open windows and when closed may function as a thermal insulator providing a suitable thermal stability. With reference to the conducted research and with consideration to the contributing parameters, the numerical analysis of natural ventilation in dual skin façades is as follows:In order to achieve the most optimum performance of the dual skin façades in hot and arid climate considering the suggested specifications, for natural ventilation in the said type of climate, a dual skin façade sample is designed. The numerical analysis of the sample design generated by GAMBIT and FLUENT with which the numerical analysis of the dual skin façade is conducted. The intended case study is an imaginary 3 story high building in which there is a single room allocated to each floor. The allocated air-gap size of the dual skin façade is 50cm. There is a window to each floor allocated to both the inner and the outer skin with variable dimensions of 0.6 ,0.4, and 1.0 meters. The current case study is analyzed in hot and dry climate of Kerman city located on 38 ’17 ○30” N. Latitude and 3 ’5 ○57” E. Longitude. As a result, the numerical output of this software show that the two-shelled buildings help to taking advantage of natural ventilation and improve indoor air quality and it will be more effective in order to reduce the use of air conditioning systems and to achieve a comfortable temperature. Dual skin façades are utilized in office building a lot and looking back at the conducted research and considering numerous applications of the said façades is ever more advantages for using the elements such as weather, and specifically implementation of natural ventilation in balancing the in-building temperature, also a significant reduction in the use HVAC in the buildings; therefore, here is the model of choice recommended the best for hot and arid climate in residential buildings too

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The main goal of this paper is to determine the effect of Information technology on Intellectual capital and Knowledge management strategies. research type is of analytical survey. The statistical population was over 450 employees who work in Lorestan university. sample size was 208 employees which were obtained using random sampling - stratification. validity of questionnaire approved using content validity method and its reliability tested by Cronbach's alpha. For testing the hypothesis and conceptual model, structural equation approach using Amos 18 software were applied. result shows that the information technology has an effect on intellectual capital and knowledge management strategies and organizational agility. In addition, the organizational agility has a moderating effect on intellectual capital and knowledge management strategies in Lorestan University.  

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Language is one of the main components of culture giving rise to the formation of communication and exchange of ideas. The folk language which has been used in Persian literary works considered as both one of the treasures of Persian literature and spiritual elements embedded in folk culture. It is an integral part of folk culture and literature, which includes beliefs, myths, parables, songs, etc. The use of folk or common language, is more evident in the literature of Constitutional period. The poetry of this period appears to be more of a demonstration for general approbation than for specific. Accordingly, the descriptive-analytical method has been used in this study to investigate the four elements of common language including lexicon, idioms, allusions and proverbs in the latest Persian lyrics namely "Zohreh and Manouchehr" composed by Iraj Mirza and "Iraj and Houbara" composed by Qasem Larbon. The findings suggest that although there is a similarity in prosody, form, content and linguistic features of these two rhymed systems, the common language usage seems to be less in "Iraj and Houbara" than "Zohreh and Manouchehr" due to the time in which the use of idioms , parables and boilerplate was inevitable.Language of poetry applied by Iraj Mirza has also been influenced by such language while it is more close to the standard language in the works of Larbon.

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In this paper a new algorithm is presented for coherent radar detection of targets, when distribution of the interference (clutter and noise) is non-Gaussian. The Neyman-Pearson criterion is used for optimal detection and several successive received samples from a radar range cell are used for detection in the same cell. On the basis of recent empirical evidences, the interference distribution is described statistically by the correlated pseudo-Gaussian distribution which is also called SIRP. The joint pdf of the pseudo-Gaussian interference distribution is too complicated to lead to the optimum detector (or ALR detector). Therefore, a convenient approximation of its analytical solution is utilized. The obtained AALR detector outperforms the GLR detector. Moreover, the proposed algorithm is similar to the GLR detector. Since, the AALR detector-has been derived from the analytical solution of the ALR detector, its similarity to the GLR algorithm confirms the proper performance of the GLR detector. The performance of the proposed detector is also compared to the OLD and ECD detectors. Computer simulations confirm superiority of the ALR detector to the GLR detector while both are significantly better than the OLD and ECD detectors. The proposed detector completely prefers to the other detectors when the deviation of the interference distribution from Gaussian assumption is considerably high.

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PhD Student of TEFL, English Department, Faculty of Foreign Languages and The available empirical evidence on the long-term efficacy of written corrections is limited to the studies that have investigated the effect of focused feedback on improving grammatical accuracy of two specific aspects of English articles. It is clear that focused corrections, which target only one or two grammatical error types at a time, lack ecological validity in writing courses. The aim of the present study is to investigate the reaction of different structures to corrections which enjoy more validity in writing classes. Using a pretest-posttest design, the long-term reaction of three features of English grammar (articles, the infinitive, and the present unreal conditional) to mid-focused and unfocused written feedback and revision were investigated. The results showed that on the delayed posttest, which was administered one month after the feedback treatment, the performance of the students in the experimental groups was not significantly different from the control group and that there were no significant absolute gains in any of the groups compared with pretest scores.