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Twenty five individuals of Javelin grunter, Pomadasys kaakan, collected from Abadan (29° N and 48° E) and Bandar Abbas (27° N and 56° E) stations along the Persian Gulf, was analyzed for relationship between two populations of this species, using Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP). A total of 410 putative loci were detected by six primer combinations, 88 of which were polymorphic (21.46%). The proportion of polymorphic loci in the Abadan and Bandar Abbas stations was calculated 88.64 and 68.18%, respectively. Average of heterozygosity in the Abadan (0.330) was higher than Bandar Abbas (0.222), which may be correlated with the environmental and ecological conditions of these stations. Nei’s genetic distance for the two populations was estimated 0.112. The phylogenetic tree revealed a clear distinction line between the two populations, supporting that dispersal of eggs and larvae in the Persian Gulf is spatially restricted. Pattern of isolation by distance was observed in this species, indicating that the gene pool of P. kaakan in the Persian Gulf was not homogeneous. The results also showed that AFLP is a potent technique for genetic fingerprinting and species identification.

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We present a method to predict the flexible and rigid regions based on sequence. We use the free energy of two consequent amino acids to define a factor for distinguishing flexible regions from the rigid ones. Using statistical analysis of this free energy, we assign a normalized number between zero to one hundred which we call it flexibility number. Taking the effects of up to four neighbors of an amino acid, into account, resulted in an efficient prediction of flexible and rigid regions of a protein.

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This paper discusses a comparative study between ISO 900:2000 standards and two groups of total quality management approaches, one proposed by different intelligents such as, Crosby, Deming, etc. and the other by two widely used quality awards namely EFQM and MBNQA. Based on this study seven criteria and their subـcriteria were identified which determines the differences and communalities between ISO 9000:2000 standards and also indicate that these standards comply with a total quality approach. Based on the comparative analysis conducted, two similar instruments in questionnaire with alike content were developed to measure the level of implemention of TQM in the organizations implementing TQM and to collect the views of quality experts respectively. Through statistical tests, reliability and validity including construct validity of the mentioned above instruments were approved by factor analysis. Finally by analyzing the data collected from the two instruments a gap analysis aimed at identifying the differences between what is really done in the organizations and what quality experts believe that should be done was performed. The results of this research can help the organizations of the country in their efforts on implementing TQM.

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Present paper is a theoretical research in the field of semantics based on componential analysis of meaning with a diachronic approach. Lexical forms and semantic roles of “ba” have been cited and analyzed from historical sources and books of grammar and also from Sokhan Persian dictionary to be analyzed diachronically within the frame work of structural semantics.
One of the problems investigated in this research is proving polysemy of “ba” with regard to diachronic and synchronic semantic clues. The other investigated problem is justification of the mentioned preposition’s grammaticalization on the basis of its polysemy. The preposition “ba” is the remainder of upāka- from old Persian. upāka- has meant “near, beside” in Sanskrit and has had the semantic component [accompany]. In middle Persian this word has turned into abāg which had prepositional function and with addition of a suffix it had become a noun; abāgīh meant “accompaniment”. Through suffixation it also became verb, meant “to accompany”. In this article polysemy of “ba” has been studied based on its main meaning found via historical view over its semantic behavior and conceptual transmission model.
Questions which the authors have intended to answer are: 1. What was the primary meaning of “ba”? 2.  How and in how many steps has this word been grammaticalized? 3. Which meanings of this word have been derived from its primary meaning? and 4. Which semantic component relates different meanings of “ba” together?  
Investigations have showed in the process of Persian change, this preposition has passed through two processes of grammaticalization: first, a noun has become a preposition with the meaning of “accompaniment” and second, in the next step it has found other semantic functions; namely “source” and other related meanings. So, in the first step, the preposition has undergone primary grammaticalization and in the next step it has undergone secondary grammaticalization. The authors have recognized sixteen meanings for “ba” and have put these meanings into two groups. The first group contain meanings derived from “accompaniment” which show “person” conceptualization on Heine’s scalar about categorization metaphors. The second group of meanings are those which are the result of secondary grammaticalization of “ba” which are help, instrument, substance, manner, agency, comparison, opposition, and exchange. These show “thing”, “activity” and “process” conceptualized metaphors on Heine’s scalar have been made by Persian speakers.
 

 

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An efficient reduced-order modeling (ROM) approach to predict unsteady behavior of partial cavity flows is proposed. The unsteady potential flow along with the cavity effects is analyzed using the boundary element method (BEM). Partial cavity flow is modeled based on the partially non-linear model without re-gridding with some modification. Proposed reduced-order model (PROM) is based on the fluid eigenmodes. The spatial iterative scheme that is usually used to determine the cavity extent is efficiently removed in order to construct the flow eigensystem. Eigenanalysis and reduced-order modeling of unsteady flows over a NACA 16-006 section are performed using the proposed reduced-order modeling approach. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. Comparison between the obtained results of the proposed method and those of conventional ones indicates that the present algorithm works well with sufficient accuracy. Finally, it is shown that the proposed method is computationally more efficient than the conventional one for unsteady sheet cavitation analysis on hydrofoils.

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The nose and nasal cavity and sinuses are a parts of the upper respiratory system and study the air passage into the upper component of human airway is important to improve or cure deficiency in human respiration cycle. The nose performs many important physiological functions, including heating, humidifying and filtering inspired air, as well as sampling air to smell. Previously, numerical modeling of turbulent flow in nasal cavity, sinus, pharynx and larynx has rarely been employed Since the 1990s, with the development of computed tomography technology and computational fluid dynamics, a number of numerical studies on gas and particle flows in realistic nasal cavities have been conducted and provided precise data for deeper insight of the nature of nasal airflows. Also, most of pioneering studies in this field have been developed to the investigation of only nasal cavity without sinuses especially maxillary sinus So, this research is tried to study details of turbulent airflow through all spaces in human head that air can flow through. For this purpose, study has based on computed tomography scans image of a 26-years old female head, neck and chest without problems in her respiratory system from Shahid Chamran hospital, Shiraz, Iran. It is found that, nasal resistance was contribute up to half of the total airway resistance within the first 2-3 cm of the airway and the majority of the flow in this region remained close to the septum wall and only a small proportion reached the olfactory region.

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Besides economic factors affecting economic growth, some cultural, political and social factors influence economic growth and development too; inter alia, social components play important roles. Social instability originating from social threats is one of the most important social components, which affects economic growth. This study aims to investigate the consequences of social instability on economic growth in Iran during 1981-2011. For this purpose, the Auto- Regressive Distributed LagModel (ARDL) and Error Correction Model (ECM) are estimated by Eviews.5 and Microfit 4.1. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), an index for social instability (absence of social capital) is made. The results show that physical capital, labor and social instability have the highest effectiveness on economic growth, respectively. Paying attention of policymakers to improving social conditions and reducing social instabilities may lead to higher economic growth.  

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In this paper simulation of steady super cavitation phenomenon اhas been considered by using partial non-linear model of Boundary Element Method(BEM).The grid mesh used is fixed and the strength of dipole and source are constant on each element. With the assumption of a partial non-linear model the cavity condition is applied on the body with the assumption that cavity height is low. Thus there is not any calculation on the cavity surface, but it is restricted to only the panels on the body surface. Cavitation number is known at first and the cavity length is determined in every iteration. When the lengths obtained in two successive iterations are very close to each other it assumed to be the answer. Based on this method two Kutta conditions including Morino condition and Iterative Pressure Kutta Condition(IPKC) are studied to satisfy the wake surface condition. The application is a wing with NACA16006 section. Iterative pressure Kutta condition compared to Morino condition needs higher computational costs, but on the other hand leads to more accurate results. It has been shown that the simulation of the flow with super cavitation over wing leads to a pressure difference at the trailing edge of each strip if we use Morino’s Kutta condition. While if Iterative Pressure Kutta Condition is usedthe results are satisfactory. Comparing the results show that this method leads to very accurate predictions for the behavior of flows with cavitation, while significantly lower computational cost is required if we use the simple cavity closure condition.

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In this study a numerical model based on the finite element method is used to simulate the behavior of human lumber spine. Due to lack of realistic models, in the present work a lumber spine model is generated from Computational tomography (CT-Scan) images by Mimics 17 software. Also, according to the wide range of loading conditions, to achieve realistic results, optimized loads acquired from other researches are used. Human lumber spine model which is used in this study consists of five vertebrae, five discs, and all ligaments. Model is loaded under statically conditions and calculated with ANSYS-Abaqus 16 (Simulia Inc., Providence, USA) software. Obtained results are compared with other numerical simulation results and experimental measurements which are reported in other researches. Numerical modeling consists of six cases as follows: intervertebral rotation, interadiscal pressure and facet joint forces under the axial rotation and lateral bending with compressive follower force loadings. In all cases, intervertebral rotation, interadiscal pressure and facet joint forces are reported. Comparisons show that obtained results have a good agreement with experimental measurements. Therefore, results show that realistic model with optimized loadings predicted the behavior of lumber spine more accurate than other numerical models.

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This study examines the impact of Total Quality Managemen (TQM) with principle of the Business Excellence Model (EFQM) on the company's financial performance trend. Total quality management (TQM) and Business Excellence Model (EFQM) are as a means to increase efficiencies and improve the financial performance of the company. This study is a case study on the sazeh pouyesh company - one of Tehran Stock Exchange firms, and analysing financial ratios of this company during the period of 1384 to 1391 base on 1387 (year of the TQM model implementation). The method used to evaluate the performance of the company, compare dispersion and slope of ratios and to evaluate the effectiveness of TQM implementation model of effect size indicators are used. This research shows that TQM model improves the company's financial performance and change in company's trend, when applying model can not improve at least is able to stabled financial performance.

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The aim of this study was to prepare an active film based on polyethylene containing thymol and linalool (%0, 1, 1.5, 2) and use it as packaging in mozzarella cheese. For this purpose, the mechanical and barrier properties of the polyethylene films containing thymol and linalool were analyzed. The results showed that the use of thymol and linalool did not significantly reduce the oxygen permeability of the polyethylene film(p < 0.05). Water vapour permeability was significantly decreased by incorporating linalool and thymol ( 1.5, 2%). Tensile strength and elongation at break were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in polyethylene films containing thymol and linalool than in the control sample. Results show that mozzarella packed with polyethylene films containing thymol and linalool had higher pH and lower acidity than the control sample. The sensory analysis results revealed that coated cheese with polyethylene composed of linalool(1.5%) and thymol 2% was the most attention by panellists compared with others. Based on the results,  films containing thymol and linalool improved the chemical and sensory properties of mozzarella cheese. Therefore, films treated with thymol and linalool can act as active packaging.

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Background and Objective: Epilepsy is one of the most complex neurological disease.   Despite existence of synthetics drugs for epilepsy, some patients suffer from side effects of available medicine and unresponsiveness of seizures.  Use of traditional herbal medicine for treatment of disease is proposed as a therapeutic modality.  In attention to components of Hyssopus officinalis L and use of it in folk medicine, the aim of this investigation was to study of the anti-convulsive effects of Hyssopus officinalis L extract on epilepsy
Material and methods: In this experimental study 56 adult male mice divided into 7 groups (n=8) including: 1-control group receiving only Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), 2- sham group receiving distilled water and 5 experimental groups that 30 minutes before PTZ injection received   hyssopus by gavages in doses of 100, 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of body weight and diazepam by injection in doses of 2 mg/kg.  Kindling was achieved by 12times intraperitoneal injection of 45 mg/kg of body weight of PTZ at every 48 hours.
Results: Data analysis indicated that treatment with hyssopus has a significant effect on chemical kindling that comparable with diazepam. It decreases progress of seizure phases considerably (P˂0.05) and increases latency time of seizure significantly (P˂0.05) but don’t has significant effect on seizure duration.
Conclusion: The results shows extract of Hyssopus officinalis L has anticonvulsant effect on PTZ kindling. Thus, it may to be beneficial for seizure treatment

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Environmental and climatic factors have been found to play a fundamental role in the formation of ancient societies. The Godin III period or the New Bronze Age (1400-2600 BC) has actually been the most important Bronze Age stage in western Iran, which played a key role in the cultural structure and urban formation. The main goal of this research is to reveal the spatial distribution of the Godin III period in relation to climatic conditions and geography of Lorestan province’s Silakhor plain. The results of the spatial autocorrelation analysis indicate that the spatial distribution of Godin III followed a linear cluster pattern, with two climatic factors of precipitation and vegetation being the most important environmental elements. The frequently distributed ancient sites of the Godin III period have a spatial correlation of 0.75 with vegetation in Silakhor Plain showing that more than 75% of the investigated sites fall into the maximum rainfall category. The results dedicated that 90% of the investigated sites are located less than 1 km away from permanent rivers, especially the Silakhor River. Rainfall, vegetation, and surface water sources have created a linear cluster spatial distribution pattern for ancient sites of the Godin III period at the lowest elevation level. The results indicate that the lowest elevation provided the main platform for the Godin III period thus there was the absence of a major threat from the foreign enemy to the mind.