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By using the opinions of Claude Levi-Strauss in the study of mythology, the following article tries to answer this question which despite the presence of incest in Ancient Iran and Egypt, why the legends associated with T411 type refuse it in these two lands? According to Levi-Strauss, there is the same structure behind the different appearance of related myths. Decoding of this hidden structure is possible with the help of its similarity with the language structure. Because myth, like language, has structural units called myth-phonemes. By discovering these units and understanding the relationship between them, it becomes clear what messages the interrelated myths convey and how? After checking the legends found based on the mentioned method, it became clear that these legends represent the dualism of the minds of their narrators. Because the opposition of Incest / prohibition of Incest, is the foundation of these legends. This confrontation is itself a result of a conflict that is rooted in the depths of human souls: Duality of Nature and Culture. Since the prohibition of Incest is the point of human disconnection from nature and the beginning of culture, Iranian and Egyptian legends are trying to institutionalize this should / Not should in the audience and so they have a different end from the old religious beliefs.
 

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Satveh village, one of the desert villages in Semnan province, according to the administrative divisions belongs to Shahrood city. The occupation of most people in this village has been agriculture and ranching from years ago. Dialect of this village, with more similarities to the ancient Khorāsān dialects, has remained largely intact for various reasons including the inaccessibility to the city. Study of words, phrases and terms in this dialect, except anthropological and linguistic benefits, may be effective in solving some problems about the Persian language and meaning of the ancient texts. In present research, the words and phrases of ranching in Satveh were collected with thematic order. In addition, sometimes, other issues such as words derivation and some neology rules and techniques used in this dialect are discussed

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"Rokub Al Kawsaj"or no beard man backing up, is a celebration, which was hold to exclaim farewell to winter and arrival of spring. "Sarvato Bost", or kāshmar cypress, is a tree, which has been by Zoroaster from Paradise in Predecessors’ belief, and planted in kāshmar by himself or by Garshāsb. Since the cypress tree was sacred in the eyes of Iranians, they respect this ancient tree. Kāshmar cypress was proud of Xorāsān people until the Mutawakkil Abbāsi era, until it was cutt off by the order of the Caliph. Abu Mansur Saʼālebi; this  has been mentioned in "Simār al qolub fil mozāf wal mansub" to "Rokub Al Kawsaj" and "Sarvato Bost" by two examples in the mentioned book. We intended to affirm Even these books in Arabic heritage, which apparently has no relation with Iran history, can encompass valuable subjects. .

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One of the most beautiful aspects of Iranian oral literature is traditional melodies and songs that speakers of different regions and ethnic groups intone at work or at ceremonies or special occasions. These songs, from the very old eras till now, have been applied by human in aggregations and  ceremonies. Some of these songs have arised from Iranian ancient culture, and have retained  heir old roots. Sarkavir region, located in the southern border of Semnan province and adjacent to the northern edge of the central desert, has some neglected songs. Dialect of this region, with more similarities to the ancient Khorāsān dialects, has remained largely intact for various reasons, including the inaccessibility to the city. These poems, related with mourning and rejoicing customs, and songs by women in ceremonies. have maintained their strength and power in funerals and wedding ceremonies until now.  In this article, we have tried to introduce "Soru" and "Ongâre" as two special wedding and funeral songs, analyze their literary and anthropological aspects, and through it, explain some features of their speakers.

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One of the most beautiful aspects of Iranian oral literature is traditional melodies and songs that speakers of different regions and ethnic groups intone at work or in ceremonies or special occasions. These songs up to mow now have been applied by human in manifestations and ceremonies. Some of these songs have risen from Iranian ancient culture and have retained their old origins. Despite the attractiveness of words and meaning, some of the melodies for various reasons, including the inaccessibility to the city has remained largely intact. These poems are related to rejoicing customs. Poems, based on ancient traditions, have maintained their strength and power in wedding ceremonies till now. Ollāh is one of these fantastic songs which residents of southern villages of Shahrud and Damghan (Torud and Sarkavir area) from the far past use in their wedding. This ancient tradition has retained its effervescence and reliability yet. In this article we have tried to firstly introduce Ollāh and review the features and specifications of its literary aspects. Furthermore, we have analyzed some features of the popular culture of its speakers.

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Aims: The studies on measuring the quality of public space in Iran and the world literature show a kind of standardization in the use of quality measurement criteria.While the concept of the quality of public space could be perceived differently,concerning space type and the political-economic-social background of the formation and evolution of public space can provide a different understanding.It seems that in assessing the quality of public space,the focus is mostly on quantitative and statistical methods,and understanding the nature of space has not played a significant role in measuring quality.This research provides a new path to measuring the quality of public space based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods.

Methods: Haft-Hoz square has been selected as the research study to validate the proposed process. The combination of content analysis, historical-interpretative method, in-depth interviews and compilation of oral memories, behavioral analysis, and correlation analysis have been used in this research.

Findings: This research presents a new methodology based on seven steps, including:identifying quality criteria based on international literature,identifying quality criteria tested Iranian literature on public spaces,combining the criteria of the first and second steps, and validating the possibility of evaluating the selected criteria based on field study,a historical-interpretative study of the transformation of the form of public space in different historical periods,conducting behavioral studies based on Jan Gol's method,conducting in-depth interviews with users who have a long history of using the space to extract oral memories and identify the most critical space quality measures over time and quantitative analysis reveals the correlations of quality measures.

Conclusion: Providing a comprehensive methodology in evaluating the quality of urban public spaces is the most important result of this research.

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The purpose of this study was to test the political behavior model on managers' decisions with the mediating role of organizational identity and the moderating role of organizational trust in sports organizations. The study sample was all middle managers Federations, Youth and Sports Ministry, Office of Sport and Youth Sports provinces and provincial heads of 250 people, of whom 104 subjects were randomly selected. The present study is a descriptive-correlational survey research and applied research that was conducted in the field. Data collection was through four questionnaires of political behavior (17 questions), managers' decision making (14 questions), organizational trust (12 questions) and organizational identity (16 questions).Validity and questionnaires were confirmed. Reliability was also reported through Cronbach's alpha coefficient (political behavior =0.89, managers' decision = 0.92, organizational trust =0.85 and organizational identity =0.90). SPSS software, SPSS sample power and Smart PLS were used to analysis the data. The results showed that organizational trust has a positive and significant effect on managers' decisions. Political behavior has a positive and significant effect on managers' decisions. Political behavior has a positive and significant effect on organizational identity. Organizational identity has a positive and significant effect on managers' decisions. Political behavior also has a positive and significant effect on managers' decisions through organizational identity. Finally, the results showed that organizational trust can moderate the relationship between political behavior and managers' decisions as a positive and significant effect. According to the results, it is suggested that when appointing managers, persons should be selected who care about the role and opinion of employees in organizational decisions and consider consulting in their activities.

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Optical properties of graphene oxide and poly methyl methacrylate nanocomposite was investigated in this paper. Initially, graphene oxide was prepared from the oxidation of graphite powder by a strong acid by Hummers-Offemane method. Then identification, purity determination and particle size were obtained by using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The average size of graphene oxide nano particles was estimated about 38.4 nm using the XRD technique. So nano composites of graphene oxide based on poly methyl methacrylate were prepared by the co-precipitation method as an optical sensor element. Nano  composites were identified and characterized by FE SEM, EDX, XRD and FT IR analyzes. To investigate the optical properties of the specimens, UV-vis spectro photometry and reflective spectrometer were used. For three samples of the poly methyl methacrylate nano composite containing nano -graphene oxide, the values ​​of the color parameters b *, a * and L * were obtained that were prepared in the same conditions. Then the black index of the Westlanchr('39')s ratio was calculated. The average blackness index calculated was 3.7 for this nano composite. The study of UV-vis spectra in the region of 400-1100 nm for this nano composite showed that in the 400 - 700 nm regions the light transmission of UV light is approximately zero. Therefore, the results showed that the use of graphene oxide in the PMMA matrix improves the nano composite coating properties against UV waves and nano oxide graphene gives better shades of black color compared to other fillers and pigments.

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Research subject: Expandable Poly Styrene (EPS) has many applications. This polymer prepared by the radical polymerization. This material has many uses in packaging and insulation industries Some of the properties of this polymer like low mechanical strength caused its applications to be limited. By adding some materials, these properties can be improved. Styrene Butadiene Styrene (SBS) is from the materials that which by adding it to the EPS it can improve its quality.
Research approach: In this research, EPS having different percentages of SBS (0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03) in different conversion percentages (0.6, 0.63, 0.66, 0.69) has been prepared. Different tests like Impact Test, Modular Melt Flow test, Vicat Softening Temperature test, Tensile at Break test, K-value test, Rochwell Hardness test and Elongation at Break test are done on the prepared polymer. Laboratory gained data has been simulated by Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) method of artificial neural networks (ANN) and the simulated data covers the laboratory data perfectly.
Main Results: Investigating the tests show that in constant percentages of SBS in EPS with increase in conversion percentage of EPS, the numerical amount of the tests increases except MFI test (low MFI number means better quality). Increase in SBS percentage in the EPS, increases the properties of polymer. In addition, the results of simulation show that the laboratory data covers the the simulated data perfectly. The data obtained from the results of this reasearch can be used for predicting the data for the points which has not been tested. Adding SBS in different weight percentages of poly styrene in different conversion percentages in order to increase the properties of poly styrene has been used for the first time in this research and the laboratory data results in points which has not been tested has been acquired by applications of ANN.

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The theory of Jismāniyyat al-Ḥudūth wa Rūḥāniyyat al-Baqā’ (corporeal origination and spiritual subsistence) in Mulla Sadra’s philosophy is one of the most fundamental perspectives in explaining the nature and evolution of the soul. This theory dynamically explains the relationship between matter and form, holding that the human soul originates as a material phenomenon but ascends to a spiritual, immaterial level in its developmental process. In contrast, emergentism in contemporary philosophy of mind and science argues that new qualitative properties such as mind and consciousness emerge from the complex interaction of material components and possess causal efficacy irreducible to their physical bases. The present article provides a comparative analysis of Mulla Sadra’s theory within the framework of emergentism, identifying key similarities and differences. It further examines the metaphysical and epistemological foundations of both views, assessing their relevance to contemporary debates in philosophy of mind and artificial intelligence. Additionally, the present article offers a distinction between physical and immaterial consciousness based on Sadra’s view.

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Torud district located in the southern border of Semnan province, recognized as subsidiary of Shahrud city in terms of new geographical breakdown . The dialect of people in this obsolete village, having too likeness to some kinds of Khorāsāni dialects, for various reasons, including the inaccessibility to the city has remained largely intact . Hence particular study of words, expressions and interpretations of this dialect can be useful and helpful in solving some problems of classic poems and meaning of the ancient Persian texts, In addition to the benefits of its anthropological and linguists aspects. By categorizing the terminology associated with livestock in Torud district, which is collected during a field study and completed with other correlate books, this study attempts to point to Word derivation, the roots of some ancient words and any tradition joint to livestock in Torud folklore. Morever this study is a main step for ranchind dictionary collecting .

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Every unit which has identity for purposes of role and outward appearance in the geographical space, and its location of the place in the space that is specified, it could be accounted as a building that settlement should be figured as a type of these units. Housing, as one of the basic needs of mankind, has economical, social, and cultural characteristics. Being multidimensional, housing has found its place in the priorities of human life. Meanwhile, development of urban society has found its roots in the rural way of life. Rural housing due to its functional role and its underlying effects on the everyday›s life reserves its own special importance. The rural housing has a remarkable differences to city housing not only from outward appearance aspects but also from respected contains. These differences could be found only by study of compatibility of them with the around natural environment and different housing functions compatible with the environment and villagers activities and besides that the traditional experiences of construction. The rural houses for their residents prepare the necessary spaces for living, store of food and other articles, the place for domestic animals, and a place as a community center for communications, exchange of views and so on. In reality components and spaces forms the elements of house of residential unit and eventually define the functions of rural houses. The rural houses have different functions. The study and investigation of architecture and structures of rural houses not only can recognize the circumstances of construction and experiences of formers in the architectural harmony with the environment and climate but also can be as a light in the improvement road of rural houses in front of responsible persons and experts. In the investigation and recognition of rural settlements, typology of villages in one of the objects that for ease of rural development planning always should be considered. In principal, the rural typology is one of the main rural geographical subjects. Diversity in the type of villages is a consequence of differences of factors and phenomena which has been effective in coming into existence of villages. In human subjects, type of villages as compared with (with regard to) physical factors is more effective of the social and economic structures of villages, although the physical factors also play their role. The spatial establishment model of rural settlements for the reason of dependence of its most productive activities. The natural conditions and factors, more than the urban settlements can be influenced by these factors. The public fabric of rural settlements states the shape, form and model that are resulted from influence of different factors in the village land and the method of connection and interaction of these elements and their characteristics. In this manner, the skeleton fabric of these settlements is the representation of the disciplined method of houses and establishment of agricultural land and also quality of setting the roads and squares (road system) next to each other (saeidi, 53 ,2002). Distinction and differentiation of density rate and shape (form) of each village can help the nature recognition and also the social – economical differences that are ruling it. In this matter, rural housing is manifestation place of livelihood – living methods and eventually forces and environmental key factors and social- economical trends are effective on shaping up them. In this research, the method of study is based on field and document study, that documental method is including written document in the area of rural life and statistical resources. In the field study method for investigation of housing characteristics in the rural fabric, four principal methods of cluster sampling have been used. In this cluster category, it is tried the majority methods and also the ones from space point of view are usable and it is possible to use them in making model and repair for preservation of rural culturalheritage should be chosen. In choosing some models, regional native characteristics are considered in a way that housing as an outcome and product of architecture with the climatic conditioning of the zones are harmonized. Settlements of Semnan province in regard of natural environment characteristics and also from extent and population is confronted by the diversity. In this manner, for sampling, at the beginning, settlements of province based on population and four separated cities have been categorized in four population zones. Then for the reason of natural limitation establishment and forming of the settlements that following it in the fabric whole construction and rural housing has had remarkable influence. Four zones of villages in each city of province from natural establishment model point of view have been divided in three mountainous, hillside and flat zones. The results of investigations show that position and climatic geographic characteristics have a significant role in rural housing fabric and outward appearance and forming model of spaces, function of rural housing and types of construction materials of housing fabric of village which have been used with the native traditions and public recognition of material production technology and implementation of efficient models in the architecture of building housing have been continuous and sustainable. Investigation of rural housing architecture as a guide can play a role in development and improvement of rural housing in front of planners and experts. In this article, investigation of rural housing characteristics in three zones of flat, hillside and mountainous have been done and recognition and investigation of some of the housing models in each zone, the internal form and function of rural housing and the type of materials that have been used in houses. In this research, choosing some of the models with the pre-assumption that is being efficient and also possibility of copying of model along with construction and with repair and rehabilitation of housing in rural fabric provides the possibility of harmony of housing with climate for residents. The results of investigations show that situation, geographic factors and characteristics have a significant role in development of architecture models proportional to climate in each zone and rural housing outward appearance has formed proportional to them. Based on investigations that have been done in the region of study of housing units regarding to extent, form, shape and different spaces of each housing unit have been divided in three kinds of main spaces and the type of establishment and directional spaces are influenced by natural conditions that common model of space making in each of the zone in establishment of space model and choosing direction related to radiation and wind that get into shape. Also, materials and the type of construction materials that are used in housing fabric which is depending on natural environment and has a great support of native material. The role of the yard in every three zones in the organizing of spaces has been effective and common face of all the models. Also veranda in hillside and mountainous zones has a remarkable role between human and environment in outward appearance and fabric of some villages in aesthetics point of view and also in climatic has been significant. Some of the important materials that are used in housing are sun-dried brick, stone, brick and wood that have direct relation with regional native and geographic conditions. The other important point in rural architecture is the good interaction and the housing and influence of native and cultural characteristics of builders of buildings that shows their role in simplicity and clearness of spaces also the possibility of alternation and floating of activity in spaces and models could be seen. Product of this approach produces native architecture and harmony with climate that should be seen between human and nature and also can be found identicalness with architecture.

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Folk tales are an integral part of Iranian folklore and their examination, whatever be their literary aspect pave the way to the recognition of the mysterious world of human culture in the distant past. Hosn Ara’s tale is considered a unique version of a popular tale most likely written in the Safavid era by Mohammed Riyadh. This edition is being kept in the manuscript collections of Leipzig University. Hosn Arā’s tale narrates the history of a rich who ends up marrying four women. They are the symbol of female sex in four great prehistoric and historical Iranian periods. Among them, two women have a mythical function and two others have historical implications. This article attempts to analyze the text of the story by examining the quadruple image of women and by recognizing the mythological and historical symbols associated with Khwarazm using non-textual texts and signals. Thus the objective of this study is to demonstrate the cultural integrity of Iran and the lands of the distant past.

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In his book; Nashvār al Mohāzirah and Akhbār al Mozākerah, Tanoukhi – the judge and Arabic literary writer speaks about a puppet called “Dobārkeh”. This short report shows well how this puppet is made in Baghdad and is placed on the housetop at Nowrouz night-the ritual which is closely tied to the ancient ceremony of new year especially saint marriage. By relying on the evidence gathered from Tanoukhi’s re-interpretation and extra textual signs of New Year in Babylon and puppet rituals of Iran, this paper tries to unveil the nature of “Dobārkeh” and its link to the goddess of fertility. The most important result of this research is that Baghdad’s inhabitants hold this ceremony and “Dobārkeh” is the goddess of fertility represented in the body of this puppet. Therefore, it is possible to take into account   “Dobārkeh” and its rituals in the same vein as Nowrouz theatrical rituals.
 

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“One Thousand and One Nights”, has continued to grow until the end of the twelfth Hijri. There are therefore several historical layers in this stories, including the historic layer of Baghdād which represents the history of the Abbasid caliphs and the court that accompanies it. Satan’s companionship history with Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm al-Mawṣilī and the history of Ishāq al-Mawsili with Satan – two expert minstrels of their time, fit into this same layer. Although these two stories were made and discussed in Baghdad, the themes used in their infrastructure are not anchored in Baghdad in Abbāssid dynasty but rather in pre-Islamic Saudi Arabia because they are based on two ancient Arab myths. The first is the long-standing link between jinn and music, and the other is the recognition of jinn as an inspirer who emerges in the belief of "obedience to Cohen" and "the devil -the poet". An upcoming exploration of ancient Arab sources shows how the storyteller, influenced by these myths, describes Iblis as a masterful minstrel who teaches musician Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm al-Mawṣilī.