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Grammarly software is one of the most popular software for automatic recognition of grammatical errors in texts translated from Persian to English. The study aims to evaluate the efficiency of Grammarly and propose some suggestions for upgrading the software. To achieve this, a corpus including the English translation of the booklets introducing the works of Resistance-literature was studied. After the grammatical errors were extracted by the researchers (human evaluator), the electronic file of the booklets was provided to the software to detect the errors by Grammarly. Grammatical errors were then categorized and the extracted data were matched by researchers and software. After the qualitative and quantitative analysis of errors and the presentation of the findings, suggestions were made to improve the efficiency of Grammarly. According to the findings, out of 98 cases being specified by Grammarly as errors, 16 of them were not actually errors. In 4 cases (4.9%) Grammarly failed to accurately identify the "type" of error. The weakest grammatical performance of the software occurred in the misdiagnosis of ‘word spelling’ and ‘misuse of masculine and feminine pronouns’. Regarding the efficiency of Grammarly, it was found that the software has an excellent performance with a diagnosis of 82.8% of errors.
 

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The story of “Oscar and the Lady in Pink” by the famous French novelist and fiction writer “Eric-Emmanuel Schmitt” concerns the spiritual journey of a little boy named “Oscar”, who suffers from leukemia and has been living in a French hospital for a long time. Oscar, being guided by an incredible nurse called “Mamie-Rose”, decides to write letters to God. In this story, Oscar and Mamie-Rose play the role of a naive spiritual traveler and a mentor, respectively. In Persian literature, also, there are some stories on spiritual journeys. The book Mantegh-al-tair (the language of birds), the classic work of the Persian poet Attar, represents a superb example in this case. The seven stages of spiritual journeys, mentioned in the book, include “quest, love, wisdom, independence, monotheism, amazement, indigence and death”. The present article aims at comparing the stages of spiritual journeys in the aforementioned great works. The major reason why the two works share several points of similarity, as far as the stages of spiritual journeys are concerned, is their religious background.

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We provide keys and new distributional data for the Iranian cuckoo wasps of four Elampini genera: Chrysellampus Semenov, 1932, Omalus Panzer, 1801, Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879 and Pseudomalus Ashmead, 1902. Two species are newly recorded for Iran: Chrysellampus pici (du Buysson, 1900) and Philoctetes kuznetzovi (Semenov, 1932). One new synonymy is proposed: Pseudomalus masalskii (Semenov, 1932) syn. nov. of Pseudomalus turkestanicus (Mocsáry, 1889). The lectotype of Ellampus hypocrita du Buysson, 1893 is designated.
 

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Social innovation has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years; as it offers new answers to social challenges and whole community use its advantages. The main objective of this research is to design a social innovation success model in the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation as a social organization.This research is fundamental-applied in term of purpose and its method is grounded theory.Participants of this research are experienced staffand experts in the processes of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation that by combining the methods of purposive sampling, snowball and theoretical sampling, 16 wer selected to perform semi-structured interviews.Data analysed with more than 200 primary codes in Atlas.ti 8. Factors of mission and Strategy, Organizational Culture,Servant Leadership Style,Organizational Agility, Extensive and favorable interactions with Enviroment and Facilitating Financial Conditions recognized as factors for facilitator level.Innovators' motivation,effective Content and implementation and acceptance of innovation were complementary levelfactors. And brandingsocial innovation, collaborating with international institutions, networking of innovation roles and develop a people-dependent structurewere growth levelfactors of social innovation success model.

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Three Trichoderma harzianum isolates, were evaluated for their antagonistic effect on Rosellinia necatrix causal agent of white root rot (WRT). According to in vitro evaluations, T. harzianum T20A isolate showed the most pathogen growth inhibition. The inoculum of T20A isolate was applied to control WRT disease on four commercial apple rootstocks: Malling (M7, M25) and Malling Merton (MM111, MM106) in greenhouse experiments. Root rot and leaf fall indices were measured 70 days after pathogen inoculation. The biocontrol agent had a significant effect (p < 0.01) on the reduction of pathogen indices but the effect of rootstocks was not significant. Root rot reduction on MM111, MM106, M25 and M7 rootstocks were 63.84%, 61.13%, 28.63% and 17.47%, respectively. The antagonist also caused reduction of leaf drop symptom on MM106, M7, MM111 and M25 infected apple rootstocks by 57.4%, 56.06%, 44.09% and 40.24%, respectively. Disease indices were also measured for fungicide treatment and the results were compared with disease indices in antagonist treatments. The most biological control was observed on MM111 (63.84%) and MM106 (57.4%) according to the reduction in root rot and leaf drop, respectively. The reactions of apple rootstocks to WRT were also evaluated. The results showed that all the rootstocks were susceptible to WRT in the greenhouse condition. The MM106 rootstock which showed 100% root rot and 78% leaf drop was the most susceptible and M7with 43.5% root rot and 84.56 leaf drop was the least susceptible in our experiment. This was the first study of reaction and biocontrol of white root rot disease on apple commercial rootstocks in Iran and the results suggest a better insight to disease management either by integrating resistance and biocontrol measures or replacing chemical control by antagonist application to soil.

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In recent years, the research on the Iranian Chrysididae has been extremely prolific, thanks to the efforts of different teams. After the first checklist published by Rosa et al. (2013), more than one hundred taxa of cuckoo wasps have been recorded as new for Iran, including nine taxa described as new for science. Moreover, major modifications impacted the taxonomy of the family with two genera revaluated (Chrysellampus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932 and Colpopyga Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954), Pseudochrysis Semenow, 1891 reintroduced for Pseudospinolia Linsenmaier, 1951; the description of the genus Morphochrysis Rosa & Pavesi, 2023 and several taxonomical changes to species level which were published and that deeply changed the first checklist, namely. As a consequence of all these fragmented changes, we propose a new, updated checklist of the Iranian species, to summarize all the new findings published in the last years. We describe eleven new species for science, Chrysis amerii Rosa & Farhad, sp. nov., C. chamrosh Rosa, sp. nov., C. crenulata Rosa, sp. nov., C. edentata Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov., C. peri Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov. and C. titanica Rosa, sp. nov. (succincta group), C. mediasignata Rosa, sp. nov. (leachii group), C. heimi Rosa, sp. nov. (maculicornis group), C. simurgh Rosa, sp. nov. (subsinuata group), Chrysura filidichroa Rosa, sp. nov. (dichroa group) and Hedychridium personatum Rosa, sp. nov. with its own new species-group. We report twenty-six new records of Chrysidinae for Iran: Chrysidea disclusa (Linsenmaier, 1959); Chrysis afghanica Linsenmaier, 1968; C. cylindrica Eversmann, 1858; C. echidna Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967; C. grohmanni bolivari Mercet, 1902; C. klio Balthasar, 1953; C. laetula Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol'skaya, 1954; C. leuconoe Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967; C. maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877; C. mirabilis Radoszkovsky, 1877; C. mossulensis Abeille de Perrin-du Buysson, 1887; C. pseudobrevitarsis Linsenmaier, 1951; C. robertsi Rosa, 2020; C. rutilans Olivier, 1791; C. turcomana Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol'skaya, 1954; Chrysura laodamia laodamia (du Buysson, 1900); Euchroeus pellucidus (Radoszkowski, 1877); Hedychridium bytinskii Linsenmaier, 1959; H. mochii Strumia, 1994; H. plagiatum (Mocsáry, 1883); Hedychrum concinnum (Mocsáry, 1909); H. semicyaneum Mocsáry, 1889; Spinolia stchurovskyi (Radoszkowski, 1877); Spintharina extrema (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954), and S. houskai (Balthasar, 1953). The current number of known taxa has therefore increased from 185 (179 species and 6 subspecies) to 315 (306 species + 9 subspecies). Hedychrum persicum Mocsáry, 1914 stat. nov. is upgraded to species rank. Chrysis chrysophora Semenow, 1892 and Hedychrum cyaneum Brullé, 1846 are considered nomina dubia and the latter as incertae sedis. Chrysis dawahi Strumia, 2012 is considered nomen nudum. The majority of chrysidid species in Iran (77.64%) are found exclusively in the Western Palearctic region. Among these, 21% are restricted to the Western Palaearctic. A thorough discussion is also provided on unreliable and doubtful species records.

PlumX Metrics

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Ideology can increase the rivalry or socio-political clashes between political powers within a society. People, political parties and organizations set their policies following a dominant ideology. News agencies are among the highly influential organizations which can affect ideological and political thinking. News agencies, by means of translation, try to direct people’s way of thinking toward a special direction. Therefore, the role of translation in highlighting political rivalry among parties is undeniable. Meanwhile, translators’ word choice can reflect the differences between the Reformists and the Conservatives. The aim of the current study is to examine the representation of ideological foregrounding in journalistic translators’ word choice. The corpus includes 200 journalistic sentences collected from foreign news websites. Then collected data were analyzed based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The results showed that the conflicts between two main parties are reflected in translators’ word choice. The phenomenon can potentially increase clashes and tensions in a society and challenge social stability.
 
 
 Human life and affairs are not just limited to a particular country or region. Today, everything that happens in a corner of the world can easily affect people’s lives in other countries. Consequently, people want to know what happened in other parts of the world. Therefore, a wide range of communication tools has been developed in recent decades. News media is one of the most important communication tools that has greatly affected human life in the contemporary era. But news media is not just for communication. It is a proper tool to advance the ideological goals of organizations, institutions, and even political parties. Therefore, one of the important elements that should be considered in the news media is ideology. News media also needs some efficient tools to advance its ideological goals. Translation is an effective tool that can be very helpful and supportive for media to put forward society in a predefined path. News agencies, using translation, can direct people’s way of thinking toward a special direction. Therefore, the role of translation in highlighting political rivalry among parties is undeniable. Meanwhile, translators’ word choice can reflect the differences between the Reformists and the Conservatives.
The current research aims to investigate the representation of ideological foregrounding in journalistic translators’ word choice through critical discourse analysis. To achieve this goal, a corpus of 200 journalistic sentences collected from foreign news agency’s websites. As the political rivalry between Iranian Conservative and Reformist parties was to be examined, the Persian translation of this news was also collected. Then collected data were analyzed based on Fairclough’s three-dimensional model. The main question of the present study was to what extent the ideology of the news translator had been reflected in his/her choice of words and to what extent this plays a role in increasing the political confrontation of the parties. Since only translators' word choice is considered, only those parts of Fairclough’s model have been selected that were suitable for lexical analysis. The main hypothesis of the research was that the translator’s word choice could play a key role in ideological clashes between parties.
After analyzing collected data, the results revealed that the conflicts between the two main parties are reflected in translators’ word choice. This can potentially result in clashes and tensions in society and challenge social stability. In addition, it was found that news translating is one of the most challenging translations that is associated with applying the ideologies of political parties, organizations and groups. Furthermore, it became clear that the mode of translation can affect the way of thinking of the society in different situations.
 

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In this paper, the tensile properties of 2D woven glass epoxy composite reinforced by two different nanoparticles have been investigated and compared. Hand lay-up method has been used to manufacture nanocomposites with 12 layers of 2D woven glass fibers with 40% fiber volume fraction. The nano-epoxy resin system is made of epon 828 resin with jeffamine D400 as the curing agent. The composites were reinforced by adding organically modified montmorillonite nanoclay (Closite 30B) and nanosilica (SiO2) particles. The nanoclay particles were dispersed into the epoxy system in a 0%, 3%, 5%, 7% and 10% ratio in weight with respect to the matrix, while the spherical nanosilica particles were dispersed into the epoxy system in a 0%, 0.5%, 1% and 3% ratio in weight with respect to the matrix. The results show that low loading of nanoclay decreases the mechanical properties of nanocomposite, while significant improvements of nanocomposite mechanical properties are shown in low loading of nanosilica. Tensile strength and toughness of nanocomposite increase by 7% and 10% after adding 5 wt.% nanoclay. Loading of 0.5 wt.% nanosilica cause 10% and 27% improvement in tensile strength and toughness of nanocomposite.

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In this research, effect of adding silica nano-particles on the mode II interlaminar fracture toughness of epoxy matrix composites reinforced with glass fibers was experimentally studied. Hand lay-up method has been used to manufacture nanocomposites with18 layers of 2D woven glass fibers with 40% fiber volume fraction. The nano-epoxy resin system is made of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (epon 828) resin with jeffamine D400 as the curing agent. Nanosilica particles are dispersed with 0, 0.5, 1 and 3 wt.% (of epoxy resin) to study the effect of nanosilica content on fracture toughness. Also a series of nanocomposites with 1 wt.% nanosilica content and contained 55 vol.% glass fibers were fabricated to investigate the effect of fiber volume fraction on results. End notch flexure (ENF) test was adopted for the measurement of mode II interlaminar fracture toughness. The results show that high loading of nanosilica has no significant effect on the interlaminar fracture toughness of nanocomposites while the addition of 0.5 wt% nanosilica enhanced the interlaminar fracture toughness about 36% compared to the neat composites. Decreasing fiber volume fraction improved interlaminar fracture energy.

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With the rapid progress of nanotechnology, application of nano-scale materials has been extensively increased. Due to increase of surface effects at small sizes, the classical theories are not capable of modeling nano-scale systems. On the other hand, more accurate methods at small sizes are based on the quantum and atomistic models which are too time consuming, and hence using these methods is limited to very small sizes for a short period of time. In this research coarse-graining models for accelerating molecular dynamics simulations for the analysis of silicon structures are proposed. In this technique, after assigning a proper map between beads of the coarse-grained model and atoms of the main structure, the system parameters are modified in a scheme that the original model and the coarse-grained models have the same physical properties. By using various static and dynamic simulations and evaluating the size effect, the accuracy and speed of the proposed model is examined. The error of this CG model for investigating the Young modulus, longitudinal and transversal vibration is less than 5 percent, while it is about 8 times faster than AA model.

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Labor law in almost every country is recognized as an independent branch of law. Its final goal which is summarized in protecting employees has made it distinct from other fields and required some special institutions. Therefore, there are some institutions in labor law which don't exist in other laws and codes. The suspension of contracts is one of them. In some special circumstances either employer or employee are able to suspend their obligations without terminating the whole contract. It is the time when the contract sustains but is suspended for some time. Reviewing different codes leads us to this conclusion that the labor code is not the first code which has invented this institution. In civil code we can detect some examples for suspension. Therefore, this article with a comparative point of view first defines suspension's concept in general rules and then in other codes such as labor code. eventually, the article introduces suspension as a general rule.

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The juice industry is seeking cost-effective Pulsed Electric Fields (PEF) reactor systems to treat bulk fluid. The paper discusses the development of a helix-shaped glass chamber (HSGC) for PEF treatment in the juice industry. PEF treatment is a non-thermal technology used for the preservation and processing of fruit juices. The HSGC design aims to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of PEF treatment by enhancing the distribution of electric fields within the chamber. The PEF treatment is believed to be biochemical and physical parameters. The traditional designs don't have good attributes for uniformity of PEF treatment and long fluid residence time. The developed HSGC was successfully applied on mango juice samples, and variation of chemical parameters including viscosity and conductivity, including microbial inactivation of microorganisms (Escherichia coli), was explored. The results are compared with the new values of the juice condition. The simulation results indicate that the juice fluid remains at a normal temperature range of 20-25°C. The results were encouraging and discussed, suggesting that HSGC is a viable option for processing sour mango juice with a significant amount of microbial inactivation without adversely affecting the physical and biochemical parameters. In addition, it is effective for long-term preservation of fruit juices and liquids. The residence time in the treatment chamber, the intensity, and uniformity of PEF treatment affect the variation in chemical. The results demonstrate the feasibility and advantages of using the helix-shaped chamber for PEF treatment, offering potential benefits for juice quality and shelf life. Overall, the paper provides valuable insights into the development of innovative technologies for the juice industry.