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ntroduction
Spatial distribution of settlements in the territory is one of the serious issues of spatial planning in the geographical field. The settlement patterns of the city and the village, especially in the coastal areas, is a field that this article emphasizes. In this research, it is tried to investigate how the population settles in the coastal areas. Then, a suitable model to attract the population in these areas is suggested. According to the findings of the national research document, the territorial policies related to the coasts and islands of the country can be listed as follows, which have strengthened the role of the country in the network of regional and international transit passages, as a result, leading to economic prosperity and the settlement of the population will be on the coasts and border areas of the country. Also, the importance of the role of the islands in the development and attraction of the population in the southern coast of the country is emphasized. As a result, according to the situation of population settlement in the coasts of the country, the capacities and roles of each of the settlement points have been extracted according to the land use document and the strategic document of sustainable development of the southern islands of the country. In this case, all the residential areas and islands have played a role according to the division of national work between them and contributed to the development process in the coasts in promoting political, economic, social and cultural ties and relations with the countries of the region and the world. As a result, they can help the whole country.
Introduction
The settlement pattern of the population and settlements is the spatial outcome of the natural environment and the economic, socio-cultural and political conditions, and certainly with the change of these conditions over time, the settlement pattern also changes and transforms. Knowing these developments, the causes and effective factors in the occurrence and emergence of these developments, as well as the effects and consequences of these developments in different fields is a geographical subject and has a special theoretical and scientific (applied) importance. From a theoretical point of view, recognizing, analyzing and explaining the establishment pattern and its developments and investigating the contribution and role of various factors, including the natural, economic, socio-cultural and political environment in its formation and developments, and discovering the general laws governing the establishment pattern, along with understanding the works and its economic-social and spatial-physical consequences are very important and can be effective in expanding the boundaries of knowledge in the field of geography. Also, from a practical and practical point of view, since the achievement of the optimal model system of population settlement requires the knowledge of trends and trends in this field, the results of such studies can be effective in organizing coastal areas, especially the optimal distribution of population settlement. In this research, it is tried to investigate how the population settles in the coastal areas. Then, a suitable model for attracting the population in these areas is suggested. The pattern of population spatial settlement in both national and local arenas has an irregular distribution. Most of the population and cities are located in the northern and western regions of the country. In the meantime, the provinces and coastal areas in the south of the country, in addition to having a low population density, also suffer from the irregular distribution of the population in the city centers. In this paper, population settlement and spatial arrangement of cities in coastal regions, population settlement and spatial arrangement of cities in coastal provinces of the country are investigated. Unlike the previous researches, this research studies the mentioned provinces not individually, but collectively as the coastal provinces of the country in the form of a region.
Methodology
The present research is a small part of the patterns of population settlement in Iran, which focuses on the coastal areas and examines it from the perspective of analysis. In other words, this research seeks to provide appropriate answers to the patterns of population settlement between the southern and northern coasts of Iran. The research method is descriptive-analytic and data gathering procedure is based on library method.
Results and discussion
After examining and comparing the parameters of relative density, coastal density and coastal grade (the ratio of coastline to area) as well as the percentage of population growth in coastal areas, important results are as follows:
1- Coastal cities being the center of the province is one of the factors that increase the population, while the amount of having a coastline has much less impact on this feature. This issue shows the concentration of facilities and development in the centers of the provinces, which requires distribution of the facilities to other areas.
2- Considering the area which is available to the coastal cities, despite the high population in some southern regions, the northern coastal cities of the country have a higher relative density and coastal density. Therefore, it can be said that the northern coastal areas of the country are more developed. Although important factors such as weather have played a role in this difference in distribution, but considering the type of beaches and access to open waters and on the other hand the wider coastline, it can be said that the development in the southern coastal areas of the country remains blocked, which requires more attention.
3- In the northern provinces, it was observed that there are areas with a limited coastline (low coastal grade), but they have a very high coastal density, but in the southern provinces of the country, although the coasts are much more scattered, the coastal density is at a lower level. And this shows the insufficient use of the potential of the beaches of these areas.
4- In the southern coastal areas, the cities with more coastlines have been associated with a greater population growth during these ten years, but the cities of Khuzestan province were exempted from this. This issue also expresses the fact that population growth and development naturally takes place in areas with more potential; But it should be noted that in comparison with high-density areas in the north, this growth should be accompanied by a higher speed.
According to the aforementioned explanations and analyzes, the relative population density according to the census of 2015 in the northern coasts of the country is relatively higher than the southern coastal cities of the country, for example, in the city of Rasht, the relative population density is more than 70 people per square kilometer, Fereydoun Kanar with more than There are 500 people per square kilometer, but in the southern coastal cities of the country, Bushehr is the only southern coastal city that has the highest density among the southern coastal cities with a population density of 200 people per square kilometer. But on the other hand, the southern cities have more coastal strip than the coastal strip in the north of the country, and this population density in the north of the country is higher than in the south of the country due to low and flat coastal areas, and these flat coastal areas attract more people to the beaches. Therefore, in the north of the country, the predominant activity of the coastal cities is agriculture, and in the southern coastal cities of the country, the predominant activity is industrial.
Coastal height and ruggedness play an important role in the exploitation of maritime potential by maritime countries. Countries that have smooth coastal areas and suitable coastal cuts, deploy human structures in coastal areas with less financial cost. On the other hand, high coastal heights and rocks lack the necessary potential to attract the population, and the establishment of marine structures, including ports, is accompanied by the problem of providing a suitable and smooth place. Coastal plains have an important effect on the establishment of human settlements, marine structures and activities, marine tourism, the concentration of financial-production resources, etc. The advantage of low and flat coastal elevations is influenced by the climate of the coastal region and the connection of coastal regions with internal communication networks.
Therefore, in order to create an economic flow in the country, it is possible to use the coastal cities in the south and north of the country. There are 23 coastal cities in the coastal strip of the southern region of the country, which are in direct contact with the land and the sea. The coastal cities of the southern provinces of the country account for about 85% of the province's population. Also, it is possible to use the advantages and favorable economic positions of the coastal cities located in the south of the country to help the economic flow in the southern provinces of the country and the settlement of the population in them. The economic prosperity and the existence of job opportunities in these beaches attract a large population from the country and even neighboring countries. In the following, the pattern of economic flow in these areas is presented.
Straits, natural passages, islands and coasts are fixed geopolitical factors that have a significant impact on the national power, foreign policy and sea and land strategies of countries. In fact, their geopolitical and geostrategic roles coincide. There is a direct relationship between the use of islands and the power of the coastal government, and the relevant government can play a more active role at the local, regional and global levels. One of the important regions with economic and security strategy in the Middle East is the Persian Gulf region. There are dozens of islands in the Persian Gulf, some of which belong to Iran and are located in the geographical boundaries of the three provinces of Hormozgan, Bushehr and Khuzestan. Some of these islands play a political, economic and military role to defend the southern coasts of Iran. Therefore, according to the pattern of the economic flow and the role of each settlement on the coasts of the country, it is possible to attract and settle the population in these areas.
The banks of Makran from Goatar, East Jask and Sirik are not only the least developed coasts of Iran, but based on development indicators, this axis is considered among the most backward areas of Iran. The Caspian coast from Astara to Kiashahr is the most densely populated coast and is close to the stage of population saturation. What is seen more than any other phenomenon in this coastal strip is the all-round confusion and disorganization in this area.
In this paper, according to the situation of the population settlement in the coasts of the country, the capacities and roles of each of the settlement points have been extracted according to the document of land preparation and the strategic document of sustainable development of the southern islands of the country. In this case, all settlements and islands play a role according to the division of national work between them and contribute to the development process in the coasts and as a result of the whole country. One of the basic emphases in the land preparation document is to use the capacities of these areas in promoting political, economic, social and cultural ties and relations with the countries of the region and the world, and in this regard, a heavy duty has been assigned to the border and coastal areas of the country.

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Background: In late December 2019, a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, as the causative agent of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pneumonia, began to spread from Wuhan, China. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is currently threatening the world’s public health and so far, no specific and effective treatment has been found for the disease. Due to the physiological changes in the body of pregnant women during pregnancy, the occurrence of infection in pregnant women could affect the health of both mother and her fetus. The present paper aimed to study the findings related to the effects of coronavirus on pregnant women and their fetuses during pregnancy, diagnostic methods, care protocols in pregnant women, and postpartum care.
Methods: The information included in this review was extracted from articles, published protocols, and valid statistics. In this study, articles indexed in Latin databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Embase, Scopus), clinical protocols, and reports of reputable health organizations from January to august 2020 were reviewed using a combination of the following keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, pregnant woman, and pregnancy.
Conclusion: Due to the global prevalence of this virus, protocols and health care should be applied for pregnant women in accordance with other people. It is also necessary to take preventive measures at the community level. In this regard, the management of pregnant women with COVID-19 infection is of particular importance during the pandemic period of the disease. However, more extensive studies are required to validate these principles. This review summarized the precautions that should be taken before and after delivery.

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Backgrounds: It is evident that the success of common cancer treatments is reduced due to limited drug access to tumor tissue, the drug toxicity intolerance in healthy cells, as well as the exposure of the immune system to the drug. Cancer stem cells are also a small population of tumor cells, which have different potentials for regeneration, proliferation, and differentiation and serve as a carcinogenic driving force. They are believed to play a key role in the onset, progression, drug resistance, recurrence of cancer, or metastasis. Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have a slight ability to migrate toward the tumor, they could be considered as a cellular carrier for tumor targeting due to lack of recognition by the host immune system. Stem cells with their own ligands could effectively target cancer cells. One of the CD markers that exist on the surface of stem cells is CD44v6, which is considered as a homing receptor. Given that the expression level of stem cell markers is reduced during consecutive cultures in vitro environment; therefore, in the present study, stem cells were engineered using CD44 lentiviral vectors to more effectively improve the implantation and targeting of the colon cancer cell model.
Materials & Methods: In this study, the structure of the CD44 gene was designed in lentiviral vectors and transfected to the HEK293T cell line along with auxiliary plasmids PSPAX2 and PMDG2. The growth medium of virus-containing cells was collected at optimized intervals, and transduction into mice mesenchymal stem cells, injection into mice, and homing processes were traced.
Findings: Successful production of lentiviral vectors and proper expression of the corresponding factor after transduction were effective in improving the MSC homing in cancer cell.
Findings: According to these findings, it could be suggested that high expression of CD44v6 factor could be effective in improving the implantation process in cancer cells and targeting treatment.
 

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Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a major cause of nosocomial infections. Today, the increasing trend of antibiotic resistance in this bacterium has created many therapeutic challenges. This study aimed to assess the antibiotic resistance pattern and the presence of the most important resistance genes in A. baumannii complex clinical isolates collected from two medical centers in Tehran.
Materials & Methods: In this study, 73 clinical isolates of A. baumanii complex belong to patients hospitalized in Sina and Shariati hospitals in 2018 were obtained from the university's microbial collection. Standard biochemical tests and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) detection of the 16srRNA gene were performed to confirm A. baumannii complex isolates. Antibiotic sensitivity test was done using disk diffusion method. Isolates with resistance to three or more antibiotic classes were defined as multidrug-resistant (MDR). The frequency of genes encoding aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and those responsible for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was determined using PCR method.
Findings: A total of 73 isolates were confirmed as A. baumannii complex. The isolates showed the highest resistance (100%) to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime They also showed high resistance to other antibiotics. Ninety-three percent of the isolates were classified as MDR. Genetic analysis confirmed the presence of bla_OXA-2, aphA6, and bla_VIM genes in 100% of A. baumannii complex isolates. Furthermore, the isolates contained ant (87.67%), bla_IMP (65.75%), aacC1 (76.71%), aadA1 (35.61%), and aadB (61.64%) genes.
Conclusion: The prevalence of antibiotic-resistant A. baumannii complex strains has increased among hospitalized patients, leading to significant therapeutic challenges.

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In this paper, the effect of extrusion die profile on the dimensional tolerance of a cross section of a part in a forward extrusion process was studied. In these experimental and numerical investigations, some parameters such as extrusion speed, metal flow, extrusion temperature and extrusion force were considered as process variables. The specimen was aluminium alloy 2014 with a variable wall thickness. The variable wall thickness causes the metal flow rate to be changed along the die orifice. As a result, the die which is used to produce this part must be suitable to control the flow rate of metal. In this study, two different dies were used to produce this part. In first die, to control the metal flow, variable bearing length method is used. In the second die, in addition to the bearing length method, a feeder is used in the narrow channels. From the experimental and numerical results, it was found that the first die is not good enough for manufacturing of this part. Because, the first die was not able to control uniform metal flow rate through the die orifice during the extrusion process. This drawback causes the die cavity to remain empty at the sharp corners which results a low quality and low dimensional accuracy in the product, especially in narrow channels. The numerical analysis results have shown that, the second die performance was much better than the first one. It was able to control uniform metal flow rate which causes high quality products.

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 Scheduling plays an important role in the development and success of the project; this has always been one of the main issues considered in operations and management science researches. Another reason for the focus of much research into it is the difficult nature of this problem. Therefore, special techniques and methods have been proposed to solve this problem. On the other hand, in order to intensify sanctions on foreign delaying projects, timely completion of projects has been accelerated. Therefore, attention to project robustness subject to project managements. In this article, a real issue is scheduled for a robust scheduling model of a refinery project. Since project scheduling has resource constraints such NP-Hard problems, simulated annealing algorithm was proposed to solve this problem. In order to validate the model, 4 problems with small size were chosen and the solutions obtained by the proposed algorithms were compared with the exact solution obtained by Lingo8 software. The results showed that the proposed algorithm is efficient and convergent to the optimal solution.

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In this study the effect of chickpea flour in three ranges of (0, 1.5 & 3%) and storage time in three ranges of (1, 11 & 21 days) on survival of lactobacillus paracasei and qualitative properties of fruit yogurt containing 15% apple puree was investigated using response surface method (RSM). The statistical analysis of the results showed that with increasing of chickpea flour up to 0.5%, lactobacillus paracasei viability increased but with increasing of flour more than this amount the bacterial count decreased significantly (P<0.05). The bacterial count decreased during storage (P<0.05). The addition of chickpea flour decreased pH, moisture content, syneresis and increased acidity, ash and apparent viscosity significantly (P<0.05). During storage pH and moisture content decreased and apparent viscosity increased (P<0.05). In sensorial evaluation of samples the addition of chickpea flour decreased the flavor score and improved consistency score (P<0.05). In conclusion, using of 2.36% of chickpea flour and with storage period of 9 days was determined as optimum conditions.

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Background: Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants. Apart from supportive care, no effective treatment for this disease has been identified so far. Accordingly, a double-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted on infants with a diagnosis of mild to moderate bronchiolitis. Material and Methods: Three clinical trial groups were designed, including Ventolin 0.15 mg/kg, Palmicort 125 mg twice a day, and normal saline nebulization every 4 hours. Clinical symptoms were monitored by asthma and allergy specialist daily, and the need for supplemental oxygen, recovery time from symptoms, and hospital days were recorded and compared between the three groups. Results: The results demonstrated that the frequency of oxygen requirement in both palmicort and normal saline groups was lower in compare to the ventolin group. But there was no significant difference between the three groups (P=0.765 and P=0.907, respectively). The duration of symptom improvement in the normal saline and palmicort group was significantly shorter than the Ventolin group (P=0.017). No significant difference was observed between the three groups of Ventolin, Pulmicort and normal saline during the treatment in terms of clinical score (P≥0.05). Conclusion: The obtained results showed that Ventolin or Palmicort nebulizer is not statistically better than normal saline for the treatment of children with bronchiolitis. Therefore, our results do not support the routine use of bronchodilators in the clinical setting for the management of mild to moderate forms of bronchiolitis in infants.
 

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