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Showing 78 results for بخشی


Volume 1, Issue 1 (3-2013)
Abstract

This study was carried out to investigate alternative instead of corn gluten meal in diets and the effects of this substitution on blood biochemical and hematological parameters of common carp juvenile. Juvenile's carp with an average 11.5 ± 0.5g, 9 ± 1cm weight and length respectively, were fed with experimental diets for 8 weeks. Diets with 31% crude protein and 3100 kcal kg-1 raw energy alternative levels of 150, 270 and 490 (gr kg-1) and a control diet without corn gluten was made. At the end of the experiment, blood biochemical parameters, including glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells (RBC) in juveniles fed the experimental diets compared with the control group showed a significant difference (P0.05). Also with replacement value of corn gluten in experimental diets, it was concluded that growth and nutritional factors treatments compared with control group significantly decreased (P

Volume 1, Issue 1 (Winter 2018)
Abstract

Aims: The assessment of threats and vulnerabilities of critical infrastructure such as urban water infrastructure can, in many cases, significantly reduce vulnerabilities or minimize the consequences of a threat. The aim of this research was to evaluate the components of the contingency and impact severity of human-oriented and natural-based threats in urban water infrastructure.
Instrument and Methods: In this analytical-descriptive study, a library collection method, including the study of books, research, and domestic and International articles of researchers as well as Internet search was used. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by Hazop model and Friedman test, using SPSS 21 software.
Findings: According to the experts, the highest scores were assigned to terrorism acts and suppression, and, ultimately, human error. The most critical type of threat was recognized as chemical attack, military attack, and drought by the Hazop model. The second threat was rocket attacks, earthquakes, and terrorism. The human error ranked next in critical threats. The military attack and drought were recognized as an unacceptable crisis and the probability of a flood, a military attack (ground) and human error were ranked one to three. The impact severity (damage) of the military attack (ground), earthquake, and chemical pollution were ranked one to three, respectively.
Conclusion: The most critical types of threats are chemical pollution in urban water infrastructure, military attack, and drought and are recognized as unacceptable crisis. The probability of flood, military attack (ground), and human error are ranked one to three, and the impact severity (damage) of the military attack (ground), earthquake, and chemical pollution are ranked one to three, respectively.
 

Volume 2, Issue 1 (Winter 2019)
Abstract

Fundamentalism is one of the most important security issues in today’s world, in a way, territoriality has drawn a large part of the world’s security literature. Over the past decade, the North African region became locality of internal crisis, regional ideological and rivalries, and intra-regional powers intervention and expansion of extremist ideas that has cost and effects on both internal, regional and international levels. In the meantime, the north of the African continent, and specially Tunisia country, has created opportunities for the growth and development of ISIL’s fundamentalist organization. The present study is a descriptive-analytical research and its data and information gathering by the library method. Hypothesis of this study based on unified Field Theory of Stephen B. Jones and belive that Territoriality of Fundamentalist Organizations in Tunisaia affected by internal factors (social crisis) and external factors (intervention powers). The result of the study showed that the fragility of the government, the geographical structure, and geopolitical integration in Tunisia, along with the political and international limitations caused territoriality of fundamentalist organization and acted as an obstacle for emerging and developing of a new political entity in this country.

Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2014)
Abstract

Herzberg theorized that job satisfaction and dissatisfaction are different and independent factors. The Herzberg finding about motivator-hygiene factors were based on Storytelling Critical-Incident methodology and several researchers criticized this methodology and mentioned that Herzberg findings biased because of attribution error. In this paper the hygiene and motivator factors were measured using Teck-Hong & Waheed questionnaire. We tested a sample of 190 workers in an Electronic components factory at Tehran (120) and Shiraz (70) cities. Instrument for factor analyzing was SPSS16 software package. Results of factor analysis showed that there are considerable differences in motivator-hygiene factors between Tehran and Shiraz. According to results we found some distinct differences between the Herzberg theory and our findings on categorizing the motivator-hygiene factors. We developed two-factor theory to four- factor theory and concluded that money and security were independent factors. Further analysis of the results indicated that the motivator-hygiene factors were dependent factors Implications, limitations, and suggestions discussed. 

Volume 4, Issue 2 (9-2015)
Abstract

Effects of feeding Artemianauplii enriched with PHB (0, 0.1, 0.3 and 1 g/L concentration) on the growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activity and hindgut bacterial community in the Persian sturgeon hatchlings were investigated. PHB treatment significantly (p≤ 0.05) decreased growth performances of the hatchlings. The PHB also significantly increased the total saturated fatty acids (SFA) and n6, but decreased the total MUFAs, C18:3n3, n3 and n3/n6.  PHB also altered digestive enzyme by significantly decreasing  the total protease, amylase, and lipase. Based on molecular analysis, PHB changed the microbial community in the hindgut of the hatchlings where less dominant bands were observed. Our results show that PHB has negative effects on the Persian sturgeon hatchlings.  Further studies are needed to find out the optimal concentration of PHB to apply in early larval rearing of sturgeon.

Volume 4, Issue 16 (9-2007)
Abstract

 

 

Bakhshi.A.

                                                                    
 
Abstract
This paper deals with the influence of Koranic tales on Molavi as witnessed in his story titled the Villager and the Citizen which comes in Part III of the Masnavi. It addresses Molavi’s pattern-based approach in adopting basic intellectual models from the holy Koran as well as his use of these “ideal patterns” and “paradigms” in developing the said story and decoding its constituent elements while presenting moral, social and epistemological propositions. This is viewed as a unique approach in research on Molavi.
   The conclusion is that Molavi has widely exploited the Koranic tales as paradigms to develop his stories and parables and achieve his main aim, that is to teach moral lessons. This influence is so great that it may not be reduced to “association of ideas” or “system of allusions”.
 
 



Volume 7, Issue 1 (5-2017)
Abstract

Shopping Mall Success in Terms of Factors Affecting on Customers' Shopping Welfare



Abstract
This paper presents a model to explain the role of the welfare of shopping customers is conducted on the success of commercial complexes in the country. Based on data collection, the present study is considered as descriptive. Before collecting the data through questionnaire, and so as to check the validity and reliability of the study, a pre-test was taken. Moreover, to assess the validity of the study, the diagnostic validity (DV) using an average variance extracted (AVE) was first calculated and the composite reliability (CR) was then applied to determine the reliability. Therefore, first the researchers reviewed the research literature, then, statistical sample of the population who were the customers of five commercial complexes in Tehran, were selected and the research hypotheses were tested using structural equations and regressions. The findings indicate a significant impact of variables of Functionality, ease of shopping and entertainment on shopping welfare and significant impact of variableof shopping welfare on complex commercial success, but the impact of the variables of Security and self-congruity on shopping welfare are not approved.

Volume 7, Issue 1 (Winter 2018)
Abstract

Aims: Biofloc system is the usage of microorganisms such as heterotrophic bacteria, algae, dietary zooplanktons, and protists, which disintegrates and consumes reared aquatics propagation and non-eaten foods in ponds and increases the productivity of developed ponds as a modern aquaculture system. The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of common carp meat reared in the biofloc system during the refrigerated storage time (4±1°C).
Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 300 common carps were fed for 9 weeks by commercial food (control) and 3 experimental treatments were fed, and the quality indices of meat were evaluated. The data were analyzed by SPSS software 21, using Duncan's multiple range, one way ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc tests.
Findings: The lowest meat taste quality was observed in sugar beet molasses treatment and it had a significant difference with other treatments (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in case of sensorial parameters and cooking loss percentage in fish meat (p>0.05). Control and sugar beet molasses treatments showed the lowest and highest skin redness index values, respectively. Thiobarbituric acid (TCA) value significantly increased and decreased in control and biofloc treatments, respectively, over storage time (p<0.05). Sulfhydryl and TCA soluble peptides values decreased during refrigerated storage time (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The biofluid system has a positive effect on the quality of common carp meat reared during the refrigerated storage time and increases its shelf-life.

Volume 7, Issue 14 (Fall & Winter 2021)
Abstract

Regarding the importance of the quality of religious texts translation such as Qur'an and Hadith, the importance of evaluating this kind of translations is undeniable to preserve them. Among these texts, the translation of Sahifa Sajjadiyya is the one to draw less attention to be studied. One of the valuable translations in this regard is of Fouladvand which suffers from suppression. Suppression, part of negative translation techniques, has received more attention in the Garcés model. This model, proposed to evaluate translation at four levels, is divided into three main groups of addition, conservation and suppression. Suppression includes Omission, Contraction, simplism, modification in rhetorical analysis and Translator error. Applying a descriptive-analytical method, the present article examines the cases of suppression and frequency in Fouladvand translation to ensure its accuracy and conformity with scientific principles and to evaluate it scientifically. The basis of this assessment is to answer this question: How are the translational suppressions reflected in Fouladvand translation regarding the Garcés' suppression pattern? The results of this study show that the examples of suppression affecting this translation are: 1. Types of omissions (omission of a word, omission of several phrases or sentences and irregular omission of sentences, 2. Suppression or reduction (ellipsis, converting the passive to the active tense, nominalization, converting plural to singular) 3. Change in rhetorical analysis and 4. translator errors (semantic-lexical errors and syntactic-syntactic errors). The result indicates also the most frequent reduction is found in word omission and grammatical errors.
 

Volume 8, Issue 16 (Fall & Winter 2022)
Abstract

Every word in the Holy Quran has its own meaning and has spiritual and rhetorical purposes, which should be considered in translation as well. One of the words that requires special attention in the translation of the Qur'an is the word "Innama", which is one of the Bounds and has a special place in the Holy Qur'an. However, despite the importance of paying attention to this matter, some translators have either not exercised the necessary care in translating "Innama", or have not translated it fundamentally, or have translated it incorrectly. In the present study, using a descriptive-analytical method, the verses in which "Innama" is used are extracted and studied in the translations of five translators (Ansarian, Khorramshahi, Fooladvand, Ghomshei and Makarem Shirazi). According to the results of the research, Common errors in the translation of "Innama" are: 1. Translation of the word "إنّما" emphatically, 2. Error in distinguishing the elements of Bound (Bouned and Bound into), 3. Error in distinguishing the Redundant "ma” from the private in "Innama", 4. The error in distinguishing the consonantal ma from the infinitive" ma”, 5. Error in finding the semantic equivalent of "Innama", 6. Error in the same translation of "ella" and "Innama". The results indicate that the translations of Khorramshahi (81 cases), Elahi Ghomshei (74 cases) and Ansarian (23 cases) did not pay the necessary attention to the translation of "Innama" and Makarem's translation has paid full attention to the emphatic translation of "Inna".
 

Volume 9, Issue 1 (12-2009)
Abstract

In this study, pulsating hydroforming of tube in a box die is simulated using the three dimensional finite element method to investigate the mechanism of improvement of the corner filling. In addition, the results obtained from the simulation are compared with experimental observations, and the validity of the simulation results is verified. Based on a better understanding of the mechanism of improvement of the corner filling, a new pulsating pressure path is proposed to increase the corner filling. It has been shown that the proposed pulsating pressure path is more effective in increasing the corner filling of the box shape tube hydroforming process.

Volume 10, Issue 3 (12-2010)
Abstract

Tubular components, such as stepped tubes, conical tubes and box-shape tubes, are mainly produced by tube hydroforming process. Obtaining a sharp corner is the main goal in some of these components. In this paper, corner filling in stepped tubes is studied using a new multistage hydroforming die. The proposed die was simulated and filling of the die cavity was investigated. The finite element software, ABAQUS 6.4, has been used for simulation. In order to verify the simulation results, the new die of stepped tube was manufactured and then experiments have been performed on it. The results of the experiments verified the simulation results. It was shown that by using the new die, parts with sharp corners could be produced. The simplicity of the die and the low internal pressure are among the advantages of this die.Thickness distribution was also examined by FE simulation and via experiments and it is shown that a better distribution could be obtained by the proposed die set.

Volume 10, Issue 4 (Fall 2019)
Abstract

Aims: In bone tissue engineering, the scaffold as a supportive structure, plays a vital role. Putting the scaffold in dynamic cell culture, such as perfusion bioreactor, makes the role of mechanical parameters such as shear stress and hydrodynamic pressure more important. On the other hand, these mechanical parameters are influenced by scaffold architecture. In this study, the effects of bone scaffold architecture on mechanical stimuli have been analyzed and their effects on the mesenchymal stem cell fate have been predicted.
Material & Methods: Using the tools of computer simulation, five bone scaffolds (Gyroid, high porous Gyroid, Diamond, IWP, and gradient architecture Gyroid) based on mathematical functions of minimal surfaces were designed and exposed in a simulated dynamic cell culture under the inlet velocities of 1, 10, 25, 50, and 100μm/s. Cell accumulation on the inner part of the scaffold was considered as an 8.5-micron layer. This layer was designed for Gyroid and IWP scaffolds.
Findings: Based on the results, Diamond scaffold showed the most efficient performance from the homogeneity of stresses point of view. In the presence of the cell layer, the von Mises stress was reported as 60 and 50 mPa on the Gyroid and IWP scaffolds, respectively which eases osteogenic differentiation.
Conclusion: In gradient architecture scaffolds under dynamic conditions, there is a gradient in shear stress that causes various signaling in different positions of theses scaffold and facilitates multi-differentiation of the cells on the same scaffold.

Volume 10, Issue 19 (9-2023)
Abstract

Ṣaḥīfa Sajjādīya is one of the most prominent and valuable prayer works that has a profound spiritual, psychological, and educational impact on its readers. The importance and position of this valuable book necessitate attention to its accurate translation and critique of the translations carried out so that the best translations can be identified and introduced to readers for better understanding of its lofty concepts. Therefore, in the present study, the translation of this book has been examined based on a descriptive-analytical approach and relying on Newmark's theory, in two components of transfer and indigenization. The results indicated that Ayati and Balaghi have had the highest level of transfer, while Fayḍul Islam has utilized the transfer process to a lesser extent. The highest level of indigenization is observed in Balaghi's translation, and the lowest in Fayḍul Islam's translation. The results of these two analyses also show that Ayati and Balaghi have used the highest level of transfer and indigenization, while Fayḍul Islam has the lowest level of transfer and indigenization, making Fayḍul Islam's translation more appropriate. The types of indigenization strategies employed by translators in translating Ṣaḥīfa Sajjādīya include: 1. Converting the rounded "Tāʼ" to an extended "Tāʼ"; 2. Adding a Persian plural marker to an Arabic word; 3. Using other derivatives of Arabic words; 4. Reversing the order of the noun and adjective; 5. Adding a Persian suffix to an Arabic word; 6. Converting the plural form of a word to singular; 7. Using a different form of the plural word; 8. Removing Arabic diacritics from the word; 9. Converting the rounded "Tāʼ" to "Hā" in Persian, and 10. Constructing a compound Persian verb using the root of an Arabic verb.
 

Volume 11, Issue 1 (5-2011)
Abstract

In macroeconomics literature inspired by traditional economists, it is said that economic growth and more equal distribution in income, are two opposite targets since moving toward more equality of income, will reduce propensity to saving. Based on the optimum growths models, it seems that the highest levels of growth can happen in a system just when in allocating the resources among the generations the attention is more paid to the concept of justice. If in this process the attention is more paid to the present generation compared to the future ones, the available resources for the whole system will decrease and as a result the economic growth will be stabilized at far lower rates. The more economic justice means the higher rate for economic growth. In this paper we use an optimal growth theory for studying the mechanics of this regularity. Empirical calibration of the model to the Iranian economy reveals that if economic policy makers in a planning period via a scenario can decrease social time preference to a 5%, real per capita GDP, consumption, saving and per capita capital formation will increase by 6.5%, 2.2% and 42% respectively.

Volume 11, Issue 2 (7-2011)
Abstract

Main problem for airborne radars in detecting of ground targets is clutter. Space-Time Adaptive Processing is newest method to confront of this signal. A two-dimensional filter puts zeros in Doppler and spatial frequencies related to spectrum of clutter.In calculating of weight vector, covariance matrix of interference signal plays an important role. In practice this matrix is unknown and must be estimated. In this paper adaptive angle-doppler compensation method (AADC) in Bistatic airborne radar is extended to achieve higher SNR in output. In this method compensation in spatial and temporal frequencies is repeated in several stages to increase homogeneity of secondary data used in estimation of covariance matrix. In this new approach subspaces related to clutter covariance matrix decomposition for secondary data are aligned with subspaces of covariance matrix in test range-gate. Simulations in MATLAB shows 3 dB improvement for new approach in comparison to conventional AADC for a spacial scenario

Volume 11, Issue 3 (8-2022)
Abstract

Today, due to the confirmation of the existence of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties in pomegranate peel, the study of its application potential in food health and fishery products has been the focus of researchers. In the present study, the effects of oral administration of ethanolic extract of pomegranate peel (Punica granatum L.) (Dose: 600 mg/kg) on functional changes of antioxidant system and biochemical parameters of blood serum of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during a 45-day exposure against stocking density stress was monitored. In this regard, fish were randomly divided into 6 groups (3 treatment groups and 3 control groups‌ with different levels of stocking density (3, 5, and 10 kg / m3) and three replications. At the end of the exposure period, fish bloodletting and serum preparation were performed. The results of this study did not show a significant increase in biochemical parameters (phosphorus, chlorine, magnesium, calcium, and triglycerides) as well as the activity level of some enzymes and antioxidant compounds such as SOD and MDA in fish serum compared to the control group. However, for stress indicators such as glucose and cholesterol and antioxidant activity such as CAT and GSH, production level has been significant. According to the findings, oral administration of pomegranate peel extract dietary supplement is recommended for consumption in dense aquaculture centers of common carp fish.


Volume 11, Issue 4 (1-2012)
Abstract

This paper aims at identifying the factors that have influenced changes in the level of industrial CO2 in Iran. Environmental Problems, especially “climate change” due to significant increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases, have been on the agenda since 1980s. Among the greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important. By means of an algebraic decomposition method the observed changes are analyzed into five different factors: output level, energy intensity, fuel mix, structural change and residual. The results show that output and energy intensity had the most effect on increasing CO2 emissions. And CO2 emissions are possible to decrease without decreasing output if structure and efficiency energy and Fuel mix get improved.

Volume 12, Issue 1 (1-2009)
Abstract

Objective: The present study investigated the role in transmission of M. tuberculosis strains isolated from tuberculosis patients residing in Northwest (East and West Azarbaijan) of Iran. Materials and Methods: We performed restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis on IS6110 of M. tuberculosis isolated from Northwest Iran. Total of 165 isolates of M. tuberculosis were analyzed by RFLP method. Results: The 5 copies and more IS6110 isolates comprised 30.52% of the total isolates. They formed 16 clustered groups consisting of 2 to 10 cases each. 69.48% of patients had a unique RFLP patterns. Cases from male patients were more clustered than female patients but statistically was not significant (P>0.05). In this study patients with 56 and older age were strongly associated with clustering (59.6%), which were significantly more than younger patients (P<0.05). Conclusion: In the present study we found old age as a major risk factor in contact dependent transmission of TB compared to disease recurrence. Unemployment and poor living condition were also among the risk factors in transmission of tuberculosis.

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