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Having the Five Year Development Plans (FYDP) of the fisheries sector (Shilat) in mind, and based on the resources documentation and content analysis of two scenarios of the “continuation of the current trend” and the “optimal situation”, this research provides the future opportunities and threats and also suggestions towards improving the situation and relevant decision making. The assessment of production indices demonstrated that in each of the plans, except the third one, not a so-logical growth rate was envisioned for the fisheries development. Of 5% predicted growth in fisheries sector within 23 years, only 4.5%, or 90.3% of the goal, has been realized, which means the policies and programs have not been completely performed. Although possessing the world ranking of 21^st in aquaculture and 32^nd in fishing, potential and capacities in Iran indicate a far higher exploitation and utilization possibilities from the present resources, which require better policies and approaches as well as a large and targeted investment by the government

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In this study an agar/gelatin bilayer film was produced from agar and gelatin monolayers using the casting method in two phases. Then, the characteristics of this bilayer film, including water vapor permeability (WVP), water solubility, water absorption, mechanical and optical properties were compared with those of monolayer films. The results showed that  WVP of the bilayer film (3.25×10^-10 g/msPa)  was significantly lower than the agar (3.90 × 10^-10 g/msPa), and gelatin (4/32×10^-10 g/msPa). Absorption of UV light by bilayer film was significantly higher than the single-layer agar and gelatin films. Although the tensile strength of the bilayer film (10.8 MPa) was higher than the single-layer gelatin (2.86 MPa), it was lower than the single layer of agar film (30.49 MPa) (P<0.05). In conclusion, some properties of agar and gelatin films can be improved by making bilayers film of both biopolymers. 

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Considering the importance of fish consumption in provision of nutritious food for community as well as increasing per capita consumption, factors affecting the fish consumption behavior in Sari were prioritized in the present study. For this purpose, a field research was performed using a questionnaire on 266 consumers household. Beside descriptive statistical analysis by Spss₁₉ software, inferential analysis on nonparametric statistics was done. Factors which their average score was more than 3 were identified as the main factors and using the Friedman`s test with the possibility of (<0.001) prioritizing of effective factors were determined. The results showed that quality and freshness, hygiene of Store, properties and nutritional value, trust in seller, price, species, taste, availability, the size of fish and consumption convenience were respectively among the main factors which affect consumer’s behavior in Sari. The majority of consumers (93.6 %) did not have the tendency to consume packed fish (non-canned) and instead have a great interest to use fresh fish. In conclusion, planning to increase people`s awareness in recognizing fresh fish, close monitoring of fish suppliers, decreasing of production costs and prices, easing the access by establishing standard retail markets as well as public awareness regarding the fish nutritional value can be considered as approaches for planners and activists in the field of fisheries for increasing per capita consumption and social health.

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In this study, nano drug delivery system based on graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide- polyglycerol hybrids were constructed. Functionalization of nano graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide was accomplished through noncovalent interaction between the π conjugated system of graphene materials and the aromatic segment in the focal point of polyglycerol polymer. Polyglycerol is a hydrophilic and biocompatible polymer that its conjugation with graphene materials was increased the colloidal stability and decreased the nonspecific interaction of graphene materials. Curcumin as an anticancer hydrophobic natural drug with low systemic bioavailability was simply loaded on these nanohybrids via π-π stacking force between the π conjugated systems of graphene materials and curcumin. Result showed that loading capacity of curcumin for reduced graphene oxide hybrid (49%) is higher than graphene oxide hybrid due to restored of π conjugated system in reduced graphene oxide. Anticancer efficiency of these drug hybrids was investigated by MTT assay. Results showed that these drug carriers have sufficient biocompatibility. Also these nano drug delivery systems showed a cytotoxic effect that was comparable to that of free curcumin. The reduced graphene oxide hybrid is preferred for delivery of curcumin due to its higher loading capacity that can provide efficient dose of drug in low level of carrier

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Abstract
Aims: For the purpose of marketability and consumer preferences, two types of hand moisturizing products (Alginate gel and Fucoidan cream) produced from Sargassum algae, this study was conducted. then evaluated with a common commercial sample as a control.
Methods: Gel and two cream samples were prepared in 3 jars of 10 g to evaluate 30 individuals as panel members. Evaluation was performed using one product per week and with a one-week break between sessions. The designed questionnaire consisted of sociological questions and 12 characteristics of the products that were rated with 3 points of preference The Friedman test was used to analyze the ratings and the scoring method was used to identify the final product.
Results: Two characteristics of produced cream and gel (moisturizing and shelf life) at a significant level. The gel had the highest moisturizing capacity and the cream had the highest shelf life. Consumers paid more attention to the nourishing and hydrating properties of the skin, being organic and soft in choosing the suitable moisturizer for their hands. They like moisturizing cream of 250 gr jar. Nutrition and hydrating, therapeutic effect and skin repair were also ranked as high priority. Ultimately, the Fucoidan moisturizing cream gained the highest preference in market.
Conclusion: The Fucoidan cream produced from Sargassum algae compared to alginate gel from this alga, as a moisturizer with suitable shelf-life and have other hand cream properties, can be an acceptable commercial product in the market.
 

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Objective: The global HIV epidemic continues to expand and exceeding previous predictions. An effective vaccine represents the best hope to curtail the HIV epidemic. DNA vaccines induce humoral and cellular responses and mimic live vaccines without their pathogenic potential. The importance of CD8+ CTL responses in controlling HIV and SIV viremia has led to production of a series of vaccine candidates that effectively induce these responses. It is now widely believed that an HIV vaccine strategy must stimulate both a strong humoral (antibody) as well as cell-mediated (CTL) immune response.The p24 and gp41 play many important roles in host-virus interaction and pathogenesis. These proteins are considered as attractive vaccine candidate in which their immunogenecity and immunomodulatory effects have been confirmed. Materials and Methods: In this study, a construct, pcDNA3.1Hygro- (p24-gp41), was evaluated as a DNA vaccine candidate in Balb/C mice for generation of effective cellular immune responses. For immunizing, we used dendrosome, a novel family of vehicles for transfection and therapy. IFN-γ cytokine production and total antibody were detected by ELISA. Lymphoprolifration assay was performed by MTT test. Results: ELISA and MTT assays confirmed that the cited p24-gp41 fusion gene is able to enhance immune responses in mice. Conclusion: The construct that was used in this research can be a good candidate for DNA vaccine against HIV-1, if the future complementary tests demonstrate the same trends of immunogenic responses shown in this study.

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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the purchase amount of shrimp in the market and the relationship between consumption amount and some of demographic characteristics. The statistical population of this study is the whole country that 10 cities including Mashhad, Tehran, Tabriz, Birjand, Kermanshah, Gorgan, Yazd, Bandar Abbas, Ilam and Shiraz were randomly selected and a total 1000 questionnaires were completed by citizens proportionate to the household population of the studied cities. In order to evaluate the number of shrimp purchases per year as well as the amount of each purchase, from the output of SPSS software and to investigate the existence of a significant relationship between consumption amount and demographic characteristics, correlation tests were used. According to the results the number of times shrimp were bought by the household varied from one to twelve times a year (average 1.71±1.11). 44.2% of households of the consumption society bought shrimp once a year and 28.6% of them bought shrimp twice a year. It was further found that the amount of shrimp purchased by household varies from 0.5 to 2 kg per purchase (average 0.92±0.26 kg). while 76.3% of households of the consumption society purchase one kilogram of shrimp in per purchase. According to the findings, consumption amount had no significant relationship with the age, job and field of study variables (p>0.05). But the relationship between this index with the education level and number of household members variables was significant (p<0.05).  

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Aims: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the amount of tilapia fish consumption and the relationship between its consumption amount and some demographic characteristics Such as gender, age, occupation, education, marital status, occupation, number of household members and income.
Methods: The statistical population of this research is the whole country. A questionnaire was designed and sent to people electronically through virtual space. Correlation tests were used to evaluate the number of fish purchases per year as well as the amount of each purchase from the output of SPSS software and to investigate the existence of a significant relationship between consumption and demographic characteristics.
Findings: The results showed that Most of the female respondents are married, aged 20 to 35, employed and have bachelor's and master's degrees. Most of them are employees and earn between 3 and 6 million tomans. It was also found that most households (54%) buy fish up to 20 times a year. The average number of times of buying fish per year by the households of the consumption community was 45 times. Most households in the consumer society buy 2 kg of fish each time they buy. The number of households that consume more than 10 kg of fish per purchase was 3.3%. According to the obtained information, the average amount of fish per purchase was calculated to be 8 kg. The per capita consumption of tilapia in households consuming this fish was 4.2 kg.

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Aims: The purpose of this research was to evaluate the consumer’s behavior of farmed carp in the north of Iran (Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan province). Method: After defining the assumptions and designing the analytical-conceptual model based on the theory of planned behavior, a suitable questionnaire was developed and completed by the statistical community. In order to evaluate the intensity of the relationship between the research variables and the model elements, as well as to check the acceptance or non-acceptance of the assumptions, the structural equation modeling method (SEM) was used. Findings: Per capita fish consumption of farmed carp consumers is 5.3 kg. Of this amount, 400 grams are canned, 600 grams are consumed in restaurants and outside the home, and 2.5 kg are consumed at home. Per capita consumption of their farmed carp is 1.4 kg, so half of their consumption is from other fish.In this research, all hypotheses were confirmed, In this way, the effect of perceived usefulness, perceived risk and quality on attitude, the effect of normative beliefs, moral obligation and household income on subjective norms, the effect of control power, control belief, experimental records, advertising and education on the perceived behavior control, the effect of attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control on the decision to buy farmed carp and the effect of the decision to buy and perceived behavior control on the final behavior were reported to be significant (p<0.05). The values of the effect coefficients showed that the most effective variable on the attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control, is quality (with an effect coefficient of 0.46), income (with an effect coefficient of 0.44) and experience records (with an effect coefficient of 0.37), respectively. Also, among the three main elements of the model, the attitude had the greatest effect on the decision to buy and consume farmed carp (with an effect coefficient of 0.48).

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The combined effects of salt percentage (0.5 or 1%), its adding order (before or after the fermentation) and different ratios of NaCl/KCl (100/0 and 50/50) were used in the probiotic Doogh. Two probiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis BB-12), along with the yogurt bacteria were used. pH, acidification and redox potential were measured during the fermentation period. Moreover, viability of probiotic bacteria was determined within 7-day intervals during the storage period. The sensory parameters were also evaluated at days 0 and 21. The partial substitution of NaCl with KCl in the studied concentration had a positive influence on the viability of probiotics. Treatments containing 1% NaCl/KCl and 0.5% NaCl/KCl which were added before fermentation showed the maximum viability of probiotics. The treatments with 0.5% NaCl and then 0.5% NaCl/KCl before fermentation showed higher acceptance. Thus the substitution of 0.5% NaCl with KCl was acceptable. In whole, the treatment containing 0.5% NaCl/KCl before fermentation was the best one for probiotic Doogh with substituted salt.

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Objective: Bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) is a multifunctional growth factor predominantly recognized for its osteoinductive properties. Due to the high cost of this protein, the availability of BMP-7 for treatment is limited. The heterologous production of recombinant hBMP-7 has been performed in a number of expression systems. In this study a novel form of BMP-7 was expressed in eukaryotic and prokaryotic hosts. Methods: For expression in the prokaryotic system, the novel protein was secreted to the periplasmic space of Escherichia coli using a pelB signal sequence followed by single-step purification by Ni²⁺-charged column chromatography. In the mammalian cell expression system, we transferred a full-length cDNA encoding precursor of the novel protein to CHO cells then selected stable clones by using the appropriate antibiotic concentration. Expressions in both systems were confirmed by Western blot analysis. Results: The novel recombinant protein was produced as a 36-38 kDa dimer in the CHO cell line and a 16 kDa monomer in the Escherichia coli system. Quantitative analysis according to ELISA showed that the expression levels of the mutant protein in the eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems were 40 ng/ml and 135 ng/ml of the culture media, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, the expression level in Escherichia coli was at least three times more than observed in the CHO cells. However, further optimization is required to obtain a dimer protein in Escherichia coli. The results show that periplasmic expression may be suitable for the production of complex proteins such as BMPs.

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Optimum utilization of animal protein byproducts results in the use of maximum production capacity in existing processing plants. The purpose of this research was to develop a new and ready-to-eat product from fish mince and chicken protein isolate with desirable sensory characteristics by using the D-optimal Mixture Design, Quantitative Anatomical Analysis (QDA), and Principal Components Analysis (PCA ). Initially, 13 prototypes containing different percentages of fish mince and chicken protein isolate (totaling 70% of the product formulation) were prepared. After sensory evaluation by QDA method, a prototype was selected as the optimum treatment, which included 50% fish mince and 20% chicken protein isolate and 30% other ingredients. The sensory stability of the optimum prototype was investigated in comparison with the control treatment during 90 days of frozen storage. Physicochemical analysis (pH, TVB-N, PV and TBARS) and microbial tests were also used to investigate the qualitative changes of the prototypes. The results showed that the optimum prototype had better sensory and quality indexes than the control sample. This study introduces chicken protein isolate as a new food ingredients. It also emphasizes the use of a combination application of QDA and PCA analysis and the D-optimal Mixture Design model in designing and manufacturing a product with the optimal formulation. Because these data will be applicable and valid for industrial scale production.

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Objective: Development of high producing mammalian cell lines is a major bottleneck in manufacturing of recombinant therapeutic proteins. This study examines the effect of using the matrix attachment region from the human interferon beta gene in combination with promoter activation strategy with E1A 13S protein on human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Methods: The matrix attachment region was cloned in 3΄ and 5΄ flanking sides of the t-PA expression cassette in pTPA vector to generate pMTPA. After transfection of the cells with pTPA and pMTPA vectors, stable cell pools were developed and the t-PA expression level determined for each stable cell line. In the next step, E1A 13S expression plasmid was transfected to stable cell pools and t-PA titers were measured after 72 hours. Results: Integration of pTPA and pMTPA vectors in the CHO genome was confirmed by PCR analysis on genomic DNA of stable cell pools. Analysis of the t-PA expression level showed a three-fold enhancement in pMTPA transfected cells compared to pTPA-containing cells. t-PA expression was further enhanced up to 1771 U/ml by transient expression of E1A 13S in pMTPA stable cell pools. Conclusion: These results have shown that incorporation of matrix attachment region in an expression vector in combination with promoter activation can effectively enhance recombinant protein expression levels in CHO cells.

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Despite the high nutritional value of shrimp, its per capita consumption in the country is low. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the reasons for this shortage and to propose ways to increase per capita consumption in order to maintain the health of the population. To this purpose, the behavior of shrimp consumers must first be evaluated. This study was conducted to evaluate the behavior of shrimp consumers in the country by using the general framework of the theory of planned behavior. The statistical population of the study was the whole country which selected 10 cities (Mashhad, Tehran, Gorgan, Bandar Abbas, Yazd, Shiraz, Kermanshah, Ilam, Birjand and Tabriz) by randomized sampling and completed 1000 questionnaires by citizens. Statistical analysis were performed using the Structural Equation Model and Liserl software. The results showed that attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavior control had a positive and significant effect on the intention to shrimp consumption. In addition, the perceived behavior control was also effective on increasing of shrimp consumption. It was found that only two assumptions about the significant effect of convenience of cooking on the attitude and the significant effect of income on the subjective norm were rejected and other assumptions (significant effect of quality, packaging and type of supply and processing on attitude, significant effect of price and positive and negative beliefs on subjective norm, significant effect of consumption time, availability and experimental records on perceived behavior control and significant effect of intention to consumption on increasing of shrimp consumption) were confirmed.

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In order to increase the per capita consumption of shrimp in Tehran and its proper placement in the household food basket, it is necessary to study the factors affecting the attitude of citizens towards shrimp consumption as well as the factors affecting on decision to purchase. The purpose of this applied-research study also is to investigate and evaluate these factors. For this purpose, by studying internal and external sources, a number of factors affecting consumers' attitudes and their decision to purchase were identified and then tested in the form of assumptions in the target population. The statistical population of the study is the whole city of Tehran which randomly were selected 12 municipal districts for field study with sample size of 500 people. To collect data, a questionnaire was designed according to the assumptions and completed by the consumption society. In order to test the assumptions and investigate the severity and direction of the relationship between their items, a conceptual model was designed and evaluated by structural equation modeling (Lisrel software). In testing hypothetical factors affecting citizens' attitudes were found quality, type of supply and processing, packaging and different beliefs have positive and significant effects on people's attitudes. But the convenience of cooking of shrimp as well as the time and place of consumption had no significant effect on the attitude of citizens. In the following, the results showed that experimental records of consumption, income and price of shrimp are effective on the intention to purchase but the access factor does not have a significant effect on the intention to buy shrimp. Values of effect coefficients showed that among the effective factors on attitude of citizens and the decision to buy, quality and experimental records of consumption are the most effective factors, respectively.

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The three dimensional panels are one of the modern building systems which can be placed in the category of industrial buildings. It has always been tried to conduct many studies for identifying the behavior and upgrading the capacity of panels due to their earthquake resistance and high speed performance.
In this regard, in this research a comparative study of structural components behavior of the upgraded three-dimensional panels under lateral load in independent and system mode, is investigated. At the same time it is tried to study the effect of strengthening the three dimensional panels and system mode (independent wall, L-shaped and BOX-shaped walls) on the three-dimensional panels. In order to verify, the results of panel were compared with dimensions of 120 × 120 with laboratory results of Kabir and Jahanpour and the results indicate the validity of the model. In the following, twenty-four models with dimensions close to reality (360 × 360〖cm〗^2), are built with Abaqus software. Overall, six independent wall model, L-shaped, roofed L-shaped, BOX-shaped walls with symmetric loading, BOX -shaped wall with asymmetrical loading and roofed BOX-shaped wall were built. Then the models are strengthened without strengthened reinforcement and with strengthened reinforcements ( 10) with an angle of 30, 45 and 60 degrees. The applied lateral loading, is exerted by changing the location on the end wall. After applying the loading, the pushover curve is plotted from which the maximum lateral load bearing capacity, the absorbed energy are obtained. It is warth mentioning for drawing the push over curve the target displacement is determind by ATC 24 guideline. And also for drawing the histories careature ATC40 guidline is used.
The evaluation of results showed that the lateral load bearing capacity of L-shaped wall without strengthened reinforcement is not more than independent wall, but also it will be less. But by adding roof to the structure, the load bearing capacity will be increased due to reducing twisting effect. If strengthening the wall occurs, in roofed and without roofed modes, the capacity will be increased about 50 and 100 %. In BOX-shaped wall, in symmetric and asymmetric loading, the load bearing capacity will be increased about 200 and 50 % respectively. Now, if strengthened, the load bearing capacity in symmetric and asymmetric loading will be increased 3.5 and 2 times respectively. The effective angle of placement of strengthened reinforcement in the independent wall is 45 and 60 degrees. But in BOX-shaped and L-shaped walls, the use of strengthened reinforcement 45 degrees is recommended. In the L-shaped wall alone (not the entire system), the capacity will be increased 21 % and by adding roof, the load bearing capacity will be approximately two times. This mode in the BOX-shaped wall with symmetrical loading will be 63 %. By generally comparing the histories cerratures it is resulted that the L-shaped wall wich has the torsion originated from loading, has a lower energy dissipation in comparison with the models. And also if the exsting story loads to the integrated performance of the walls, it can.

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Nowadays, due to some problems, such as allergic reactions and high fat content, the partial replacement of cow's milk with milk of other animals, such as goat's milk, is so crucial by proper techniques to improve the quality with the aim of yogurt production. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Zataria multifliora and Mentha longifolia L extract on the qualitative characteristics of probiotic yogurt produced from the cow-goat milk in proportions 10: 90, 30: 70, 50: 50 and 0: 100. Sensory evaluation was performed on produced samples one day after production to selecting the best samples and then, the experiments were carried out on selected samples during 28 days. The results showed that, over time, acidity and syneresis values increased and pH value, viscosity and probiotic count decreased. The highest viscosity was related to the equal ratio of cow - goat milk and 0.05% of Zataria multifliora extract. The antioxidant activity (AA) trend was irregular but descending and extracts had a significant effect on AA. The treatment of cow-goat milk (10 : 90%) and 0.03% of Zataria multifliora extract had the highest probiotic count. The treatment of cow's milk (100%) containing the equal concentrations of two extract (0.02%), showed the highest color, taste, consistency and overall acceptance scores by panelist. As a conclusion, it can be concluded that in order to achieve the best quality of probiotic yogurt, various concentrations of extracts and optimal ratios of cow-goat milk should be used. .