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Showing 57 results for امامی

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Volume 1, Issue 1 (Spring 2008)
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Volume 1, Issue 3 ((Articles in Persian) 2010)
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Volume 2, Issue 8 (winter 2009)
Abstract

The narratology, with a relatively vast domain, is the center of attention for many circles of literary criticism. Besides, the relation between narrative elements with other fictional elements has introduced various new perspectives in the field of literary criticism. The aim of this article is to explain and analyze several narrative techniques, and also to show some instances of these techniques in the Masnavi’s tales. The focus of this paper will be on four major concepts, namely narrative past, Material and mental process verbs, narrative proceeding and intercalated narration. In the part devoted to narrative past, the different functions of the tense of the verb in fictional and factual texts is explicated. In the next part, it is discussed that the reporting of the persons’ external verbs like eating wearing running and the like can occur in nonfictional texts; yet, explanation of the internal verbs like thinking, hoping, and etc., is possible only in fictional texts. In the third section of the paper, the linear narrative and interruption of linear narrative will be dealt with. Finally, in the last part of this paper, the concept of intercalated narration is explored. It should be noted that the intercalated narration involves tales in which the narrative framework proceeds alternately between fictional acts and characters’ dialogues.

Volume 4, Issue 1 (9-2016)
Abstract

Written about a variety of topics related to comparative literature emerged, but so far has not done independent research in the field of comparative literature studies course. With an overview of the work that has emerged in connection with the subject of adaptive, can be a turning point in his third decade as a comparative study. The third decade comparative studies emerged in the decades after witnessing a boom for many reasons and sometimes comparative literature studies have been declining.The author of an extensive research project for nearly two years to identify introduce and review all work is paid until the end of 1330 in relation to comparative literature in 1390 has emerged. What is discussed in this article studied the records of comparative literature is presented in tables and graphs when the subject is represented and ascending or descending research and analysis are their strengths and weaknesses.    

Volume 6, Issue 4 (Winter 2022)
Abstract

 Research subject:
The kinetics of xylene isomerization reaction on Mo-Pt @ZSM5 catalyst has not been investigated so far. In this research, the single reversible reaction of meta-xylene to para-xylene has been studied to model this process. Considering that the feed of the industrial unit has only small amounts of non-xylene compounds, it seems reasonable regardless of other reactions and the results of this research also confirm it.
Research approach:
The desired reaction was carried out in the gas phase and constant temperatures of 375 oC and 378 oC on Mo-Pt @ZSM5 catalyst. The feed is taken from an industrial unit. In each test, the temperature is considered constant. In this research, in order to obtain a simple model, only the reversible reaction of meta-xylene to para-xylene is considered. The forward speed constant is considered as an adjustable parameter, and the backward reaction speed constant is calculated from the (meta-xylene)-(para-xylene) equilibrium constant reported in the literature. Since other reactions are neglected, the total mole fraction of meta-xylene and para-xylene is assumed to be constant and equal to their sum in the feed, and the mole fraction of ortho-xylene is calculated from the (meta-xylene)-(ortho-xylene) equilibrium constant reported in the literature. Using the mass balance and performance equation of the packed column as well as Ergun's equation to estimate the pressure changes along the column, a suitable differential equation system was proposed in this research and solved numerically using the ode45 function in MATLAB.
Main results: both the experimental data and the simulation results with the Aspen HYSYS software show that the temperature has little effect on the obtained results in the investigated temperature range. The optimal value of the reaction rate constant of metaxylene to paraxylene for the forward reaction is 1340 cm3 of product per gram of catalyst per hour. For the reverse reaction, it is obtained from the equilibrium constant data in terms of temperature. The results and the proposed simple kinetic model give a good prediction of the experimental data.



Volume 6, Issue 12 (Fall & Winter 2020)
Abstract

Translation of the Holy Qur'an is a way to establish a connection to Holy Qur'an for non-Arabic people, therefore analyzing and criticizing the translations of the Holy Qur'an is necessary to understand the merits and shortcomings of previous translations and to obtain a favorable translation. One of the common languages for the translation of the Holy Qur'an is the Russian language. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, this paper examines five prominent translations of the Holy Qur'an into Russian including the first verse of Surah Alaq by “Mohammed Nuri Usmanov”, “Valeria Prokhorova”, “Ignati Krachkowski”, “Elmir Kuliyev” and “Betsy Shidfar”. In this study, in addition to presenting a history of the translation of the Holy Qur'an into Russian, these translations were examined on the first verse of Surah Alaq, and their strengths and weaknesses were explained with reference to interpretive, literary, and historical evidence and finally, a relatively appropriate translation of the verse mentioned is presented in Russian language using the appropriateness of the verses in Surah Alaq.



Volume 7, Issue 30 (12-2019)
Abstract

A significant part of Persian poetry is epic, and its domain has extended to the realm of folkloric literature. Local Jangname are poems with epical features that have been specifically written to imitate Shahnameh. These poems are in the form of masnavi, motaghareb and sometimes hazaj, describing exaggerated narratives, tales and heroic stories of persons or historical individuals from a geographical area. They are preserved for a long time in the area and could be used to resolve local and tribal conflicts. Depending on their subject matter, Jangname sometimes narrates the war between tribal leaders and the feudalists (khavanin) of the region, and at times narrates the war of a group with the central government, or the battle of a group of regional people with foreign forces. The element of war and the celebration or degradation of the local and regional characters and events are the basics of these poems. The works focused in this study are Jangname of Raeesi Delavari, Jangname of Hayat Daboud and Nightshift, and Jangname of on the light of Liravi which are studied stylistically and typologically. These poems influenced by the linguistic and literary style of the Shahnameh and other epic texts, as well as their tone and dialogue, have substantial differences with the epic genre; there is no indication of aspects such as myth, fiction, heroism, national spirit, and defamiliarization in these poems. They suggest no national spirit, because their heroes often seek to achieve their personal goals and objectives. It is concluded that these poems should be called ‘quasi-epic’.

Volume 8, Issue 3 (10-2004)
Abstract

Seyyed Mehdi Enjavi Nezhad Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Shiraz University   Mohammad Emami Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Shiraz University    Pious endowment, as a behavior that makes possible the continuity of charity has been common among various nations from long ago; however, in Islam because of the emphasis of the Holy Quran and the Muslims' care on charity affairs, it has got a more significant place, in the manner that it is discussed and scrutinized by the jurists and it's various dimensions have been taken under the juristically rules and principles. Compiling the Civil Law and allocating the articles No. 55 to 91 to it, endowment is formed as a legal foundation subject, and through the establishment of "Endowment Organization", it would be controlled by the government and Law. Expansion of the government activities in affairs such as adopting policies toward restricting the private ownership due to the fulfillment of various purposes has led to the compiling of laws that contain endowment cases, the most important of which is supervising the sale of ensoment properties and changing them to the better. In this article, the process of changes in law has been surveyed and the principles of endowment sale and changing to the better bas been clearly explained. In addition, considering the interests of endowment, the way for optimum use of endowment in the framework of full filling the real purpose of those who do it, would be prepared and the way for compiling suitable laws in this case would be paved.

Volume 10, Issue 3 (Summer 2019)
Abstract

With urbanization expansion, application of concrete and construction materials is widely increasing throughout the world. Therefore, the use of a mechanism that can effectively extend the life of concrete structures is essential. Durable reinforced concrete structures are generally affected by the crack. Cracks in concrete are caused due to various reasons such as an environmental attack, overloading or accidental damage. Surface cracks in concrete facilitate the penetration of chemicals and corrosive chlorine, so as a result of these factors steel rebars corroded and caused the destruction of concrete structures. Calcium carbonate precipitates have proved their ability as a microbial sealant to fill the cracks and the gaps in Granites and sand. In this method, urea is hydrolyzed by the urease secreting bacteria and calcium carbonate is formed in the presence of calcium ion, which improves the stability and properties of concrete in the long term. Therefore, the use of microbial precipitation in concrete restoration can be considered as a natural and environmentally friendly strategy. This paper reviews current progress and potential of this technology.


Volume 10, Issue 38 (Summer 2017)
Abstract

From past till now the formation of the ghazal have a constant form and defintions and glint in the persian literature. According to this definitions, ghazal is a form that the first hemistich have a same rime with even hemistich. in this period and simulataneously with popularity of the nimas new poetry efforts began to evolve into the field of a ancient forms including ghazal. This innovations mainly occur for dynamics of these formation and their adaptation to the changes with time. One of the most important and original course in the ghazal course is the new ghazal field that there is in the country in a literary atoosphere In this years we have seen a lot of changes in the field of content and form in ghazal. In this research basd on form transformations we try to describe the types of innovation in the form of the appearance of ghazal but the finding of this study show that the most important of them are: 1.change in the form of writing and the system of ghazal lineage. 2. Nimas ghazal formation. 3. Take ghazal visitingly. 4. Put the synonym beyt together. 5. Blending with other formation. 6.Writing the beyt regulary, 7. Bring two hemistich in one beyt, 8. Use of punctuation makes in the frame of the ghazal, 9. Divide the ghazal into several part, Finishing in ghazal technique, This is a research article to survey this techniques, aesthetic and provide examples and analyzes around them and finally a brief discussion a bout the pathology of this techniques. Different.

Volume 12, Issue 1 (5-2012)
Abstract

The purpose of this paper is estimating output gap as one of the variables that affect inflation in the Iranian economy. Therefore, using seasonal data from spring 1989 to winter 2006 and through Hodrick-Prescott filtering techniques the potential output and output gap are estimated and then ordinary least squares approach has been used to find out the relationship between inflation and output gap. Variables such as exchange rates, price index of imported goods, and the adjusted output gap as real variables and expected future inflation have been used for estimating the model considering the facts and theories in the Iranian economy. This test has been done through the rational expectation hypothesis of an enterprise and using a new Keynesian Phillips curve. The research findings verify the new Keynesian opinion. Thus, in Iran where the average rate of inflation in the period, is 19.6% and therefore considered among the countries with galloping rate of inflation, Phillips curve has been estimated with a relatively steep slope. In the long run, the steep Phillips curve according to Keynesians implies that in case of demand shock, the production will increase and compared with the new classic models it has less impact on inflation.

Volume 12, Issue 3 (Autumn 2012 2012)
Abstract

Thermal power plants consume near to 50 billion cubic meters of natural gas each year. So, optimization of power plants in terms of fuel consumption has become an important issue because of economic values and environmental effects. More than 50 percent of electricity is produced by CCGT and SCGT. In addition, CCGT efficiency is much higher than that of SCGT. So, in this paper these technologies are compared. The outcomes show benefits over costs ratio is affected by fuel price and utilization time. In subsidy prices (before energy price reform), B/C ratio of this substitution is less than one. If fuel price increases more than 500 Rials per cubic meter, using CCGT is more economical than SCGT for mid load power plants. If fuel prices are more than 1300 Rials per cubic meter, B/C ratio will be greater than one in any utilization time.  But this ratio is not greater than one for all cases. If all SCCTs are substituted with CCGTs, yearly natural gas consumption will reduce near to 3.5 billion cubic meters. These are 7% and 2.5% of yearly fuel consumption in power plants and total yearly natural gas consumption respectively. 

Volume 12, Issue 4 (11-2012)
Abstract

Soldier pile consists of the passive reinforcement (i.e., no post-tensioning) of existing ground by installing closely spaced steel bars (i.e., nails), which are subsequently encased in grout and transfer the loads from steel piles to soil. As construction proceeds from the top to bottom, concrete is also applied on the excavation face to provide continuity. Soldier pile is typically used to stabilize excavations adjustment to the buildings to prevent surface movement and cracks in the buildings where top-to-bottom construction is advantageous compared to other retaining wall systems. For certain conditions, soldier pile offers a viable alternative from the viewpoint of technical feasibility, construction costs, and construction duration when compared to ground anchor walls, which is another popular top-to bottom retaining system. This paper addresses soil nails that are installed with a near horizontal orientation and are primarily subjected to tensile stresses together steel piles which act as cantilever beam with horizontal nails as supports. Soldier pile can be used for both temporary and permanent structures based on its service life or intended duration of use. Soldier pile is a form of ground retention used when ground conditions comprise of dense to moderately dense soils such as coarse grain alluviums. Soldier pile systems with lateral nails are used in many excavation projects. This method is one of the appropriate support systems in deep excavations. However, most of the researches have been focused on the effects of wall height on the stability of excavations in static conditions, but with increasing of the use of soldier pile systems in seismic regions, the dynamic stability of these structures cannot be ignored. According to increasing of the usage of the soldier pile systems in seismic active zones, it’s important to study the dynamic behavior of these structures. Hence, in this paper, the seismic behavior of soldier pile systems in Tehran coarse grain alluvium has been investigated. The methodology is based on pseudo-static approach to equalize the dynamic analysis. The numerical modelings have been done according to Finite Difference Method (FDM) to this equalization. Based on slope stability theory, it has been shown that the pseudo-static method is a suitable and simple approach to equalize dynamic behavior. Therefore, in this paper, a similar approach has been used to equalize dynamic behavior of soldier pile systems with considering a proposed pseudo-static coefficient. The failure surfaces in dynamic and pseudo-static
 models efficiency. Network of this case study is the roads network of Fars province that it has 59 nodes and 80 arcs. Two groups of hazardous materials are considered and the risk factor is calculated for each group in all links. Each node can be the potential point of the demand or a point of supply. All paths can be used in both directions, and it has been assumed that the risk of passing hazardous material through the path between two nodes is equal for both directions. Risk index includes three factors, “population under effect”, “the environment assets”, and “the number and importance of road facilities across a link”. Results showed the best possible and the safest and most economical routes, would be obtained by solving the safety model and using the result of this model in the safety-economic model.

Volume 13, Issue 4 (winter 2013 2014)
Abstract

Entering firms into a business can be a sign of economic dynamism, but to what extent do they enter according to optimal size or converge to it? The answers are given in two approaches. In the first approach, a new- entrant enterprise adjusts its size by learning market and continues to its activity. In the second approach, the enterprise does not adjust its size and exits the market. In this regard, the study of size distribution of new enterprises in Iran’s textile industry is the main purpose of this research. We collect statistical data for new textile businesses during 1997-2005 from Statistical Center of Iran. We use nonparametric method and indicators of employment, output value and value-added for evaluation of the size distribution. The results indicate that the employment size distribution follows an active learning model and does not adapt itself with market conditions. Regarding output value and value-added, the textile businesses follow a passive learning model and converge to the Lognormal distribution. The inability of firms in convergence by employment and their ability in convergence by output and value added criteria are some signs of a rigid labor market in Iran. According to these findings, reconsidering the labor law in order to making it more flexible is essential.

Volume 13, Issue 11 (1-2014)
Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to investigate nonlinear bending and buckling analysis of radially functionally graded annular plates subjected to uniform in-plane compressive loads by Dynamic Relaxation method. The mechanical properties of plates assumed to vary continuously along the radial direction by the Mori–Tanaka distribution. The nonlinear formulations are based on first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and large deflection von Karman equations. The dynamic relaxation (DR) method combined with the finite difference discretization technique is employed to solve the equilibrium equations. Due to the lack of similar research for the bending and buckling of functionally graded annular plates with material variation in the radial direction, some results are compared with the ones obtained by the Abaqus finite element software. Furthermore, some comparison study is carried out to compare the current solution with the results reported in the literature for annular isotropic plates. The achieved good agreements between the results indicate the accuracy of the present numerical method. Finally, numerical results for the maximum displacement and critical buckling load for various boundary conditions, effects of grading index, thickness-to-radius ratio and inner radius -to-outer radius ratio are presented.

Volume 13, Issue 14 (Second Special Issue 2014)
Abstract

Ultrasonic technology has been applied in many industrial processes such as ultrasonic machining, welding, cutting, sewing, homogenizing, etc. In an ultrasonic system, acoustic horn transmits the vibration energy of ultrasonic transducer to the application area and amplifies the oscillation amplitude. Depending on the application and industrial operating conditions, different horns with different geometries and magnifications are required to be designed. In the present study exponential horns with rectangular cross-section for application in ultrasonic assisted grinding process are designed and analyzed. An analytical approach is applied to model this type of horns. For evaluating the analytical model, some acoustic horns are designed using analytical method and then analyzed by the finite-element method (FEM) in ANSYS. Then, their design parameters such as resonance frequency and amplification factor are compared and verified. A very good agreement is obtained between the results of analytical modeling and those of FEM simulation. Furthermore, geometrical modification was introduced as a solution to coincide the vibration related parameters of the horn to the desired design values. Moreover, a horn-workpiece assembly for applying in ultrasonic assisted grinding was simulated.

Volume 13, Issue 50 (5-2016)
Abstract



Volume 13, Issue 51 (Fall 2020)
Abstract

Structuralist narratology does not provide methods and models to examine silence, ellipsis, and gaps in the text. This paper tried to examine the aspects of silence, ellipsis, and gaps in the narrative, by employing a text-based and analytical method. The text Nocturnal Harmony of Wood Orchestra was chosen for the analysis which is unreliably narrated. In order to identify unreliable narrator and also text’s unreliability, silences and narrative ellipsis were studied. Narrative style and related elements such as focalization, distance, narratee and the narrator’s motivation along with structural elements influence the types of ellipses in the narrative or they are influenced by the gaps of the unreliable narrative. The form can be used as a decentralization device to cover the silence or to create suspension by creating a gap. Moreover, anachronism can create or conceal the gaps and silence in narrative and frequent occurrences is a way of presenting and also covering the narrative gaps. Studying the relation between events and the catalyzer is also another way to understand the dimensions of silence and the devices that cover ellipses in the narrative. All of these were employed to study silence and ellipsis in the text.


Volume 14, Issue 3 (11-2014)
Abstract

It is required to rehabilitate the existing structures due to many reasons including the retrofitting of damaged structures under earthquakes or the need to strengthen or retrofit an undamaged structure designed based on old building codes. So, the rehabilitation and retrofit of structures against seismic loads is unavoidable. This paper presents the results of a nonlinear finite element analysis of an ordinary reinforced concrete frame and also strengthened frame by steel prop and curb under monotonic lateral load. The effect of steel prop on linear and nonlinear behavior of reinforced concrete frame and also increasing the rigidity, ultimate strength, rate of energy absorption and ductility parameter of frame are investigated. The experimental results of a one-bay and one-story reinforced concrete frame are considered and after calibrating the numerical results against it, the mentioned parameters have been investigated. Numerical results show that using steel curb and prop box in compression and tension state with 5,7.5,10 cm2 area in frame will considerably increase the rigidity, ultimate strength and decrease the ultimate displacement of frame. Furthermore, the yielding of steel prop as a preliminary defensive system against lateral loads will increase the energy absorption and ductility and also will decrease the stresses in panel zone.

Volume 14, Issue 4 (winter 2014 2015)
Abstract

Due to increasing concerns on environmental problems in current era, this study assesses the eco-efficiency of oil refineries. The oil refineries play essential role in the national economy in one hand, and cause environmental pollution due to high fossil fuel consumption and Co2 emissions in the other hand. Eco-efficiency is calculated using Windeap software, DEA output-oriented method, and inclusion of undesirable outputs. The results suggest that Bandar Abbas Oil Refining Company is the most efficient refinery over the 2003-2009, and growth rates of refineries eco-efficiency are positive. The results of Tobit regression show that fuel oil and gasoil have negative effects on the eco-efficiency, however natural gas, refinery gases, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) have positive effects on the eco-efficiency. On the other hand, if a refinery refines crude oil slightly more than nominal capacity rate, refinery eco-efficiency will be further decreased. 

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