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Entering into the Arabic language and literature in the early Islamic centuries, Iranian culture generally turned to become a position of Arabic culture and common among the people in the 4^th century (A.H.). This culture has been transferred though the language tool; therefore, it has influenced on the Iranian authors who used to write in Arabic.  Abu-Hahyyan Al-Tawhidi is one of  the greatest scientists in the Islamic world in the 4^th  century (A.D.) whose  works have Iranian vein. In his book, Titled  Al-Amtaa  Wal-Muanassa, there are almost100 pension load words, among which 20 words, have appeared  for the first time in his work, 21 words have been taken from the Ignorance Age introduced into the Arabic language, and 57 words are loan words borrowed from the Islamic and Arabic eras. The Persian loan words mainly include the names of food stuff, birds, animals, and mechanic herbs. The names of flowers, musical instruments, plays, building tools, etc. have rarely been used in this books. Since, the Persian loanwords are meaningful by themselves; hence, the goal of this study is to assign the cultural meaning/concept of Persian words, which have conveyed in to Arabic Language.  As such, through knowing the Semitics of words, the kind of influencing culture can be easily specified.  

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Abstract Saadi’s poetry is famous for its inimitable simplicity of adjectives and such features can be traced in many of Al-Mutanabbi’s poetry. This article attempts to explore these adjectives in some of Saadi’s lyrics embodying wisdom or mysticism and Al-Mutanabbi’s poetry of wisdom and concept. To achieve this aim structuralism and Philosophical hermeneutics representing two opposing perspectives are employed. Hence, examining how the two approaches are applied, the criteria of inimitable simplicity of adjectives are discussed. Through the structuralist approach, the aesthetics are removed in terms of partial and objective aspects and the analysis of the poems enter a dynamic mental space. However, with philosophical hermeneutics approach history, relevance, development, dynamism, meaningfulness of abstract time and metaphysics are seen in the considered poems. They have a dynamic presence in the lyrics. Literary elements such as rhythm, rhyme, imagery are not effective criteria to analyze the inimitable simplicity of adjectives in the poetry of Saadi and Mutabi. The findings signify the philosophical hermeneutics can be considered as the criteria for evaluating such adjectives in the poetry of the two mentioned poems.

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Unlike text-based reading, discourse analysis considers all effective elements in the meaning of the text.  In addition to linguistic aspects of the text, situational context, and metalanguage in general are also taken into account.  In terms of critical perspective, it studies ideology and power relations as leading elements of the text.  Such an approach prepares the way to a comprehensive understanding of the text to the translator.  In this regard, the present paper aims to employ a reference- analysis of critical analysis discourse in translating Arabic texts into Persian.  Thus, with the assumptions of the deficiency of the text-based reading, the practicality of critical discourse analysis in transferring the hidden parts of the text has been sought.  By analyzing and translating some contemporary Arabic texts, the paper has tried to prove the above assumptions.  In conclusion, it can be noticed that in addition to highlighting the situational aspects of the text, the presented ideology directs the text.  Considering the meanings of hypertextuality, the translator has organized the target text with an appropriate style. 

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Each of the performance assessment models is an instrument that after implementing it can give the decision makers different information. So it is inevitable to use these models to answer the questions and problems that has been arizen in decision makers’ mind. Therefore, in this article we want to explain the mathematic model of the suitable Data Envelopment Analysis, grading efficiency of instruction groups, the weak and strength points of each group and the situation of optimum use of accessible sources in the human sienceses faculty from the view point of DEA. Since the different models of DEA have been developed during last years to be used in different areas, one of the most important steps before evaluating surveyed units is choosing a model or models suitable with them. This article presents a collection of consecutive steps, in a conceptual framework in order to choose correctly a performance evaluation model. These stages should be performed one after the other, otherwise the credits of evaluation model can scrafeh due to the natural weak nesses of DEA method.

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aims: In this article, Shamsiya of Yazd, a complex of the 8th century A.H, is examined through the lens of two historical texts "Tarikh-e Yazd" (by Ja’fari) and "Tarikh-e Jadid-e Yazd" (by Kateb) - both from the 9th century. The differences between these 2 descriptions and with the remains of the building, provides a framework for understanding this building and its perception in the past.

Methods: This article, using the historical-interpretive method, first deals with the identification of the Shamsiya complex in the Waqfname (endowment letter) of Jame’ Al-Khairat, and then compares the descriptions of Ja’fari and Kateb with each other and with the Waqfname and building itself. Secondly, it will list the differences among descriptions. Finally, considering social backgrounds and textual context, it will recognize the Shamsiya collection and the way it was looked upon.

Findings: The main difference between Jafari's text and Kateb's about Shamsiya is the type of reference to decorative details and water supply corridors. Also, while the texts of the 9th century mention two madrasas in this complex, only one madrasa is mentioned in Jame’ Al-Khairat. There are other minor differences between them also.

Conclusion: The key to understand the differences lies in two authors' different perspectives; While Ja'fari pays attention to the whole building and the surface water passages, Kateb weighs more to the decorative detail and underground water. Also, the difference between the social background of the 9th and the 8th century has caused the building of Dar al-Siyadeh to gradually become "Madrasa".

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نباید تاریخ را تنها سلسله حوادث رخ داده ای دانست که در کتاب‌هایی گردآوری شده تا خوانندگان را سرگرم کند، بلکه حوادث و شخصیت‌های تاریخی، نقش اصلی را در آفرینش شخصیت اجتماعی هر فرد دارد. شاعران توانمند با بهره گیری از تاریخ، شعر خود را با عاطفه و ذهنیت تاریخی خوانندگان گره زده، و با فراخوانی شخصیت‌های تاریخی که ویژگی‌های بارزی دارند، در شعر خود پلی می‌سازند تا امروز مردمان را به گذشته باشکوهشان پیوند دهند، و ذهنیت و شخصیت تاریخی آنان را بازآفرینی و توانمند کنند. بحتری شاعر دوره عباسی شیفتگی شگفت انگیزی به مظاهر تمدن ساسانی نشان داده است، با آنکه شاعری است با ریشه عربی و طرفدار سنت‌های شعری گذشته عرب، اما را در شعرش نام سران و بزرگان تمدن ساسانی را به وفور آورده است، تا ملت عرب را به مجد و بزرگی آنان فراخواند. وی نام « اردشیر»، «بهرام گور»، «انوشیروان»، «خسروپرویز»، «قباد»، «هرمز» و «یزدگرد» را در شعرش ذکر کرده و آنان را مایه فخر و مباهات دانسته تا آنجا که خود را از ملت فارس می‌داند و عزت آنان را برتر می‌شمارد. وی این شخصیت‌ها را رمز تمدن ملتی می‌داند که در روزگار سخت جنگ «اریاط»، اجداد عرب شاعر را کمک کرده‌اند، بلکه بالاتر اینکه از نظر بحتری انسان باید مردمان شریف را از هر جنس و ریشه‌ای که هستند، دوست داشته باشد. به همین دلیل ملت فارس برای این شاعر عرب دوست داشتنی بوده است.

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The prophetic eulogy is considered one the poetic techniques that poets have written innumerably since the time of the revelation of the Holy Qur’an to the present days. Ka'b Ibn Zuhayr had extended this technique by compiling eulogistic verses and during the course of history; many poets were influenced by his techniques and content. Ibn al-Sāʻātī, a Shia poet of the Ayyubi era, to imitate the ode of Ka'b bin Zuhayr, also composed one in praise of the prophet with the same prosody and rhyme. In terms of structure and content, similarities and differences in the two are visible such as ephemeral of the world, praise of the holy prophet and demanding his forgiveness, and the historical events are the most important common themes. The main difference between the two panegyrics is that Ka'b bin Zuhayr praises immigrants as loyal companions of the prophet while Ibn al-Sāʻātī - because of being Shia- praises the family of the prophet. However, both pay particular attention to the rhythm, structurally. This study intends to investigate the structure and content in the prophetic eulogy of both poets, through a descriptive-analytic method. Of the highlights of the findings, “Ibn al-Sāʻātī” has been influenced clearly by the praise of “Ka'b bin Zuhayr” in words, meaning and method. Regardless of many common points, there are two fundamental differences: the Shia and religious color is clearly seen in the panegyric of “Ibn al-Sāʻātī” while Ibn Zuhair composed his ode to apologize the prophet. “Ibn al-Sāʻātī” has been drunk to satiety of the beauty of the Holy Quran but “Ka'b bin Zuhayr”- due to its proximity to the time of revelation of the Quran-, was not familiar with this book and except for a few references, he did not use it.
 

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Time in the metaphysical sense is an infinite cognitive system that calls man to dynamic thought and does not limit it in time framework and focusing on though takes on a dimension beyond reality.
Existence too does not know the limitation of time and depends on the mind without reality. The poetic presence creates meanings in various perspectives. There are thinkers in Iran and the Arab world who have discussed time and existence in poetry from a philosophical perspective. Dariush Shayegan, a contemporary Iranian writer, translator and thinker, wrote the book entitled Five Realms of Being to show how the Iranians and the five great poets, namely: Ferdousi, Rumi, Khayyam, Hafiz, and Saadi are connected. Arabic Poetics of Adunis is a literary and critical study in the field of poetry, contemporary Arabic literature and culture. With his cryptic and philosophical writings, invites the audience to think. The book that was originally university lectures consists of four studies: poetics and pre-Islamic narratives, poetics and the Qur’anic space, poetic and thought and, poetic and modernity. This article employs a comparison between the two books taking into account their philosophical views, both existentially and chronologically, as they are philosophers of vision, regardless of being authors.