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The antiquity of stylistic studies in Iran is seriously owed as an independent field due to the persistent and research efforts of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar. By studying the research literature, we find that Bahar's Stylistics has not been properly studied and his theoretical stylistic approach has not been discovered and extracted yet. Therefore, the aim of the authors was to acquire the theory or theoretical approach of Bahar, and discover and recognize the variables and components of the stylistic theory of him, categorization, hypothesized, and presenting a model based on it by the method and technique of qualitative-deep content analysis. According to the purpose, the works of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar in the field of stylistics were studied based on purposeful sampling and theoretical saturation criteria. From the content of these works by deleting , adding,  modifying, and summarizing, 409 basic codes were obtained. Finally, during the three coding steps, a model of code was extracted that represents the two blocks "texture and context", and "stylistics"; It also shows the main hypothesis of how “texture and context" affect "style". The findings of this study showed that according to Bahar's view, "texture and context" has a significant impact on "style" and "stylistics", that this connection and influence has been neglected. Finally, the variables and concepts of his approach, as well as the relationships of these variables with each other are discovered and eventually lead to modeling, and reinforcing the assumption that he was a connoisseur in this field.
 

1.  Introduction

Contemporary Iranian literature and research should be a logical and rational continuation of our literary, cultural, and philosophical traditions. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize and study the theories, theoretical approaches, and insights into the great and pioneers of literary research in various fields. Therefore, the aim of the authors about style was to acquire the theory or theoretical approach of Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar, the prominent feature of modern Iranian stylistics. The antiquity of stylistic studies in Iran is seriously owed as an independent field due to the persistent and research efforts of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar. Of course, in the biographies, texts of the past, and the poetry of the poets, we encounter synonymous and parallel words of "style", but this literature does not fully present the features and concepts hidden in the word "style". By studying the research literature, we find that Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar's Stylistics has not been properly studied and his theoretical stylistic approach has not been discovered and extracted yet.
Objective
 The aim of this study is to discover and recognize the variables and components of the stylistic theory of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar in order to categorize, hypothesize, and present a model based on it. This study also proposes the method of qualitative content analysis in literary studies, especially stylistic studies, in order to better understand the views, background of thought, as well as the methodology of Persian language and literature.
Research Question(s)

• Is it possible to achieve his theoretical approach to style by analyzing the qualitative content of his works?
• Is it possible to find a model that supports theories of style in Persian to compensates for the theoretical deficit and poverty of the research in this field?
• Can the result of this research and related researches lead to a new method by scientific and research solution in literature?

 

2.  Literature Review

Research in the field of stylistics of Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar is either mixed with other literary techniques such as literary criticism, rhetoric and the history of literature or they do not match the standards of today's research. These studies have not yet introduced, defined and analyzed Bahar's theoretical approach to stylistics, and they have only referred to the whole book of Stylistics or without using a qualitative or even quantitative method, they have talked about only a few stylistic components. In this respect , it should refer to the article entitled "Style Theory in Iran" (2011) that only a limited part of it, is partially related to the subject of the present study. In this article, the author has tried to explain and critique the concept of style from the point of view of Iranian stylists. This brief analysis shows that the author has not made a qualitative or even quantitative analysis of Bahar's works on stylistics. Therefore, it cannot be expected that this article will fully express Bahar's theoretical approach to style. Other studies have not been written exactly in this field with the method of qualitative content analysis, and what has been written has not been done by the method of qualitative content analysis; articles such as “Stylistic of Maghamat-e Hamedani & Hariri Based on Buziman's Statistical Stylistics”(2015) and “Statistical Stylistics Mechanisms in Evaluation of Style”(2018) have used quantitative, descriptive and statistical methods for stylistics of texts, which is not the subject of discussion and opinion of this paper.

3.  Methodology

After studying and reflecting on the methodological issues of language and literature, the authors came to the conclusion that description and counting frequency do not lead to accurate results, rather, one should seek help from the text itself to obtain categories and components of macro-concepts, including "style" and "stylistic approach". For this reason, the method and technique of qualitative-deep content analysis were chosen, which has not been used in text analysis, especially literary research. For this purpose, MAXQDA and SPSS content analysis software were used.
 

4.  Conclusion

According to the purpose and method of research, the works of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar in the field of stylistics were studied based on purposeful sampling and theoretical saturation criteria. 409 basic codes were obtained from the content of these works, by deletion, addition, modification, and summarization. Finally, during the three coding steps, a model of code was extracted that represents the two blocks "texture and context", and "stylistics"; It also shows the main hypothesis of how “texture and context" affect "style". The findings of this study showed that according to Bahar's view, "texture and context" has a significant impact on "style" and "stylistics" in Iran, that this connection and influence has been neglected or not explained logically and accurately in stylistic research so far. Finally, the variables and concepts of the theoretical stylistic approach of the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar, as well as the relationships of these variables with each other are discovered and eventually lead to modeling, and reinforcing the assumption that he was an expert in this field.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality characteristics of bread produced by yeasts and  lactobacillus isolated from native Iranian sourdough. Initially for the preparation sourdough, fresh microbial cells with certain number of colonies, by centrifugation were isolated of initial culturing bacteria and yeasts. Then equivalent 10% weight flour ,microbial cells mixed with equal amounts of water and flour. After processing identical samples to assess the quality characteristics of bread used  of  sensory evaluation test, image processing and Texture analysis. The experiments in a completely randomized design and completely randomized block with three replications were performed. The results showed that the samples significant effect  on the quality characteristics. The results indicate that sourdough can be  increasing the porosity of the sample So that e treat with 42 percent  had the highest degree of porosity also sourdough delaying staling. According to the results from this study, treatment of Lactobacillus reuteri and Saccharomyces cerevisiae had  best Sensory evaluation, porosity and texture.

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In this study, nonlinear behavior of an atomic force microscopes (AFM) immersed in acetone, water, carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and 1-butanol is investigated using non-classical strain gradient theory. In this theory, the size effect of system is taking into account by means of material length scale parameter. The nonlinear behavior of the AFM is due to the nonlinearity of the AFM tip–sample interaction caused by the Van der Waals attraction/repulsion force. Behavior of micro beam immersed in liquid is completely different with its behavior in air and vacuum due to the existence of hydrodynamic force. The Resonant frequencies, mode shapes, governing nonlinear partial and ordinary differential equations (PDE and ODE) of motion, stability analysis, boundary conditions, potential function and phase-plane of the system are obtained analytically in the present study. Furthermore, the results are compared with the one obtained by the modified couple stress theory. For this purpose, the AFM and the probe at the free end of micro beam are modeled as a lumped mass. The fixed end of micro beam is excited by piezoelectric element. The nonlinear PDE of motion is derived based on Euler-Bernoulli theory by employing the Hamilton principle. The Galerkin method is utilized to gain the governing nonlinear ODE of motion and the obtained ODE is analytically solved by means of perturbation techniques.

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