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Showing 9 results for Alimoradi
Volume 5, Issue 1 (Winter 2019)
Abstract
Background: With increasing infectious diseases as well as antimicrobial resistance in pathogens to existing drugs, researchers are now seeking for new drug candidates to be used as alternatives or complementary therapies. Maca is commonly used in traditional medication as herbal medicine.
Materials & Methods: In this research, the antibacterial and antifungal activities of maca powder and ethanolic extract were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC29212, and Candida albicans ATCC10231 using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC), and disc diffusion methods.
Results: The obtained results showed that there was no significant difference between the MIC and MBC of maca powder and extract against the reference and clinical strains. Also, no strain showed zone of inhibition at 30, 40, 50, and 60 µl of reference concentration.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, maca powder and extract had a poor inhibitory effect on bacterial and fungal growth.
Volume 8, Issue 32 (4-2020)
Abstract
Folk literature, or oral literature, is the forerunner of the written literature. Its orators were pure and reliable people who were not much literature. These folklores stayed with us through their transfer between generations. Part of the folk and oral literature is the "wedding songs" labelled differently in various parts of the country. In Fasa county, this type of literature is known as "Astunk or Wastunak". The present article examines the syntactic structure of this type of oral literature in terms of the type and components of the sentences in popular culture. To this aim, through field study and interview with older and preferably illiterate women, 127 Wastunaks from the folk culture of Fasa were collected and transcribed. They were, then, analyzed syntactically (type and components of the sentence). The data was fed into SPSS 25. The results show that the frequency of the simple sentences is more than the compound ones and in most compound sentences, the subordinates are omitted for the rhythm of the poems. Finally, the three-part and four-part sentences had the highest and lowest frequencies in the Wastunak, respectively.
Volume 16, Issue 4 (6-2016)
Abstract
In this work steady flow of fluid in shell and coiled tube heat exchangers has been simulated then analyzed. Effect of pitch, coil’s diameter, tube’s diameter, shell’s diameter, coil’s height, shell’s height and Reynolds number on the friction factor of coil side has been investigated using numerical method. Forty cases have been analyzed in numerical work. The working fluid of both sides is water which its viscosity and thermal conductivity were assumed to be dependent on temperature. The standard K-έ model was used for turbulence. Results indicate the diameter of the coil is the most effective geometrical parameter on the friction factor of the coil side so that by remaining other parameters constant, if the coil’s diameter increases 60%, the friction factor will decrease 30.6%. Also by remaining other parameters constant if the tube’s diameter is doubled the friction factor of the coil side will increase 16.5%, if the shell’s diameter is doubled the friction factor of the coil side will increase 11.7% while the effect of other geometrical parameters on the friction factor of the coil side is much less than the effect of coil’s diameter, tube’s diameter and shell’s height. Also a correlation has been proposed for prediction of the friction factor of the coil side that contains the effect of all defined geometrical parameters in addition to Reynolds number. This correlation is applicable for wide range of Reynolds number (2700< Re< 38000) and has been compared with the correlations proposed in previous works.
Volume 16, Issue 12 (2-2017)
Abstract
In this research, subcooled flow boiling of water and water-based nanofluid in the different channels cross sections with the same hydraulic diameter is simulated. The subcooled flow boiling of water in the channels is studied by Euler – Euler model. The results of this part was matched with the experimental data very well. To study the effects of nanoparticles in the subcooled boiling flow, copper oxide nanoparticles with 40 nm in diameter were injected at the inlet to the flow. The nanofluid subcooled boiling is simulated by considering three phases, liquid, vapor and nanoparticles. The water and vapor interaction is simulated by Euler-Euler approach; and the motion of nanoparticles in the continuous fluid is modeled by Euler – Lagrange model. Water, vapor and nanoparticles were considered continuous fluid, dispersed fluid and dispersed solid, respectively. After model validation, boiling of nanofluids was modeling in different channels. Volume fraction and temperature variations is obtained along the channels. The results showed that, at low concentrations of nanoparticles (0.001 kg/s) rectangular channels and at higher concentrations (0.005 kg/s) square channels have the greatest changes in vapor volume fraction compared to pure water boiling.
Volume 17, Issue 99 (May 2020)
Abstract
Nowadays chemical preservatives are commonly used in foodstuffs to increase their shelf life and maintain the quality. Due to their probable risk of continuous use in foodstuffs, natural preservatives are increasingly used. In this study, oak powder has been used as a natural preservative with antimicrobial properties and desired sensory effects on ready-to-cook chicken.Treated samples containing 5, 10, and 20 percent of powder in 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days of storage periods in fridge temperature using chemical tests (including peroxide number, thiobarbituric acid, and volatile nitrous bases) and microbial tests (including total bacteria count, Staphylococcus aureus count, coliform count; Also the effect of oak powder on sensory features of chicken was oak powder examined. The results of the present study show that oak powder could appropriately postpone microbial spoilage and peroxidation of lipids in chicken fillets. It was proved that the use of appropriate concentrations of oak powder (5 and 20 percent) in the ready-to-cook chicken, significantly (P<0.05), could result in chicken microbial Fluorine decrease and oak powder of 10 and 20 percent concentrations showed more positive effects on treatments`oreganoliptic properties. Therefore, as a natural preservative,the oak powder can be used in ready-to-cook chicken production process with positive effects on the product`s sensory properties and longer shelf life.
Volume 18, Issue 111 (May 2021)
Abstract
Oxidation of lipids in foods is one of the most important chemical events during food frying. The resulting chemical indices contribute to various diseases such as atherosclerosis, cancer, premature aging, respiratory distress syndrome and various liver disorders. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the chemical factors of the oils used in Fried falafels.
and then compared with the case controlled conditions in the laboratory. This study was performed on 50 samples prepared in the shop. Peroxide, anisidine number, total oxidation value (TOTOX) and Kreis test were measured to investigate the destructive effect of falafel compounds on oil, then was compared with the case controlled samples according to the relevant standards in the laboratory. In this study, more than half of the samples could not be used and only 42% of the samples were approved. The mean and standard deviation for this values in the control sample were 4.39±0.62, 6.09±0.87 and 15.68±2.09 respectively. Also, there was a positive correlation between the values of peroxide, anisidine and TOTOX with Kreischr('39')s test. Based on the results, it was found that most of the chemical factors in the samples were above the permissible limit and used oils on the shops are unhealthy and unusable. Therefore, due to the dangers of primary and secondary oxidation on human health, implementation of training programs and application of the proper way to prepared food for the staff of these centers is essential.
Volume 19, Issue 7 (July 2019)
Abstract
In this research, a numerical scheme for subcooled flow boiling with water based fluid in a channel with a hot spot was developed. The effect of nanoparticles was studied in the subcooled flow boiling. Alumina nanoparticles were used for the protection of nanofluid. The properties of nanofluid are assumed to be temperature independent. The mixture of nanofluid is studied by using Eluer–Eluer approach. In addition to considering the variable properties of temperature in this study, a model for the density of the nucleation site was used, which is the surface roughness and sedimentation rate of the nanoparticles. After verifying the model, the nanofluid boiling was modeled, using 4 roughnesses of 25, 50, 75, and 100 nm. Changes of bubble dynamics parameters were investigated in different heat fluxes and roughnesses. According to the results, it was found that with increasing surface roughness, the surface temperature drop and the density of the nucleation site density increased. Also, bubble departure diameter is increased and bubble detachment frequency is decreased by increasing surface roughness. Moreover, the results shows that bubble detachment diameter is increased by increasing the heat flux and bubble detachment waiting time.
Volume 23, Issue 5 (9-2021)
Abstract
Nowadays, various forms of medicinal plants are used for different purposes such as improving the qualitative attributes, partial replacement of nitrite, and increasing the overall acceptance and shelf-life of meat products. In this research, 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg of Carum copticum extract, 40, 50, and 60 mg/kg of Salvia officinalis extract, and a combination extract (15:30) were used as partial replacements of nitrite in the sausage formulation. Then, the physicochemical, microbial and sensory tests were performed on all treatments and control sample over 45 days. The results showed that treatment with 60 mg/kg S. officinalis extract had the lowest pH value. The lowest peroxide value was related to treatment with 40 mg/kg S. officinalis extract, which showed a significant difference with the control sample. In contrast, the lowest cooking loss was reported for treatment with 30 mg/kg C. copticum extract. The control sample showed the highest microbial count. Treatment with 60 mg/kg S. officinalis extract had the least total count of bacteria and C. perfringens. In contrast, the least count of coliform, mold, and yeast was found for treatment with 40 mg/kg S. officinalis extract. In terms of sensory attributes, treatment with 30 mg/kg C. copticum extract had the highest color and flavor scores, while the highest consistency and overall acceptance scores of all treatments were related to 20 and 10 mg/kg C. copticum extract, respectively. As a conclusion, treatment with various concentrations of S. officinalis extract had better acceptability and more effects on the sausage quality.
Volume 24, Issue 3 (Autumn 2024)
Abstract
Introduction
In recent years, economic development and public welfare are not possible without reliable and sustainable energy sources. Therefore, providing energy security is one of the basic priorities of every society and government. On the other hand, energy security is closely related to human life and productive activities and is strongly related to the increase in the number of extreme natural events in the past decades. Natural disasters can have different effects on energy consumption depending on the type of disaster and the desired energy source. Emergency food products can be useful for disaster situations, and carbon absorption is one of the solutions that can greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The search for better energy performance of buildings and the using alternative sources of energy along with the rationalization of energy consumption can be directly related to reducing emission levels in the atmosphere and alleviating detrimental impacts on the environment. However, the transition to renewable energy sources requires careful planning and implementation to ensure energy security and prevent negative environmental effects, natural disasters also have significant implications for energy security, extreme weather events such as droughts and floods can affect the availability and reliability of energy resources, especially hydropower. Therefore, it is crucially important to consider the potential effects of climate change on energy systems and to develop adaptation strategies for ensuring energy security. Therefore, dealing with climate change and energy security are two critical challenges of any society today. Transitioning to renewable energy sources can reduce climate change, but requires careful planning and implementation to ensure energy security. In addition, it is vital to consider the potential impacts of climate change on energy systems and develop adaptation strategies to ensure energy security. Therefore, dealing with and managing severe natural disasters is necessary to ensure and manage energy security. Therefore, considering the importance of energy security on the one hand and limited research on the other to depict the impact of extreme natural events on energy security is of paramount importance. Therefore, considering the increasing frequency of natural disasters and energy security, how natural disasters affect energy security needs to be debated which has rarely been addressed yet. So, the aim of this research is to fill this theoretical gap so that the impact of severe natural hazards on energy security from a theoretical point of view to be investigated and solutions for diminishing the impact of natural disasters on energy security proposed.
Methodology
In this research, due to the fact that the degree of significance of all research variables was of the first order and with the difference of the first order of significance, to estimate the research model, it is possible to use co-accumulation methods to avoid creating false regression and misleading results. In econometric literature, various methods are introduced to check the existence of long-term relationship between variables. Therefore, this research uses Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) cointegration method to estimate the research model. The fully modified least squares method by Phillips and Hansen (1990) to examine long-run relationships and estimate a co-integrated relationship that has a combination of I(1) was introduced and developed. This method uses a quasi-parametric correction to eliminate problems caused by long-term correlation between co-accumulation equations and changes in random variables. Characteristics of this estimator; They are highly consistent and asymptotically distributed normally without skew and provide better results in small samples. It also provides modified standard deviation that allows statistical inferences to be made. In fact, the fully modified least squares method applies two corrections of distortion and endogeneity to the ordinary least squares method. On the other hand, the FMOLS method is not affected by the length of the interval and is asymptotically unbiased and has a fully efficient combination of asymptotes when all variables are endogenous. In fact, by means of this method, an optimal estimate of the cointegration vector can be estimated.
Findings
In this study, for the first time, the effect of severe natural disasters on the risk of energy security in Iran during the period (1980-2018) have been examined. To estimate the model, fully modified least squares (FMOLS) method was used. According to the variable results, severe natural disasters have a negative and significant effect on energy security in Iran, which is in agreement with the results of the research by Qiu et al. (2023), Lee et al. (2021), Rakshit (2021), Wei et al. 2022). Open degree index without trade has a negative and significant effect on energy security during the studied period, which confirms the results of Qiu et al. (2023), Wei et al. (2023) and Lee and Park (2021) studies. The industrialization index has a positive and significant effect on energy security in Iran, and the results of this section agree with the results of Qiu et al. (2023) research. The growth rate of urbanization also has a positive and significant effect on energy security during the studied period, which rejects the results of Qiu et al. (2023) study. Technological innovation has a positive and significant effect on energy security. Financial development had no significant effect on energy security. The GDP variable has a negative and significant effect on energy security. The results of this section are contrary to the research results of Qiu et al. (2023) and Lee and Park (2021) and are consistent with the research results of Wei et al. (2023).
Discussion and Conclusion
Natural disasters are an inevitable part of life that threaten different aspects of human life. Natural disasters may create some long-term social, economic and environmental trends in the society, whose effects have economic consequences for the country for decades. The position of natural disasters and its effect on other variables in a disaster-prone country like Iran should be given special attention. Natural disasters should be a gateway to a scientific, strategic and accurate look at these events and their social, political and economic consequences. Increased investment in infrastructure and mechanisms related to crisis prevention and management, and serious attention should be paid to basic indicators such as trust and political legitimacy to facilitate the functioning of the government in crisis conditions. The results of this study show that policy makers should pay enough attention to natural environment, especially natural disasters in planning agenda to improve energy security so that appropriate policy interventions can help deminish the impact of extreme natural events on energy security.
Policy recommendations
Paying attention to environmental issues to face natural disasters has become public knowledge in different societies. In terms of energy security, the following recommendations are suggested for Iran which is located in a dry and semi-arid climate and faces serious limitations:
In recent years, economic development and public welfare are not possible without reliable and sustainable energy sources. Therefore, providing energy security is one of the basic priorities of every society and government. On the other hand, energy security is closely related to human life and productive activities and is strongly related to the increase in the number of extreme natural events in the past decades. Natural disasters can have different effects on energy consumption depending on the type of disaster and the desired energy source. Emergency food products can be useful for disaster situations, and carbon absorption is one of the solutions that can greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The search for better energy performance of buildings and the using alternative sources of energy along with the rationalization of energy consumption can be directly related to reducing emission levels in the atmosphere and alleviating detrimental impacts on the environment. However, the transition to renewable energy sources requires careful planning and implementation to ensure energy security and prevent negative environmental effects, natural disasters also have significant implications for energy security, extreme weather events such as droughts and floods can affect the availability and reliability of energy resources, especially hydropower. Therefore, it is crucially important to consider the potential effects of climate change on energy systems and to develop adaptation strategies for ensuring energy security. Therefore, dealing with climate change and energy security are two critical challenges of any society today. Transitioning to renewable energy sources can reduce climate change, but requires careful planning and implementation to ensure energy security. In addition, it is vital to consider the potential impacts of climate change on energy systems and develop adaptation strategies to ensure energy security. Therefore, dealing with and managing severe natural disasters is necessary to ensure and manage energy security. Therefore, considering the importance of energy security on the one hand and limited research on the other to depict the impact of extreme natural events on energy security is of paramount importance. Therefore, considering the increasing frequency of natural disasters and energy security, how natural disasters affect energy security needs to be debated which has rarely been addressed yet. So, the aim of this research is to fill this theoretical gap so that the impact of severe natural hazards on energy security from a theoretical point of view to be investigated and solutions for diminishing the impact of natural disasters on energy security proposed.
Methodology
In this research, due to the fact that the degree of significance of all research variables was of the first order and with the difference of the first order of significance, to estimate the research model, it is possible to use co-accumulation methods to avoid creating false regression and misleading results. In econometric literature, various methods are introduced to check the existence of long-term relationship between variables. Therefore, this research uses Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) cointegration method to estimate the research model. The fully modified least squares method by Phillips and Hansen (1990) to examine long-run relationships and estimate a co-integrated relationship that has a combination of I(1) was introduced and developed. This method uses a quasi-parametric correction to eliminate problems caused by long-term correlation between co-accumulation equations and changes in random variables. Characteristics of this estimator; They are highly consistent and asymptotically distributed normally without skew and provide better results in small samples. It also provides modified standard deviation that allows statistical inferences to be made. In fact, the fully modified least squares method applies two corrections of distortion and endogeneity to the ordinary least squares method. On the other hand, the FMOLS method is not affected by the length of the interval and is asymptotically unbiased and has a fully efficient combination of asymptotes when all variables are endogenous. In fact, by means of this method, an optimal estimate of the cointegration vector can be estimated.
Findings
In this study, for the first time, the effect of severe natural disasters on the risk of energy security in Iran during the period (1980-2018) have been examined. To estimate the model, fully modified least squares (FMOLS) method was used. According to the variable results, severe natural disasters have a negative and significant effect on energy security in Iran, which is in agreement with the results of the research by Qiu et al. (2023), Lee et al. (2021), Rakshit (2021), Wei et al. 2022). Open degree index without trade has a negative and significant effect on energy security during the studied period, which confirms the results of Qiu et al. (2023), Wei et al. (2023) and Lee and Park (2021) studies. The industrialization index has a positive and significant effect on energy security in Iran, and the results of this section agree with the results of Qiu et al. (2023) research. The growth rate of urbanization also has a positive and significant effect on energy security during the studied period, which rejects the results of Qiu et al. (2023) study. Technological innovation has a positive and significant effect on energy security. Financial development had no significant effect on energy security. The GDP variable has a negative and significant effect on energy security. The results of this section are contrary to the research results of Qiu et al. (2023) and Lee and Park (2021) and are consistent with the research results of Wei et al. (2023).
Discussion and Conclusion
Natural disasters are an inevitable part of life that threaten different aspects of human life. Natural disasters may create some long-term social, economic and environmental trends in the society, whose effects have economic consequences for the country for decades. The position of natural disasters and its effect on other variables in a disaster-prone country like Iran should be given special attention. Natural disasters should be a gateway to a scientific, strategic and accurate look at these events and their social, political and economic consequences. Increased investment in infrastructure and mechanisms related to crisis prevention and management, and serious attention should be paid to basic indicators such as trust and political legitimacy to facilitate the functioning of the government in crisis conditions. The results of this study show that policy makers should pay enough attention to natural environment, especially natural disasters in planning agenda to improve energy security so that appropriate policy interventions can help deminish the impact of extreme natural events on energy security.
Policy recommendations
Paying attention to environmental issues to face natural disasters has become public knowledge in different societies. In terms of energy security, the following recommendations are suggested for Iran which is located in a dry and semi-arid climate and faces serious limitations:
- Providing sufficient credits by promoting cooperation with international organizations. Lack of credits is one of the main obstacles to the implementation of legal articles approved in the development programs and advancing the goals set in the field of environmental issues of the country.
- Adopting the approach of comprehensive and integrated management of the environment. In Iran varied organizations and institutions are involved with the environmental issues and none are fully responsible for it. Environmental Protection Organization, Forests and Ranges and Watershed Organization, Water Department of the Ministry of Energy, and the Iranian Fisheries Organization are each responsible for a part of environmental concerns with no mechanism for coordination between them.
- Promotion of culture and environmental literacy of society to strengthen the spirit of cooperation of citizens with environmental policies.
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