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Abstract
Aims: Today, due to a large change in economic, political, and other relations, the spatial structure of cities, especially metropolises, is subject to rapid changes. Regarding the influence of structural components, especially the component of politics (power), on space, on
one hand, and the existence of oil revenues and structural features of Iran on the other hand, consideration of the spatial transformations of metropolises is necessary in terms of politics and power. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of spatial transformations of Tehran and Tabriz metropolises in the context of Iranian oil economy.
Instruments and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, the required data, information, and concepts related to the indices explaining the spatial transformations of Tehran and Tabriz metropolises were collected directly with access to some information sources, including the Central Bank site and the Statistical Center. In the theoretical foundation, the most part of the study was done in library. Pearson correlation coefficient and Simultaneous regression test were used to determine the relationship between oil revenues of the country and building approval certificates issued by the municipality of Tehran and Tabriz.
Findings: The oil revenues had a direct correlation with the number of building approval certificates issued in Tabriz (r=0.5663; p=0.0025) and Tehran (r=0.7440; p=0.0005). The oil revenues could explain 56.63% of the building approval certificates issued in Tabriz and 74.44% of the building approval certificates issued in Tehran.
Conclusion: Production, spatial transformations, and construction activities in Tehran and Tabriz metropolises are directly affected by oil revenues.
 

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Description: The study of historical axes is considered as a necessary subject for valuing and preserving the cultural identity of people in the structure of the city and it is a kind of mental and meaningful heritage of a society. While most studies focus on the body of urban facade, there are limited studies to analyze urban facade based on subjective dimensions and meaning. Objective: The main goal of this research is to identify the effective indicators in the redesign of the facade of historical axes based on the semantic dimensions and the mental image of the citizens. The qualitative-quantitative combination of research and research conducted in this field to validate the indicators is considered another goal of the research. Methods: In order to achieve the goal, a systematic review method has been used, and Farsi and English scientific-research articles have formed the statistical population of the research, and examining the interaction between research conducted using the tool of the review method is considered an important tool. The statistical population of the research is about 73 articles, which are based on keywords (mental image, meaning, and historical axes). Some articles were excluded from the research process in the screening process based on the PRISMA checklist, and finally, 57 articles formed the final statistical population of the research, and in this regard, Persian databases (Irandoc, Civilica, Elmnet, and Magiran) and in the field of English-language articles, databases (Scopus, Elsevier) have been used. Findings: The findings show that the geographical distribution and the contextual characteristics of the environment have a direct impact on the understanding of the environmental meaning in urban facade and the indicators follow this issue. The internal structures of society, culture and individual dimensions are also abundant in the literature of the world, and in the quantitative dimension of research, the lack of use of basic theories and communication between components is considered one of the weaknesses of the researches. Based on this, the components and qualities of urban facade and the relationship between them and the basic theories have been collected through analytical tools and matrices, which include indicators such as maintaining the individual and social dependencies of the environment, the involvement of the five senses, and the existence of volume based on shape. Conclusion: The result expresses the deep connection between the mind and the semantic dimensions in the historical facade. Due to the existence of cultural and historical heritage, historical axes have independent identities and characters that can stimulate the mind to understand their inner concrete meaning.

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This Research was to investigate the antibacterial effects of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Aloe Vera on pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC25922), Listeria monocytogenes (ATCC33090) using disk diffusion and broth Microdilution methods. The results illustrated that gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to ethanolic extract of Aloe Vera as compared with gram-negatives bacteria. This phenomenon is due to the structure and the strength of cell wall in gram-negative bacteria as well as the nature and active compounds of Aloe Vera. Ethanolic extract of Aloe Vera showed that the maximum antibacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes in whichthe minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.132 and 0.625 mg/ml respectively. The maximum inhibition zone was observed on Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes with 12 and 8 mm respectively. On the other hand, aqueous extract of Aloe Vera did not show any antibacterial activity. It is supposed that antibacterial compounds such as Anthraquinone, Hydroxyanthra and Saponin had the most roles for antibacterial activity in ethanolic extract on Aloe Vera.

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This paper deals with atomistic modeling of nanomechanical behavior of actin monomer. The major cytoskeletal protein of most cells is actin, which is responsible for the mechanical properties of the cells. Actin also plays critical mechanical roles in many cellular processes which gives structural support to cells and links the interior of the cell with its surroundings. Based on the accuracy of atomistic-based methods such as molecular dynamics simulations, in this paper, we perform a series of steered molecular dynamics simulations on both ATP and ADP single actin monomers to determine their intrinsic molecular strength. The effect of virtual spring of steered molecular dynamics on the mechanical behavior of actin monomer is investigated. The results reveal increasing the virtual spring constant leads to convergence of the stiffness. The stiffness of ADP actin and ATP actin calculated as 215.16 and 228.24 pN/Å, respectively. The results also show higher stiffness and Young’s modulus for ATP G-actin in comparison to ADP G-actin. In order to compare the behavior of ATP and ADP G-actins, the number of hydrogen bonds and nonbonded energies between the nucleotide and the protein is analyzed. The obtained persistent length is 15.61 µm which is in good agreement with the other reported literature values.

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Abstract
In recent years, edible coatings have been extensively used for extension shelf life of fruits and vegetables. In this research, the effect of washing with citric acid (1%w/v) followed by coating with different concentrations of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC;1, 1.5 and 2% (w/v)) in combination with ascorbic acid (AA; 1, 2 and 3% (w/v)) on postharvest quality of button mushrooms when stored at 4  for up to 15 days was studied. After treatment, mushrooms weight loss, soluble solid content, firmness, color, microbial and sensory quality were evaluated at 1, 4, 8, 12 and 15 days of storage. The result indicated that coating reduced weight loss and delayed changes of soluble solid content and color compared to uncoated control mushroom. Coatings had not remarkable effect on firmness of mushrooms. Sensory evaluation showed that the shelf life of mushrooms increased from 8 to 15 days. Washing with citric acid reduced total bacteria, yeast and mold counts. Among different coatings the combination of CMC 2% and AA 3% was more effective.  

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One of the main concerns in the production and processing of fishery products is the issue of storage and increasing its shelf life. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the effect of chitosan-chia seed gum coating (2% and 1.5% of the sample weight, respectively) on some chemical properties (the amount of free fatty acids, peroxide, thiobarbituric acid index, volatile nitrogenous bases and pH). , microbial (number of Escherichia coli bacteria) and sensory of phytophagous fish during storage period (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days) was done at refrigerator temperature. The results showed that the amount of free fatty acids, peroxide, thiobarbituric index, volatile nitrogenous bases and the number of Escherichia coli bacteria in all the samples increased with the increase in storage time, and this increase was less intense in the samples coated with chitosan-chia seed gum solution. The findings indicated that with increasing storage time, the pH level increased in the uncoated samples, but in the coated samples, the pH level decreased at first and then increased. The sensory evaluation of the samples also revealed that the overall acceptance of the samples decreased with the increase in storage time and after the third day of storage, the coated samples received more points than the uncoated samples from the evaluators. Finally, this study showed that the use of chitosan-chia seed gum coating can help increase the shelf life of fish fillets in the refrigerator.