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The efficient and systematic design of language education programs through deploying instructional strategies and techniques and with the knowledge of learners’ cognitive make-up and their environment helps develop increasingly effective and capable language learners. Effective instruction begins with effective educational design which involves a wide range of practices, the most important of which is informed and structured material development. In line with these, the present study was carried out to analyze exercises in Arabic textbooks for public junior high schools in Iran based on Nation and McAllister’s (2010) principles of format and presentation of learning materials and activities. The research employed a descriptive design using qualitative content analysis and to achieve more valid and reliable results, Shannon’s entropy for weighting codes and statistical tests of homogeneity of variance, univariate analysis, and Kruskal-Wallis were used. The population and the statistical sample of activities considered in the study were the same and included all the exercises in the selected Arabic textbooks for the 1401-1402 AH / 2022-2023 academic year. Content analysis was done following a researcher-made scheme based on the layers proposed in Nation and McAllister’s (2010) principles, i.e., meaning-oriented input, form-oriented input, meaning-oriented output, and form-oriented output.  The validity of the scheme was verified through expert opinion and its reliability was calculated using Pearson correlation. The results of the research showed that in these textbooks, there is no four-way balance in the activities and no harmony between the expected four types of activities on form, meaning, input, and output.

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In general, temporary well plugging is essential for repairing of oil and gas wells due to their long life time. One of the newest methods used for this purpose is gel polymer plugging. The strength of the gel in the well conditions is one of the most important challenges in the application of gel polymer in the temporary well plugging in work over operation. In this study, silica nanoparticles were used to improve the strength of polymer hydrogels. The bottle and rheological tests were used to determine the gel strength in desired well conditions (high temperature and high salinity). Also, the gel strength properties and swelling behavior were studied in various conditions such as distilled water, formation water, tap water and oil. It was observed that the strength of the gel increased from 520Pa to about 36kPa (5000% increase) by adding nanoparticles. Also, the gel swelling in the aqueous solution has been significantly reduced. Based on the results obtained in this study, a polymer gel containing 9 wt.% of silica nanoparticles with structural strength and thermal stability at 90 °C was introduced for field studies.

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This article whit a descriptive-analytic method studied and compared two poet’s descriptions about the nature’s perspective. Conclusion: After comparing two poets various description subjects the research conclusions show that they enjoyed a nice and subtle humor as well as sweet speech and rich hobby, that provided for them a great power to describe the nature. Some of their descriptions of the nature have the color of the aristocracy. It seems that Mutran in describing some elements of the nature was under the influence of Arabic literature and Qaani influenced of Persian literature.

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The relationship between the clergy as amajor social force and the Safavid state canlead our simple understandingto the exact understanding that may answer many of our questions in the social history of Iran. This paper considers the relations between the government and the clergy bystudying the fall and the rise of theclerics and the government relations, forms of their participation in policy, its development in the Safavid era and factors affecting on this evolution. This relationship can be investigated using the Tily’s theory and it can be saidthat this relationship takes many forms. Three overall types include membership in theoverall system of monarchy, influencing policy and resignation. Thismethodology is based on descriptive historical narrative approach.  

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Abstract
Turkish writer Orhan Pamuk in his novel "My Name Is Red" by presenting a historical fiction story of a moment in the history of their country's artistic and cultural developments The contrast between traditional art and Western art in the form of a long narrative in the face of the Ottoman court painters Venetian painters (West) has written to the Heand fabls by referring to the distant past and telling stories that are rooted in history and dream and myiths, wider problems of modern society in a way one of the complexities of the world today is rebuilt, This open confrontation with the audience intelligently processing, This raises the question; indeed the author of the text intended to articulate what it is and what it is, how does Reproducing? Part of that comes from this study that The story ultimately is the paradox interpretation unwanted desires historical and cultural tradition and modernism. In a society where at least five centuries ago is still involved in this story. In this paper, we investigate and analyze the aspects of the interpretation of its dimensions. This paper includes descriptive analytical process would have benefited from the resource documentation library.

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Research subject: Iran is a country with high potentials for access to renewable energy sources such as solar, hydropower, wind, and biomass. Biodiesel is one of the renewable fuels that has always been proposed as a suitable and stable alternative (non-toxic, safe, and degradable) to fossil fuels.
Research approach: The experiences of different countries in the use of edible sources for biodiesel production shows that the use of edible sources has caused problems such as lack of food resources for human communities, lack of feed for livestock, and upsetting the balance in the food industry, and it can lead to a significant increase in the price of these resources. Therefore, many researchers have proposed the use of non-edible sources to address these problems. So far, very large non-edible sources for biodiesel production have been identified. In this paper, non-edible sources of biodiesel that are produced or have the potential to be produced in Iran are introduced and studied and a potential assessment study is presented for them.
Main results: In this work, the non-edible sources for biodiesel production are classified into four categories: agricultural waste, waste cooking oils, microalgae, and non-edible seeds. These sources are compared based on various parameters such as oil percentage, oil content per hectare, biodiesel production efficiency, viscosity, saponification number, and cultivation period, which according to the results, non-edible seeds, especially Nowruzak seeds, Castor, and safflower have been identified as the most rational and sustainable sources of biodiesel production in Iran. The present work also deals with the policies and incentives that the responsible institutions can apply for the prosperity of the biodiesel industry.

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This paper aims to investigate the ways in which socio-linguistic parameters such as gender contribute into the turn organization of defense sessions. Interruption plays an important role in the organization of turn taking in the interactions of defense sessions. The current paper is then primarily focused on the description and analysis of interruptions in the interactions of dissertation defense sessions of Persian speakers using the “community of practice” approach. A number of discourse and pragmatic functions (e.g. defense, directiveness, cooperation, competition, etc.) have been identified for interruptions in relation to the power relations of interlocutors in the interactions. Apart from qualitative analysis, some quantitative findings have been provided for further clarification. The analysis of data shows that it is mainly the social status of a speaker that influences the types and frequency of interruption rather than his/her gender. In other words, the social variable does not play an important role in the interruption for turn organization in the defense sessions of Persian speakers.  

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This article analyzes the sources which have been cited in articles of Language Related Research. The research method is citation analysis, and data analysis was performed by Excel software. The results showed that in this period of time, 213 articles were published. 162 papers were presented as team work and the rest were individual studies .The books with 3112 citations and journal articles with over 1258 citations were more than from other sources. Among the cited sources of the Persian, 79.45 percent of the books were written and 20.54 percent were translation. Also, 97.49 percent (506) of the Persian journals articles were written and 2.50 percent (13 cases) have been translation.The highest cited author and translators were respectively, “Hamid Reza Shaeir” with 44 and “Farzaneh Taheri” with 10 citations. The highest cited book in Persian was “Semiotics of discours analysis” with 13 citations. The highest cited journals in Persian and English were the “Journal of Language Related Research” and “Language”, respectively with 76 and 29 citations.  

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This study aims to explain the role of children in family purchase decisions based on the parent clusters with a market-oriented approach. Accordingly, the present study is exploratory in terms of objective and mixed and applied in terms of result. In the first step, 30 statements were extracted using in-depth interviews that after examining the face and content validity, and exploratory factor analysis in the pre-test, these statements were reduced to 29 and the final questionnaire was developed. To determine the sample size, the experimental rules were used, therefore given the 29 resulting statements, the sample size was obtained 290 that a total of 400 questionnaires with a share of 25% were distributed among four urbanite groups of parents in Mazandaran, among which 311 questionnaires were usable. To achieve the parents’ attitude factors, exploratory factor analysis was applied and after removing four statements during various stages, 25 remaining questions were classified in six factors. In the second step, using K--mean cluster analysis, three parent clusters (traditional, halfway and moderns) resulted from the hierarchical cluster analysis approach were analyzed based on six attitudinal factors. Results showed that in traditional, halfway and modern clusters, three factors are of paramount importance including interaction, product and time. Finally, by matching the demographic characteristics of the statistical sample with three parental clusters, recommendations were presented with a market-oriented approach among four types of footwear and clothing, educational, toys, food and drink products.

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Despite the growing body of research acknowledging that strong brands are critical for firms' long - term competitiveness, little research examines how firms should manage their brands internally to maximize their value and the brand performance. The aim by present study is to examine the role the role of market orientation, brand management and marketing innovation in improving brand performance. Population of study consists of active firms in the country's food industry and size of sample is 222 obtained through stratified random sampling way. Data gathering toll is the standard questionnaire, for whose reliability Cronbach alpha was applied. Present study is an applied study in terms of purpose and in terms of collecting data it is regarded as a descriptive survey. Considered model was studied using structural equations modeling. The findings show that brand management system helps companies achieve brand performance better than competitors, and market orientation and marketing innovation are two of the key constituents of the system's development. In this study, the brand management system was considered as an intermediate variable for achieving better brand performance.

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Professionalism is a key concept in the sociology of work, the sociology of occupations, the sociology of professions, management, public administration, Organizational Behavior and in general, organizations and societies at large. Research evidence suggests that executives and top managers have limited attitudes toward human resource function and human resource practitioners, experts and human resource managers but today, new realities of organizations in the global level have put the emphasis on professional status of human resources around the world. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to identify influencing factors on HR professionalism and the dimensions and components of human resource professionalism in organizations. In order to achieve this goal, this research has been carried out using a qualitative method (Meta-analysis). The tool for collecting data and information in this study is the past documents in this field, which generally consists of 36 articles. The method of data analysis is based on open coding. The results indicate that the factors affecting the professionalism of human resources can be based on three general categories (environmental, organizational and individual) and identified dimensions can be analyzed on nine dimensions (governing body, ethical code, independence, certification, legal status, contribution to Society, the body of knowledge, research base, identification). Finally, based on the findings of the study, suggestions are presented.

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 One of the recent developments in the teaching of writing to second language learners is the genre-based approach which follows the more traditional product- and process-based approaches.   Experimental and quasi-experimental studies on the effects of genre-based instruction (GBI) on writing in English as a foreign language (EFL) have been frequently reported in the last few decades. Findings of these studies are inconclusive and inconsistent. Past research indicates that different populations of language learners may benefit differently from this type of instruction. The present meta-analytic study followed two purposes: a) to explore the average effect of GBI on EFL writing based on both experimental and quasi-experimental studies of the past 26 years and b) to investigate how the variables of writing task type, educational level, and first language possibly moderate the effect of GBI on EFL writing. Four research questions were addressed: a) what is the average effect size of studies on GBI in EFL writing? b) Do EFL writers at primary, secondary, and tertiary levels benefit differently from GBI? C) Does GBI affect different task differently?, and d) Do speakers of different mother tongues benefit differently from GBI? In this meta-analysis, a total number of 255 studies thoroughly searched and collected from various academic websites constituted the original population of studies intended for analysis. Based on careful exclusion and inclusion criteria, 26 (quasi)experimental studies providing 28 effect sizes were included as the final sample. The studies were coded for effect size data and moderator variable indices. The analyses were performed using CMA software. The results of the analyses showed that (1) GBI has a small average effect on EFL writing (Cohen’s d= 0.298); (2) GBI significantly more effective for primary level participants; (3) GBI produced different effects for different task types producing significantly higher effects for paragraph writing, (4) GBI was significantly more effective for learners whose first language was Japanese. The findings of this study can be considered as beneficial issue for both pedagogical and research purposes. The results imply that EFL writing instructors should consider possible moderating variables when choosing their method of writing instruction.

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Aims: Marine macroalgae are diverse organisms with adaptation for live in stressful environments. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological activities of organic extract; n-Hexane (nH), ethylacetate (E) and methanol (M) of three green alga from family Ulvaceae, Ulva clathrata, Ulva linza and Ulva intestinalis, collected from the coast of Bandar Abbas.
Materials & Methodes: In this experimental study, for identification the superior species, the tested activities included antioxidant assay at gradient concentrations by ferric reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content, and brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity of these extracts on model organism, Artemia salina. Data analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance and Duncan's multiple tests at 5% probability level using SPSS 21 software and drawing charts using Excel 2013 software.
Finding: The more effective algal extracts by maximum antioxidant capacity, were recorded for M extracts of U.intestinalis, E and M extracts of U.linza and U.clathrata. The algal extract exhibited a higher antioxidant activity in comparing to ascorbic acid (as a standard) with significant differences between the extract in different concentrations (p≤0.05). The result showed the highest content of total phenol were recorded for the M extracts of U.linza and U.clathrata which confirmed the findings of other researchers that the increase in free radical scavenging activity of natural extracts is associated with the content of phenolic compounds. The highest brine shrimp cytotoxicity activity was recorded for the nH extracts of U. linza (LC₅₀= 300.78 mg/ml). According to the results, in general, U.linza can be introduced as a priority species for biological properties and in further studies.
Conclusion: Three green alga from family Ulvaceae, Ulva clathrata, Ulva linza and Ulva intestinalis, have antioxidant and cytotoxic activity. U.linza due to the high amount of phenol and high antioxidant power can be introduced as a priority species for biological properties.

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Risk and failure in the supply chain can have a significant and negative effect on the short-term and long-term performance of the participants in the chain. Therefore, this research has an innovative look for a mathematical model for analyzing the interactive risks of the supply chain system using Bayesian belief networks. The study is descriptive in terms of purpose and has descriptive nature. The research community is classified into the two categories of academic experts and operational experts. In this research, information on the drug supply chain of the Imam Reza Hospital of Mashhad was obtained and analyzed using the bayesian belief network modeling process. The findings of this study show that Bayesian belief networks are much better than traditional risk analysis methods, because it can analyze basic risk analysis, including risk ranking and scenario analysis, and other essentials. BBN can also display different uncertainties in the language of probabilities with an appropriate visual form and provide more comprehensive view of the supply chain conditions and its risks

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Social innovation has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years; as it offers new answers to social challenges and whole community use its advantages. The main objective of this research is to design a social innovation success model in the Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation as a social organization.This research is fundamental-applied in term of purpose and its method is grounded theory.Participants of this research are experienced staffand experts in the processes of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation that by combining the methods of purposive sampling, snowball and theoretical sampling, 16 wer selected to perform semi-structured interviews.Data analysed with more than 200 primary codes in Atlas.ti 8. Factors of mission and Strategy, Organizational Culture,Servant Leadership Style,Organizational Agility, Extensive and favorable interactions with Enviroment and Facilitating Financial Conditions recognized as factors for facilitator level.Innovators' motivation,effective Content and implementation and acceptance of innovation were complementary levelfactors. And brandingsocial innovation, collaborating with international institutions, networking of innovation roles and develop a people-dependent structurewere growth levelfactors of social innovation success model.

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Semantics is one of the branches of cognitive linguistics, whose main goal is to create a connection between words and abstract and mental concepts through the modeling of human physical actions. In this regard, one of the important methods is the use of image schemas, which were first proposed and explained by Mark Johnson. The visual schema plays a significant role in the audience's understanding of the influence of human interactive relationships with abstract concepts. The Holy Quran is a book in which many abstract concepts such as the unseen, death, soul, types of punishments, types of rewards, etc. are used; Applying the visual schema theory to these verses plays an effective role in inducing the message of the verse to the audience. The upcoming research is written in descriptive-analytical method. The purpose of this research is to show the prominent role of image schemas as one of the semantic tools in abstract concepts in the Quran and concrete for these concepts for the audience. In this regard, the verses referring to reward and eagle have been chosen as examples of abstract concepts in the analytical study, focusing on visual schemas of movement, volume and power schemas, and it is expected that the result will be that volumetric schemas are used in reward. And the eagle has a higher frequency than other schemes.

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Beliefs are the basic themes of magical realism. Therefore, correct apprehension of these kinds of stories can clarify and analyze the belief/s from which the stories are originated. Fear and Trembling, written by Gholam-Hossein Saedi, is one of the story collections, which is very difficult to understand, authored in magical realism style. One of the reasons for this difficulty is Saedi's indirect use of this public belief. In this article, the authors want to delve into public beliefs of Zar in this collection in order to have a better understanding of the story. To do so, first, Zar beliefs have been investigated all over the world via library research method, and then the findings are compared against a case study in Hormozgan province through field research. The insiders in that area were interviewed. After that, in a descriptive analytical manner, the elements of beliefs in Zar in the collection story of Fear and Trembling were examined. The research findings show that several elements related to Zar beliefs in this collection have the following pivotal roles: 1) different kinds of Zar wind, the features of its five kinds are evident in the story, 2) the do's and don'ts that those suffering from Zar must observe, 3) Mamazar (the mother of Zar), and Babazar (the father of Zar) are local therapists who treat  patients by music and get help from the supernatural forces and local medicines, 4) Hijab ceremony during which patients are treated, 5) music, that is one of the elements of treatment, and 6) the beliefs in mythical creatures (the cradle baby).

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Objective: An entomological survey was carried out for Leishmania vector incrimination of sand flies in northwestern Iran. Materials and Methods: Among other specimens, 358 sand flies belong to the Sergentomyia Genus were tested for leptomonad infection using semi-nested PCR method as well as sequence anlalysis of ITS-rDNA fragment. Results: Results of semi-nested PCR against kietoplast DNA showed reptile leptomonad infection in two specimens of S.dentata. The ITS2 sequence analysis of the specimens revealed 76% identity with those of Leishmania (sauroleishmania) adleri of Genbank. However, further studies need to clarify the species identity of the leptomonads. Interestingly, blood meal analysis of the sand flies determined an S.sintoni specimen with mammalian hemoglobin. Conclusion: This reptile related sauroleishmania parasites lacks the Lipophosphoglican (LPG) necessary for entrance to human phagocytes cells, and hence are not human pathogen. However, the GlycoInositoPhosphoLipid (GIPL) molecules of this parasite reacts with sera of kala-azar patients and may cause false positive scores in sero-epidemiological surveys for kala-azar. Sauroleishmania can be transmitted to human by infected bite of some Sergentomyia subgenera that show intermediate

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The mythological analysis of the roles of the heroes in the stories reveals new facts about the human institution and its interests and aspirations. The heroine in the form of a mythical representation is one of the most important types of mythological cognition in ancient societies of maternal descent, which is of great value in historical, literary, psychological and mythological research. In this article, the importance of women and their special role in the formation of mythological narratives as well as its connection with the structures of nature, ie water, soil, plants and trees ... are criticized. The purpose of this study is to study, critique and analyze the mythology of the heroine in two mythical narratives of Tiamat, Marduk, Shahnavaz, Arnavaz and Fereydoun based on Raglen theory. In this article, the authors have tried to deal with the mythical critique and comparative interpretation of the archetype of the heroine in two mythological narratives "Tiamat-Marduk" and "Shahnaz-Arnavaz and Fereydoun" and also to point out the common connection between these two narratives with the structures of nature The following results indicate that in both narrations, the female heroes: Tiamat in the myths of Mesopotamia and Shahnaz and Arnavaz in the myths of Iran are the gods of water and in fact the eternal mothers from whom the creation of all living beings takes place. The role of the male god in the form of Fereydoun and Marduk has a lesser appearance. What is tangible and visible in both narrations