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The Quranic word "raht" is associated with two semantic domains: kinship and community, and it encompasses various meanings. The present study seeks to address the issue of why the word "raht" has multiple meanings and what its primary meaning is. Commentators and linguists have not provided any answer to this issue. These meanings are believed to have originated from potential twin roots in the Afroasiatic language family and the reasons behind the polysemy of this word by examining the processes of semantic construction of the word, along with its usages in Arab culture. This will be achieved by utilizing historical sources and then analyzing the word in the context of relevant Quranic verses, using a descriptive-analytical method. In the end, it has been established that the origins of this word can be traced back to two possible root meanings in ancient languages, one related to "combining" and "hand" and the other associated with "digging." These meanings have evolved over time and have shaped the various interpretations of the word. The association of common concepts of "group" and "collective" in classical Arabic and genealogy texts is derived from the concurrent meanings of "combination" and "symbol of the hand" in one branch of the word's historical roots and Considering the historical and cultural context of this word and its usage in the context of Quranic verses, it becomes clear that "Raht" is the smallest group within a tribe, often associated with unity and cooperation in facing or dealing with turmoil and challenges.

 

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A 27 day study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of aqueous extracts of Hypericumperforatum on hemato-serological parameters and survival of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchusmikiss) under thermal stress (20 ± 2 ◦C). A total of 360 rainbow trout (97.2 ± 1.6g) were divided randomly into four groups and  immersed in different concentrations (0, 250, 500 and 750 ppm) (T0, T25, T50 and T75) of aqueous extracts of H. perforatum. The blood samples were collected on day 12 and 27 and hemato-serological parameters were determined. In stage 1, the total red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit didn’t show a significant difference among controls and treatments but in stage 2, those parameters were significantly increased in T50 and T75 compared to T0 and T25.  The total white blood cell, lymphocytes, total protein, albumin, and total IgM showed a significant increase in treatments compared to control but the results in the neutrophils was opposit. The MCV and MCH didn’t significantly change in two stages but the MCHC of T75 were significantly higher than T0 and T25. The glucose of T50 and T75 were significantly lower than T0 and T25. The hepatic enzymes, ALT and AST of T75 significantly increased compared to other groups in stage2. The highest and lowest survival rates were observed in T50 and T0, respectively. Based on the results, it seems that Hypericumperforatum could control the effectsof stress and increase the survival rate of rainbow trout when exposed to chronic heat stress.

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Allegorical stories indicate the originality and antiquity of the literature of each nation.One of these stories is the report of "the recommendation of father to the solidarity of children with the allegory of their bodily strength in breaking the connected woods”.The aim of this project is to show the verse and prose clues of this story in arabic and persian literature and after the retelling and comparison of each sources, the plot of the story is described and identified in each narratives with a structural view to find out to what extent the narratives were faithful to the first quotations of the story.
 The description and analyses are other similar and different aspects of these narratives have been also done in detail.
The most important result of this study which was conducted based on comparison- comparative method explained that the message of all narratives are similar and is "invitation to solidarity and the phrase invitation to silidarity and integration and the avoidance of division". However, the plot of the story is not the same in persian and arabic sources. Furthermore, the oldest source of this story in arabic literature is a book called "Vasaya Almolouk" and in persian literature "Rahatolsodor".

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Love in and traditionally wellness of soul mate in all around the world is pleasurable. It seems that soul mate of all poems and lovers is common in one feature: i.e. beauty ; the various characters of beauty will be different from land to land and from eyes to eyes ; Iranian and Arabic culture , with common origins, in many of literatures such as soul mate description, have great similarities. As far as meeting with love and beauty of soul mate looks and individual and personal object; the issue of effectiveness and impact between Iranian and Arabic culture are drawn. This effectiveness will be more clear by comparing two poems , especially the wars such as Noz’hat al-Majales by Jamal Khalil Shirvani on farsi in 7th century and Loving and beloved and the Musk and Brew by seri al-refah , in 4th century.
this work surveyed common themes in aesthetics and imagery of soul mate hair in Arabic and Farsi poem, by descriptive – analytical approach and comparative studies.
It is clear the in this assessment, our final achievement is not only comparing the work’s content and the minutes related to any bit , but also is expected pursuit of quality and expression and reflection of one of soul mate lover in both Arabic and Farsi poem. In fact, we have tried to ensure that how Iranian poet and writer deal with Arabic themes and works and how had concept, select, and seizure themes and imagery of hair.

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Financial markets play a vital role in supplying and facilitating the flow of funds into production and industry sectors of economy and can result into the acceleration of economic growth. Indeed, many experts believe that the development of financial markets acts as the engine for growth. The main objective of this paper is analyzing the relationships between financial market development and economic growth through focusing on Iranian economy and thirteen other countries for the period 1988-2003. In this regard in addition to the Beck and Levin model (2003), we have used three versions of Granger–Casualty approach, Cointegartion test and panel data estimation procedure. Casualty test shows that in Iran, bank and stock market size have no strong effect on economic growth despite the fact that the effect of economic growth on stock market is positive and meaningful. The results of panel data estimation revealed that in real terms, investment and labor force, positively and strongly affect economic growth. In the money sector, the effects of banking system are statistically acceptable, although the positive effect of stock market is not statistically acceptable. The absence of Long–run co integration relation between financial markets and economic growth for the period 1976-2003 is the result of Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag Estimation. In sum, the long – run relation between money market and economic growth is negative and this true for the Iranian economy.

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Objective: Nowadays, as the field of neural tissue engineering advances, the fabrication and application of combined structures open a new window of research for the regeneration of nervous system injuries. In this study, chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)-carbon nanotube nanocomposites has been exploited as scaffolds. Materials and Methods: Electrospinning was used to fabricate chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)-carbon nanotube scaffolds. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the chemical and physical structure of the electrospun scaffolds. Then, the biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated using MTT assay and Neutral red assay. Results: The results showed that the chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)-carbon nanotube nanocomposites have suitable structural and morphological aspects for human brain-derived cells growth and proliferation. Therefore, the cells could maintain their usual morphology while adhering to the surface of the nanocomposites due to an appropriate biocompatibility of the scaffolds. Conclusion: Chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)-carbon nanotube nanocomposites could enhance the proliferation of human brain-derived cells due to their proper structure and biocompatibility.

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Automotive crankshafts are subjected to fluctuating torques due to periodic strokes in the cylinder. The gas-forces and inertial-forces due to the reciprocating masses will contribute to the excitation forces on the crankshaft system. The forces cause alternative torque on the crankshaft and cause vibration on the motor which cause noise and shake in the vehicle. Therefore, it’s necessary that was determined crankshaft dynamic behaviour. Although most physical structures are continuous, their behaviour can usually be represented by a discrete parameter model. In this paper, torsional vibration was determined with theoretical, analytical and experimental analysis on the Peugeot and Renault vehicle. For Solution of theoretical analysis, was used of B.I.C.E.R.A formula [1] and natural frequency for analytical analysis obtained with ANSYS software. Then, theoretical and analytical procedure compared with the experimental model, to obtain optimization model and with the best model, influence of torsional vibration was determined on the engine speed.

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3D is a secret-key block cipher, designed to secure and fast encryption of large amounts of data. This block cipher
uses multi-dimensional states to generalize the design of Rijndael. Thus, while maintaining the benefits of the AES design, 3D operates on 512-bit blocks of data and can also be used as a cryptographic primitive in the cryptographic systems with the large internal states. Since its proposal in 2008, the cryptanalysis of 3D has been considered in several papers. While the previous impossible differential attacks on 3D cipher can analyze up to 10 rounds of the cipher, this paper, using a new 6-round impossible differential, presents an impossible differential attack on 11 rounds of 3D. The proposed distinguisher begins in the input of AddRoundKey operation of round 3, and ends in the output of ShiftRows of round 8. Results show that the proposed attack on 11-round of 3D cipher requires about 2501 chosen plaintexts and a time complexity of about 2495 11-round encryptions.

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Biodegradable edible coatings, their enrichment with essential oils and their use on the surface of fruits are influential approaches that can reduce the problems of post-harvest management, thereby maintaining the quality of the produce. In this study, different concentrations of Arabic gum (0, 6 and 8% w/v) were used in combination with different concentrations of Shirazi thyme essential oil (0, 0.3 and 0.5% w/v), and their effects were measured with respect to various qualitative characteristics of fresh pistachio nuts which were evaluated for a period of 36 days under conditions of storage at a temperature of 3 ± 1°C. The results showed that the growth of mold and yeast and the growth of aerobic bacteria on the samples were significantly less than in other samples when using the 6% Arabic gum concentration enriched with the essential oil of Shirazi thyme at 0.3 and 0.5%. Also, adding the essential oil of Shirazi thyme (at 0.3 and 0.5%) to the formulation of Arabic gum (6%) managed to reduce the occurrence of water loss from the fresh pistacia and significantly reduced the weight loss from the samples. The addition of essential oil to the Arabic gum coating contributed significantly to the preservation of carbohydrates, chlorophylls, phenolic compounds, and antioxidants in the kernels of the fresh pistachios. Therefore, the use of edible coatings of 6% Arabic gum containing Shirazi thyme essential oil (at 0.3 and 0.5%) can maintain the quality and increase the shelf life of fresh pistachio.

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Softening, enzymatic browning and microbial activity are the most common problems of pomegranate arils during storage. In order to improve these problems, postharvest treatments of nitric oxide and cold storage were studied on pomegranate arils. Therefore, In order to evaluate the effect of temperature and different concentrations of nitric oxide on pomegranate arils, a factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. In this study, nitric oxide was used at concentrations of 0, 5 and 10 µM/L as liquid solutions. The arils were dipped in solution for fifteen seconds and were packed by polyethylene containers after drying at room temperature. They were stored at cold temperatures (2, 4 and 8°C). The qualitative, quantitative and biochemical parameters were measured on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of the storage period. The ANOVA results showed that the different concentrations of nitric oxide and storage temperatures caused significant differences among most of the evaluated parameters. The exposure of arils to nitric oxide at concentration of 10 µM/L and storage at 8°C caused them lower 50% weight loss and less 21% ion leakage, as well as higher marketability, anthocyanin content, total phenolic and antioxidant activity compared to arils of the control group storage at 2°C after 21 days. In general, arils treated with 10 µM/L of nitric oxide at 8°C showed the best apparent quality and storage life of pomegranate arils.    
 

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Rapid urban development and change in basis of life style in modern world, has shown the necessity of planning and management of spend leisure time.  On the other hand urban is the basic of tourism development in much successful country in tourism. Nowadays, Experience has shown that where tourism development accidentally and unplanned, has emerged environmental and social effects and its problems is more than benefits in long time. In this regard, including strategic model that use in urban tourism development is SWOT model. But nowadays during the years of using from this functional model, it is concluded that emphasis on weakness and treatments caused to little attention to strengths and opportunities and unconsciously the process of strategy formulation move towards to negative points. As a result, Scholars with combined SWOT and Appreciative Inquiry (AI) approach has created SOAR strategic model. This research with aim to tourism development in Taft city introduce SOAR model in Tourism section for the first time.  To do this research has been used from descriptive and analytical method and the technic of data collection is documentary, surveys and field studies. Use from SOAR model to codification development strategy and explanation of strengths, opportunities, aspirations and measureable result. Based on the obtained results, due to existence proper green space in Taft city, locating this green city in Yazd province and other positive points caused to high potential to tourism development in this city and has created opportunities such as job creation, attraction native and non- for Tourism, holding exhibitions of handicrafts and Taft agricultural products, preparation necessary fields to inviting investigators, preparation plan and invite capitalists to investing in medical, gardening, sport and health tourism camps, pass specific laws to prevent from destruction of orchards and adoption heavy fines in case of violation, inviting from scholars, Intellectuals and indigenous people to decision making in related tourism affairs.    

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Green mold rot disease caused by Penicillium digitatum is the most economically important postharvest disease of lime fruit in all production areas. In this research, effects of essential oils (Cinnamomun verum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Thymus vulgaris, Zataria multiflora) for controlling green mold in Mexican lime (Citrus aurantifolia cv. Mexican lime) fruit were studied. Mexican limes were inoculated by Penicillium digitatum suspension and were immersed with the essential oils at three levels 0 (as control), 0.1 and 0.2% (v/v). Then, fruits were kept at 8±1^oC and 90-95% relative humidity for 21 days. The results showed that the essential oils significantly affected fruit decay, weight loss, L*, a*, b*, total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity. After 21 days of storage, total phenolic content and total antioxidant activity of treated fruit with essential oils were higher compared with the control. In addition, essential oils were effective in decay and water loss control, and decreasing L* and b* compared with the control. The garden thyme essential oil at 0.2% decreased postharvest decay seven times lower than control but increased total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity compared to the control 21 days after storage. Therefore, garden thyme essential oil has a strong effect on controlling green mold and maintaining quality of Mexican lime fruit.

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Nowadays, the importance of solving urban problems from the smallest unit, the neighborhood, has been obvious for planners. Gaining knowledge of sustainability and moving towards sustainable development has been in focus for decades, and sustainable neighborhood is introduced as the foundation of sustainable urban development. Neighborhoods attempt to appropriate their structure for needs of today's residents and approach again the components missing since previous times. Historical neighborhoods that suited the needs of their residents were formed and became responsive to most of the needs of their residents. The present study aims to measure and assess sustainability indicators on the neighborhood scale, in neighborhoods of the historical texture of Yazd city. To achieve the above objective, fuzzy logic is used to measure the sustainability of neighborhoods. The results show that neighborhoods of the historical texture are not appropriate in terms of sustainability conditions because these conditions are poor and below average. Among the nine historical neighborhoods, Godal-mosalla neighborhood, with a value of 0.474 as compared to others, is in a better condition. The next ranks belong to Sheikhdad, Fahadan, Shessh-dadgiri, Poshte-bagh, Gazargah, Gonbade-sabz, Dolat-abad and Zartoshtiha. It is obvious that the current situation is not confirmed by sustainable neighborhood criteria and sustainable city approach, and the city managers have a long way toward achieving those approaches. Therefore, improving the unsustainability of historical neighborhoods in four dimensions, namely economic, environmental, physical and social, with an emphasis on "justice" particularly in unstable neighborhoods should be of priority for promotion.

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Ber fruit (Zizyphus mauritiana Lamk) contains abundant polyphenols and is highly susceptible to enzymatic browning after harvest. In order to reduce browning and maintain fruit quality of ber fruit, a factorial experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications. Experimental treatments included Aloe vera gel-based (20%) edible coating enriched with sesame oil 1%, honey 1% (ASH) and Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil (ZEO) (0, 0.5 and 1%) and storage time (0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days) at 6 ± 1°C and relative humidity of 90±5%. The results showed that edible coating application had significant effect on the quality characteristics of the ber fruit during storage. The combination of ASH with ZEO (0.5%), as an edible coating, significantly alleviated enzymatic browning by reducing PPO and POD activities on fruit during 28 days of storage. Fruits treated with ASH with ZEO (0.5%) reduced browning index (70%) compared to the control; while increased total phenol content and antioxidant activity (18.14%, and 31.16%, respectively) compared to the control after 28 days of storage. Also, ASH in combination with ZEO (0.5%) treatment decreased electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde (19.7%, and 17.8%, respectively) compared to the control after 28 days of storage. These results indicated that ASH edible coating in combination with ZEO (0.5%) can be a useful method for delaying ripening and senescence, extending the storage life of ber fruit.
 

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To increase the quality and shelf life of mango fruits (Manjifera indica cv. Langra), a factorial experiment was conducted in the form of a completely randomized design with three replications (18 fruits per replication). Mango fruits in mature green stage were harvested from a commercial mango orchard in Roodan city, Hormozgan province. The first factor was ultraviolet radiation (UV-C) with an intensity of 25 watts at three levels (0, 5 and 10 minutes), the second factor was ultrasonic radiation with a frequency of 35 kHz and a power of 280 watts at three levels (0, 3 and 6 minutes) and the third factor was storage time at five levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 days). After the treatment with the mentioned proportions of UV-C and ultrasonic, the fruits were stored at 10°C and a relative humidity of 80-85%, and the sampling and the measurements were carried out at different times. Based on the results, ultraviolet and ultrasound treatments prevented the increase of L^¬ (lightness), a^¬ and b^¬  and pH and the decrease of fruit ascorbic acid over time. In ultrasound treatments, the highest amount of ascorbic acid (11.3 mg/100 grams) was found in irradiation for three minutes. In ultraviolet treatments, the decrease of ascorbic acid with time was less than the control, but there was no significant difference between five and ten minutes. Ultrasound treatment for 6 minutes prevented the significant decrease in fruit weight. On the 40th day of storage, the lowest amount of L^¬ in fruit flesh (89.44) belonged to ultraviolet treatment for five minutes. Therefore, within 40 days of storage of mango fruit, ultraviolet treatment for five minutes due to maintaining the appearance of the fruit (L^¬) and ultrasound treatment for three minutes due to maintaining the maximum ascorbic acid of mango fruit are recommended.
 

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The game theory an interdependent decision-making theory in which, decision-makers have conflicting preferences and the outcome of their decisions cannot be determined by one party or actor alone. The roots of this theory is derive from the decision theory (Samsura, Van der Krabben, & Van Deemen, 2010: 565). However, there is a clear distinction i.e. the decision theory usually analyses decision-making processes from the one player’s point of view, while the game theory emphasizes its analysis through the interaction among many players. Since the game theory focuses on situations in which interactions and interdependency play a role, it can be seen as an extension of the decision theory (Samsura et al., 2010: 564). In other words, the game theory, or the so-called ‘‘interactive decision theory’’, is derived from the decision theory (Tan, Liu, Zhou, Jiao, & Tang, 2015: 17).
The term ‘game theory’ stems from the resemblance of collective decision-making situations to well-known parlor games like chess, poker, and monopoly (Aumann, 1989). Because of its focus on conflicting preferences, the game theory is often defined as a theory of conflict. Aumann has even referred it as ‘Interaction Decision Theory’, since this accurately describes the content and focus of the theory (Samsura et al., 2010: 656).
The game theory is a powerful tool in understanding the relationships that are made and broken in the course of competition and cooperation. It has been widely used in the fields of natural and social sciences, especially in economics after the 1920s, with the groundbreaking work of Von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944), which is considered as ‘‘the classic work upon which the modern-day game theory is based’’(Von Neumann & Morgenstern, 2007: 14). The increased interest in the game theory among social scientists is partly due to the fact that it can solve social problems through finding out optimal solutions in a conflict situation (Tan et al., 2015: 17).
Since then, the game theory has been profoundly influencing other fields in natural sciences, such as biology, physics, and computer science, as well as social sciences, including anthropology, psychology, sociology, politics, and philosophy. The increased attention to this theory especially in social sciences is based on the idea that it can provide solid micro-foundations for the study of collective decision-making processes and structures and social change (Samsura et al., 2010: 565). Urban planning and, in particular, metropolitan and urban management is also one of the branches of social sciences in which the proposed theory is capable of playing a vital role. As such, the present study seeks to answer the following questions:

• How is the narrative of the game between actors of urban management field producing and reproducing?
• What are the most likely possible outcomes and remedies of the current situation?

 
Methodology
The problem structuring methods, among new approaches to operations research, believe that the most important step in solving a problem is to identify it. As such, they try their best to investigate the problem by identifying various factors, revealing and hidden relationships between them, and avoiding simplicity and unrealization. Since the game theory is one of the most important of these methods, the present research applies it to introduce and describe the gaming in the field of metropolitan management. By completing the initial assumptions, analysis and determination of the stable status is done using the GMCR+ software.
 
Results and Discussion
In the first step, people active in managing metropolitan areas are identified and categorized into four main groups: state-government institutions, public-government institutions, public institutions and private sector institutions. Thereafter, alternative metropolitan management actors are listed and finalized with initial reviews and their limitations. In real terms, all theoretical situations and conditions of games (i.e. 512 games) are not possible, and limitations make it to reduce the possible status. The final step in the field of game modeling is to determine priorities and possible preferences for each actor, for which, the prioritization of alternatives was used. The model analysis is based on the stability and balance of the actors. Based on the results of 24 statuses, 4 are equilibrium and 2 statuses are semi-stable.
 
Conclusion
The results show that there are 24 statuses, 4 equilibrium statuses, and 2 semi-stable statuses among different mode of actions in the areas of metropolitan area management. Status 15 is considered as the most stable one. Based on Nash Equilibrium (R), General Metarationality (GMR), Symmetric Metarationality (SMR), Sequential Stability (SEQ), Limited-move Stability (LM), and Non- myopic Stability (NM) all actors are most beneficial. State-government actors with structural reforms, gradual changes and the necessity of reviewing laws and regulations, as well as recognizing the concept of metropolitan area with respect to political divisions of the country, can provide a structure and an effective state for managing metropolitan areas. Public-government actors can help improve the current state of affairs by facilitating and organizing structural reforms or setting up a regional metropolitan management council. This should be done by removing the weak horizontal interactions among stakeholders in metropolitan region and unhealthy competitions of cities and settlements located in the metropolitan region. People's institutions can also play an active role in managing metropolitan areas with their attempt to participate and influence the management. Furthermore, the principle of confidence as a link between social elements that makes social capital essential, and this can be achieved through decentralizing and distributing powers among all actors and stakeholders.