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Fire can not only lead to many human and financial losses, but also can cause structures to collapse and destroy them. For this reason, it is necessary and inevitable to protect buildings against fire and conduct more research in the field of better understanding the effects of combining different materials with each other and obtaining materials with greater resistance to fire. Concrete and concrete structures are always used by construction engineers due to their resistance, availability and resilience against fire. Ordinary concrete loses its strength at high temperatures, and the use of unreinforced concrete is not very useful due to its brittleness and weakness in tensile strength. In concrete, the tensile strength is lower than its compressive strength, and for this reason, researchers are trying to increase the resistance to fire and heating by improving the tensile strength of concrete. Reinforcing concrete with rebar is always a solution to increase the tensile strength in concrete parts, one of the most important weaknesses of using rebar in concrete is that the reinforcements form a small part of the concrete cross-section and actually cause the concrete to be inhomogeneous. In this research, double-bent steel fibers have been used to overcome the mentioned weakness and reinforce the concrete. It should be noted that concrete containing steel fibers has favorable compressive and tensile strength due to the high tensile strength of steel fibers. In order to achieve this goal and achieve fiber concrete that has good fire resistance, we defined seven different mixing plans with different percentages of steel fibers and lubricants. Concrete samples were produced using double-bent steel fibers in amounts of 0.5, 1, and 1.2 percent by volume of concrete and superlubricant in 0.5, 1, and 1.3 percent by weight of cement, and then in Cubic molds with dimensions of 10x10x10 cm and cylindrical ones were sampled as standard, and after setting the cement, the 28-day-old concrete samples, after heating and placing inside the electric heater with different temperatures, were divided into two The method of gradual cooling with ambient air and fog spraying (water spraying) is similar to what firefighters do when extinguishing a fire, after measuring the amount of weight loss of the heated samples, the weight loss values ​​were presented in the form of a diagram, then the samples were subjected to tests Compressive strength, tensile strength (Brazilian test) and ultrasonic wave speed (ultrasonic test) were placed, and the results and data of each of them for each mixing design were presented in the form of a diagram after examination and classification, so that the effect of high heat on Concrete containing steel fibers and super-lubricant should be determined. The results clearly showed the improvement of the tensile strength in three volume percentages of fibers by 14.6, 16.8 and 64.5%, respectively, compared to concrete without fibers, and also the compressive strength of concrete after bearing the heat of 250 degrees Celsius and cooling to the fogging method had 44.5, 31.6, and 9.3 percent, respectively, and in the gradual air cooling method, the compressive strength was 43.3, 44.9, and 50 percent, respectively.


 

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Attention was paid to color as the most important element in the realm of perceptible world in the human life  from ancient  times ,that  charmed his spirit and  is basically the cause of decorating world and demonstrates the might of worlds skillful painter. Nowadays , as many of literary and artistic prominent of the world opinion , color is the most important element in appearing artistic creativity . since a poem is the selection of words , or in concise form , it is a kind of drawing with words , the selection of colors can not be ineffective in a poets artistic activity spectrum . In fact , the conscious or unconscious selection of any color by a poet , reveals his attitude towards the universe and its phenomena.
Paying attention to the frequency of the color-related word in any poets works , can make us aware of the poets manners and his moral characteristics , and the underlying layers of his theology . in this essay , by considering the lexical frequency of words, through a more scientific method , we have tried to find some new points about S.Sepehris manners and his features.
 

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One of those fictional streams is the tendency of women writers towards independence in writing and their attempt for establishing a kind of feminine writing style. According to some of its claimers, this style would be acquired through reconsidering patriarchal narratives and attempt to form a protest-critical movement with an approach of rereading mythical narratives. The novel “Welcome to the Hades” written by Belgheys Soleimani is a mythical-critical novel, in which the author as a representative of women population, has tried to present a kind of mythical model. Through this model, she tries to illustrate the ignored stand of women in society by some mythical narrations.It seems as if, according to her, ignorance of the role of women in patriarchal narratives such as war narratives, corresponds to the ignorance of goddesses in myths. Since mythical novels, as a result of following the mythical model, are character-based, the research has tried to focus on the main character of the novel and her spiritual-psychic status through the events of plot, and has based its theoretical framework on a consolidated approach towards theories of Transtextuality by Gerard Genette and archetypal analysis by Pearson. The result shows that the writer, by integration of Iranian mythical narrations like Rostam & Sohrab and Rostam & Esfandiar, and focus on Greek myth “Persefone & Hades”, tries to protest against the patriarchal process of mythical narratives in eastern and western parts of the world, and as a result to show that human society is only rescued by deconstructing male/female contrast and also revival of women rights. Representation of Rodabe in archetypal character of “Orphan” and her conversion to unsuccessful “Terminator”, shows the structural congruence of text and character with the theme of protest in the novel.

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Saeed Bozorg Bigdeli, Ph.D.
Hossein Ali Qobadi, , Ph.D.
Seyyed Ali Qasemzadeh
 
Abstract
Myths are among those mass narratives which are constantly reconstructed, recreated, or reprocessed in a variety of forms due to their interconnection with archetypes and symbols. One of the best grounds for the emergence of myths’ manifestations in the contemporary era is in the form of novel. Surely, the tight link and mutual requisiteness of fiction with the world’s new events, added to the narrative features of novel and the potential of this contemporary fictional form in the reflection of diverse subjects and tastes, methods, manners, styles, that is in addition to the display of the common and popular thoughts, beliefs and discourses in the society, all together made the structure and narrative elements of novel become the most vast ground for the emergence and manifestation of myths or even hinting to them. The aforementioned approach in novelists who base their work on myths, paves the way for the inter-textual analysis of mythological novels as they use and reflect myths; which is due to the attention they pay to conceptual indications and the intended symbolical myths in the mind.     
The recreation of myths in the form of narratives in the new era should be considered one of the prominent elements in the deep influence of postmodernism literature. In this relation, the present article intends to analyze “Salmargi”, with an inter-textual approach joined with narrative analysis. “Salmargi” is an Iranian post-modern fiction which has been shaped with two major and key mythological themes; one is the opposition of “life and death” in the form of mythological narratives of killing-the-son and the other “sacrifice”; with emphasize on the innocence and meekness of the heroes. While the major narration of the story is devoted to the Imposed War or rather influenced by it, “Salmargi” counts as one of the first post-modern experiences of the Iranian novelists about war.
 

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Sayyed Mortaza Qasemzadeh Associate Professor Department of Law, Faculty of Judicial Sciences and Admenistrative Services  Although, the meaning of interpretation and adjustment is clear and each one should be applied in its own place, it is possible that the judge interpret it in the coverage of adjustment. The message of this article is that the mentioned meanings have independency and each one naturally should be used in its own place and whenever the interpretations in the coverage of adjustment, it's authorized and its reversed is forbidden. The main aim in interpretation is making clear contract provisions and obviating its ambiguity as well. All interpretators' at temp is to obviate all covers with the use of interpreting rules and to achieve to the common intention of both parties. Judge cannot deviate from common will of both parties and review on the provisions of contract or impose his own will on them, though it is near to justice or in agreed with it. Because, the justice should be searched in the shadow of parties mutual consent which has obtained in freedom. But in adjustment ( legal & jurisdiction), it is revocated from common intention of both parties and contract provisions coordinate with new conditions. Nevertheless, on the basis of an analysis, legal adjustment specified by judge ends to contract interpretation; it refers basically to the contract adjustment and has root in agreement of both parties. Because this analysis is justified by using a kind of joint & implied consent provision and as a result interpretation occures in the coverage of adjustment. This article has been prepared and compiled in two parts: binary interpretation and adjustment (first part) and the requirement of will governing principle, adjustment and similar samples in divine law and subject law (second part), respectively.

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Nature and its elements play a critical role in the intellectual system of the first man. The plant is one of these natural elements that has appeared in parallel and with similar functions in the mythology of different nations. Hence, it has been transmitted to the next generations as an ideological heritage, and due to its symmetry with human nature, they have found a same and sometimes identical form in the of nations. The comparative review of mythological plants and their functions among the myths of various nations can illustrate the role of nature, especially the familiarity with its common source in human mythology making. The results of the research show that the range of plant function, from the myth of creation and its manifestations in the mythology of the plant goddesses, the process of birth and rebirth of mythical heroes and even their function in the transformation or giving a divine nature to human beings; like the attachment of invulnerability and immortality to human beings up to the myths of death and plant resurrection of the holy super humans belong to the perception of human-plant relationships in the mythology of nations and their relation to the worldview of the triple social systems of the mythical age. Based on this pattern, most of the mythical traditions of the plant world are based on the insight of the clerical class that has been created for the subconscious to preserve their birth, life, and ritual continuity in the form of sacred philosophy of life.

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The metaphorical and symbolic structure of the myth and its ancient foundations always provide the basis for the return of mythology in peoples' minds and languages. Ritual beliefs and ceremonies in different regions reveal the powerful presence of human thoughts and aspirations. The symbolic presence of mythical plants and animals in contemporary era is one of the characteristics of the mysterious nature of the past and of life, which refers to the hierarchy of life, that is to say, the passage of time from immortality to the universe of incarnation. Stone engraving is one of the neglected dimensions to trace this stage. The engravings of animals or plants on the tombs of different tribes may be proof of the presence of these mysterious phenomena of the human mind. They are mysterious attitude to life and death and always suggests the survival of mythological views and beliefs. In this research, the authors have tried to explain and study the cemeteries of the village of Souran using the method of mythical criticism and field observation. The results of the research showed that most mythic beliefs persist in the form of the symbolic presence of animals and plants along the signs of the foundation of myth, which testify to the resurrection and survival of early doctrines in general beliefs of the region; By moving through history and reaching the present age, it continues to affect the image and belief of people in the region.
 

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One of the procedures of criticism is the combination approach of sociology-psychology in analyzing the literal texts, especially a drama and mental situation of a traumatized and terrified person in an autocratic society that is realized from storied writings, particularly novels. Tanab Keshi, written by Majid Gheisari, is a realistic novel about the holy defense. This novel depicts the living conditions of a traumatized Persian origin family, away from the imposed war between Iran and Iraq. This study has clarified the intertexual relation by Rolan Barests` theory—intertexuality reading—; then, base on Ervin Gaffman`s theory – stigma—and the theoretical approach of Adler—inferiority complex—has tried to find a remedy to retrieve the blemished identity of a traumatized character. This study indicates that the novel`s text has a hidden intertexual connection with the three of the previous texts: Quran, stigma, and Masnavi Molana.Ethnic-religious stigma that involves other family members is a sign of mental-cultural problems of an autocratic society. One of the consequences of this kind of stigma for family members is having disappointment about being accepted by the society; moreover, the feeling of having an ominous destiny, unsafety, and also being stranded in perilous mental obsessions such as, inferiority complex which has affected Fares (the narrator) and made him to have a defensive and forcible reaction, so that it has brought malice and vengeance.

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The subject of obligation and possesstion should be definite, for instance, in a bilateral contract, consideration must be definite and if it is not so, the contract will not be concluded and that makes it void (Article: 216,338 and 384 civil code if Iran). The consideration may not be mentioned either due to carelessness or oblivion or when the two parties intentionally refuse to mention it in the contract and leave it to expert's view, customary law, common practices or well-known norms to determine it. When determination of consideration or price of a contract requires expert surveying and estimation or accounting operations, the involved parties are compelled to leave this task to a later time and not to mention it in the contract. The question in such a situation is whether these kinds of contracts are valid and binding or either of the parties can refuse to perform his/her commitments by resorting just to the pretext that the contract is invalid or the agreements is defected. At ention must be paid to the fact that not mentioning a price in the contract does not always mean that the consideration is indefinite and it depends on the agreement between the parties involved. Agreement on the methods and rule of determining the subject of obligation or possesstion, that is to say, specifying the rule and criterion for determining the subject of obligation or possesstion is sufficient because it is thus determined with that rule and such contracts cannot be considered as null and void with the pretext that the consideration is indefinite. In legal obligations and possesstions assigned by the law, it is usually preferable to determine methods and mention an exact price or cost. Not mentioning the subject of obligation or possesstion does not nullify the terms or the contract and the terms even in the Islamic jurisprudence and as it is quite well known they do not consider the indefinite condition as nullifying the terms or the contract. Since the indefinite condition cannot be considered a valid condition because obligation of an obliged person to perform an indefinite act is impossible, the condition shall thus be null and void but in cases where the ambiguity of the condition can be removed in future and it can be performed, the condition is not null and void.

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In the archetype of sacrifice, the element of sacrifice is chosen according to the type of culture, religion, livelihood, etc. Cow, as an ancient myth in the mythological story of genesis in Iran is a prominent element of sacrifice and this was an important part of the ritual. Through shedding cow's blood, the earth was revived, and through eating his flesh, the followers of the religion could be immortal. However, after Zoroastrianism, several reasons such as opposition to symbols of Mythraism propagating monotheism, and the necessity of settlement and development of civilization, the sacrifice of cow was opposed, and Zoroastrianism respected its life, but there have been reports of sacrificing cows in Zoroastrianism, suggesting the need to carry out this ritual, to help the fertility of the land and reviving the life cycle. Nevertheless, the reaction Zoroastrianism showed to the sacrifice of cow shifted the myth of immortality and protecting earth to a new level, and rationalized the mythological themes. This study, accordingly, analyzes the archetype of sacrificing cow in Mithraism and Zoroastrianism borrowing Jung's theory and a descriptive-analytic research method.

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The present study was conducted in Electric Blue Cichlid Sciaenochromis fryeri in early larval developmental stages from the fifth day post hatching (DPH) until 51 DPH to determine day of transforming from embryo to juvenile. Morphological characteristics were evaluated by using ImageJ software. Allometric growth patterns were calculated based on the formula Y=aX^b. Yolk sac depletion was occurred on day 9. Scales were developed on day 19 and finaly developed juvenile shape. allometric pattern of different body segments were calculated according to isometry, positive, and negative allometry. Positive allometry of head and tail prior to inflexion point and variation in allometric growth pattern in different body segment determine priorities of organogenesis for survival in fish early life history. The obtained results showed consistency between the larval morphological changes and development of organs related to sensory movements and larval behavior. Every morphological change in larvae displays the development and evolution of one of the organs involved in feeding, breathing, swimming and sensory organs.

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    The purpose of this paper is to examine the structural elements of narrative based on theoretical model of actional –manipulative regime of discourse in Persian classical and contemporary Literature. Investigating the narrative structures of Persian fiction literature, both classical and contemporary, indicates specific narrative rules in the plot structures of these works and have led to their categorization in actional regime of narratives with different approaches. The hypothesis of the present research is that each story begins with a kind of imperfection and actor’s efforts to liquidate this imperfection and to achieve the object of value in the chain of narrative and discourse. Now, the question of the current research is as follows: what are the underlying mechanisms of actional – manipulative and narratives in Persian fictional literature, based on examples drawn from classical and contemporary stories? The results indicated that in this narrative structure the actor is in the quest of achieving something worthy by referring to convincing and persuasive approaches with various features such as encouragement, threats, flattery, bribe, provocation and rebellion.
 

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One of the difficulties for the addressee who encounters theosophical texts is the inability to comprehend the experiences gained by the theosophist. Regardless of language and scientific understanding of linguistic signs, it is impossible to discover how to make sense of the phenomenal world in theosophical discourse. In line with Heidegger who considers language the house of being, the truth of theosophy is also manifested in language; but for some reasons like the inability of language to express experiences, obstacles in the way of understanding the truth and theosophical experiences, the difficult topic and the extraordinarily of theosophist’s experiences, etc. theosophical language seems difficult and complicated to find. Especially in theosophical discourse, the theosophist/subject as an agent and narrator of theosophy encounters different objects. On the one hand there is the sensory phenomenal world and his sensual experience and on the other hand, we see his mental-theosophical experience which is the interansferable and immediate part of his experience. In this research and in the framework of phenomenological, linguistic and philosophical insights of Eric Landowski the authors have tried to decipher the process of signification of the phenomenal world in two attitudinal systems called Pantheism and Intuitionism in theosophical discourse. Ontologically speaking, the theosophist/subject portrays his relation to the world/text from two viewpoints which are existential and intuitional in nature. As a subject, he makes sense of the phenomenal world in new ways and consequently he will have a different process of birth and semiotic acquisition in front of himself. In this research it has been tried to apply some considerable principles and phenomenological basics in mystical discourse and the relationship between subject and object and subject to the text of the world. Concepts such as Perception, the sensitive, Lived experience, interaction of subject and object, Presence, mental perception  and the way we look at phenomena, co-presence, the importance of motivation and Social requirements, etc., have paved the way to the study and analysis of the meaning and perception of the mystical discourse. This approach gives us the opportunity to focus on the subject and the object and the relationship between them. The present study provides a context for better understanding of meaning and phenomena. Based on discursive and phenomenological perspective, the present study attempts to examine the mystic-subject semiotic approach to the text of the world of phenomena in the field of theoretical mysticism. Therefore, the combination of mysticism discourse in this article refers to theoretical mysticism and mystical foundations based on ontology. The main objective of this paper is Rereading of how to produce meaning in two intuitive and existential approaches and in the language of mysticism, which have been done in the theoretical framework of Eric Landowski. This approach answers the following questions in this research:
How does the mystic look at the world of phenomena shape the subject view?
- How is it possible to establish a relationship between the meaning in the discourse of mysticism with the mystic thoughts and perceptions of mystical experience?
- How the presence of subject and two-way interaction cause to create meaning in mysticism?
 The type of mystic view answers these questions; since the alterity and the object in the world of phenomena are determined by a reference point, and in the discourse of mysticism, this reference point is the mystic presence and narrator of mysticism who plays the role of an independent and dynamic subject.This semiotic process is undoubtedly based on the ontological view of the subject about the category of existence and its multiplicity in two mystical attitudes; that is, the view of intuitive unity and existential unity. The first factor in the difference between the processes of giving meaning to the text-world in these two mystical systems is the mystic-subject point of view, which creates two completely different way of the Scheduled and unity. The difference in the type of meaning of the text-world between the intuitive and existential mystic has continued to make difference between all the mystical beliefs such as having an instrumental view to phenomena or interaction with them, the concept of annihilation and the concept of theoretical and practical mystical education.
 
 

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For extraordinary properties of carbon nanotube (CNT), a lot of research has been done about its application to reinforce different materials such as electronic and building materials, and good effects of CNT have been observed. Experimental approach for determining the properties of composites containing fibers, especially carbon nanotubes, needs using of complex experimental methods and expensive laboratorial equipments. Theoretical approach can lower the cost of predicting properties of these composites. So, in this paper, an analytical relation is presented by continuum mechanics method to predict the compressive strength of cement composite reinforced with carbon nanotube. For simplicity of computations, carbon nanotubes were assumed to be isotropicand firstly oriented unidirectionally and uniformly in the cement composite. Representative Elementary Volume(REV), as anindicatorelement of this nanocompositeis, was chosen and analyzed by continuum mechanics method. A fiber embedded in a cylinder of cement with certain radius is named REV. The strains under loads were calculated and the stresses were obtained by Hook’s law. Then, for prediction failure of composite, von Mises’ yield criterion was applied and by that, the compressive strength of cement composite reinforced with unidirectionally oriented carbon nanotubes was obtained. For real cases, the results of this analysis should be generalized to cement composites reinforced with random orientation of nanotubes, since there is no control on the distribution of fibers in the laboratory and they are oriented randomly in composites, although researchers are studying on production of CNT/cement composites with arbitrary orientation of fibers.To apply the random orientation effect, Cox’s method was used. For this purpose, the fibers' distribution function f ( ) was assumed and it was observed that the random orientation of fibers reduces the effect of fiber reinforcing with respect to unidirectional orientation. Therefore, an orientation factor  1 was used considering random orientation in comparison with unidirectional orientation. As a suggestion, this factor can be experimentally obtained too. Experimental method was used to determine the orientation factor of fibers incomposites and good results were obtained. Then the presented analytical relationship was compared with experimental data. Matches and differences between the analytical method and the experimental data were studied and the suggestions were presented to lower the differences between the analytical and experimental methods. The effect of some parameters such as compressive strength of cement and the amount of carbon nanotubes added on the compressive strength of CNT/cement composite were obtained too. Accordingly that an ideal nanocomposite with regard to economical considerations can be obtained.

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Today, the continuous release of environmental pollutants into aquatic ecosystems has made these environments extremely vulnerable and turned them into a storage sites for these toxic substances, so it is necessary to investigate the effects of these pollutants on aquatic life. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the toxicity of silver nitrate and observing the behavioral changes of Litopenaeus vannamei during its exposure. To determine the toxicity, the standard method of OECD was used. At first, the viability and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei were checked after two weeks of acclimatization to laboratory conditions, then by conducting preliminary tests, the actual lethality values ​​of silver nitrate were obtained. In order to determine the median lethal concentration, shrimps were exposed to concentrations of  0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/L of silver nitrate for 96 h and their mortality were recorded daily every 24 h. The LC₅₀, LOEC, NOEC and MATC were calculated based on shrimp mortality. During the viability and survival test, no mortality were observed up to 96 hours, and the survival rate of shrimps was 100%. The value of LC₅₀, NOEC, LOEC and MATC were determined as 0.084, 0.02, 0.025 and 0.0084 mg/liter, respectively. In different concentrations of silver nitrate, shrimps showed behaviors such as abnormal swimming, fast movements of swimming legs, coming to the surface of the water, twisting the body around itself and eventually losing balance.

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The aim of the present study is to analyze the two-way interaction of stress and tension in the discourse of the narcissist. Nafteh al-Masdoor, which means "sighs of a painful chest", is a glorious work and a painful complaint written in AH by Mohammad Munshi Nasavi, influenced by the tragic tragedies of the Mongols, which begins with a sharp tone and rhythm. The discourse of this work becomes a discourse with two aspects of tension due to the interaction of external tension (multiple wounds caused by the Mongol invasion) and internal loneliness (burning and regret of the author) and their relationship with each other. Therefore, the results of the present study showed that although at the beginning of the discourse of this work, we see a gradual increase in content tension and linguistic excitement, but gradually the initial energy and excitement calms down and the book structure follows a downward pattern towards discontinuity. The creation of a distributed counter-discourse has observed as well.

 

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In the combined cooling, heating and power system, electricity is produced by prime mover. Recovered heat from the prime mover supplies heating and cooling demands. In this research, primary energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction are employed to evaluate the performances of cchp system compared with conventional system for residential buildings in Tehran. The combined cooling, heatig and power system follows Maximum electrical or thermal demand and Maximum rectangle electrical or thermal demand management. The results indicate that cchp system for residential five, eleven-storey buildings, in maximum rectangle electrical demand, maximum rectangle thermal and maximum electrical demand modes is the best strategy, if cooling demand is produced by absorption chiller and electric chiller. In the best strategy, primary energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction are 13% and 12%, respectively. If cooling demand is produced only by absorption chiller, primary energy saving and carbon dioxide emission reduction are decreased. In this case, maximum electrical and thermal demands are the worst strategies. In the worst case, energy consumption and carbon dioxide emission in cchp are increased 39% and 56% compared to the conventional system, respectively. Payback period in these strategies are calculated 5.5 and 7 years for 11 and 5 tories.

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Nowadays, the fundamental role of information in contracting process, particularly in consumer contracts, is persuaded the national legislators to protect the less informed contracting party. However, there are some controversial doctrinal views including positive, negative and neutral view, about imposing general duty to inform. England’s common law does not recognize any general duty to disclose material facts. However, dominant judicial doctrine of European countries imposes general duty to inform. This paper is trying to study and analyze the mainsprings of these controversial views. Our supposition here would be that positive view has more reasonable mainsprings comparison whit the negative and neutral view.