The Iranian Chrysididae (Hymenoptera), the current state of the art, with an updated checklist and description of eleven new species

The Iranian Chrysididae (Hymenoptera), the current state of the art, with an updated checklist and description of eleven new species

Paolo Rosa

University of Mons, Research Institute for Biosciences, Laboratory of Zoology, Mons, Belgium.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2919-5297

Afrouz Farhad

Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Ali Asghar Talebi

Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5749-6391

Ali Ameri

Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2372-8494 

Daniele Baiocchi

Via Matteo Babini 26, I-00139 Roma, Italy.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-8759

Marek Halada

Milady Horákové 74, České Budějovice, CZ-37012, Czech Republic.

https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3922-2833

Ehsan Rakhshani

Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, University of Zabol, 98615–538, I.R. Iran.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5199-762X 

Citation: Rosa, P., Farhad, A., Talebi, A.A., Ameri, A., Baiocchi, D., Halada, M. & Rakhshani, E. (2024) The Iranian Chrysididae (Hymenoptera), the current state of the art, with an updated checklist and description of eleven new species. Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics, 10 (4), 827–951.

Corresponding author: Rosa, P., E-mail: paolo.rosa@umons.ac.be

Copyright © 2024, Rosa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons NonCommercial Attribution License (CC BY NC 4.0), which permits Share - copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format, and Adapt - remix, transform, and build upon the material, under the Attribution-NonCommercial terms.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT. ................................................................................................................................................ 830

INTRODUCTION. ....................................................................................................................................... 830

MATERIAL AND METHODS........................................................................................................................... 831

RESULTS.................................................................................................................................................... 832

Subfamily Cleptinae Latreille, 1802. ............................................................................................... 832

Genus Cleptes Latreille, 1802. ........................................................................................................... 832

Subfamily Chrysidinae Latreille, 1802. ............................................................................................ 832

Tribe Elampini Dahlbom, 1854. ..................................................................................................... 832

Genus Chrysellampus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932............................................................................ 833

Genus Colpopyga Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954.................................................................................. 833

Genus Elampus Spinola, 1806............................................................................................................ 833

Genus Haba Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954. ....................................................................................... 834

Genus Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878....................................................................................... 835

Genus Hedychrum Latreille, 1802....................................................................................................... 844

Genus Holopyga Dahlbom, 1845. ....................................................................................................... 847

Genus Omalus Panzer, 1801. ............................................................................................................ 851

Genus Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879............................................................................................ 852

Genus Pseudomalus Ashmead, 1902................................................................................................... 854

Tribe Chrysidini Latreille, 1802. .................................................................................................... 854

Genus Chrysidea Bischoff, 1913. ........................................................................................................ 854

Genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761............................................................................................................ 855

Genus Chrysura Dahlbom, 1845. ....................................................................................................... 911

Genus Euchroeus Latreille, 1809. ....................................................................................................... 920

Genus Morphochrysis Rosa & Pavesi, 2023. ........................................................................................ 920

Genus Pentachrysis Lichtenstein, 1876. .............................................................................................. 922

Genus Pseudochrysis Semenow, 1891................................................................................................. 923

Genus Spinolia Dahlbom, 1854. ......................................................................................................... 923

Genus Spintharina Semenow, 1892. .................................................................................................. 924

Genus Stilbum Spinola, 1806. ............................................................................................................ 926

Genus Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876. .................................................................................................. 927

Tribe Parnopini Dahlbom, 1854. .................................................................................................... 928

Genus Cephaloparnops Bischoff, 1910. .............................................................................................. 928

Genus Jsadelphus Semenow, 1901. ................................................................................................... 928

Genus Parnopes Latreille, 1797. ........................................................................................................ 928

DISCUSSION. ............................................................................................................................................ 929

REFERENCES. ............................................................................................................................................ 938

 

ABSTRACT. In recent years, the research on the Iranian Chrysididae has been extremely prolific, thanks to the efforts of different teams. After the first checklist published by Rosa et al. (2013), more than one hundred taxa of cuckoo wasps have been recorded as new for Iran, including nine taxa described as new for science. Moreover, major modifications impacted the taxonomy of the family with two genera revaluated (Chrysellampus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932 and Colpopyga Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954), Pseudochrysis Semenow, 1891 reintroduced for Pseudospinolia Linsenmaier, 1951; the description of the genus Morphochrysis Rosa & Pavesi, 2023 and several taxonomical changes to species level which were published and that deeply changed the first checklist, namely. As a consequence of all these fragmented changes, we propose a new, updated checklist of the Iranian species, to summarize all the new findings published in the last years. We describe eleven new species for science, Chrysis amerii Rosa & Farhad, sp. nov., C. chamrosh Rosa, sp. nov., C. crenulata Rosa, sp. nov., C. edentata Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov., C. peri Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov. and C. titanica Rosa, sp. nov. (succincta group), C. mediasignata Rosa, sp. nov. (leachii group), C. heimi Rosa, sp. nov. (maculicornis group), C. simurgh Rosa, sp. nov. (subsinuata group), Chrysura filidichroa Rosa, sp. nov. (dichroa group) and Hedychridium personatum Rosa, sp. nov. with its own new species-group. We report twenty-six new records of Chrysidinae for Iran: Chrysidea disclusa (Linsenmaier, 1959); Chrysis afghanica Linsenmaier, 1968; C. cylindrica Eversmann, 1858; C. echidna Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967; C. grohmanni bolivari Mercet, 1902; C. klio Balthasar, 1953; C. laetula Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol'skaya, 1954; C. leuconoe Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967; C. maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877; C. mirabilis Radoszkovsky, 1877; C. mossulensis Abeille de Perrin-du Buysson, 1887; C. pseudobrevitarsis Linsenmaier, 1951; C. robertsi Rosa, 2020; C. rutilans Olivier, 1791; C. turcomana Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol'skaya, 1954; Chrysura laodamia laodamia (du Buysson, 1900); Euchroeus pellucidus (Radoszkowski, 1877); Hedychridium bytinskii Linsenmaier, 1959; H. mochii Strumia, 1994; H. plagiatum (Mocsáry, 1883); Hedychrum concinnum (Mocsáry, 1909); H. semicyaneum Mocsáry, 1889; Spinolia stchurovskyi (Radoszkowski, 1877); Spintharina extrema (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954), and S. houskai (Balthasar, 1953). The current number of known taxa has therefore increased from 185 (179 species and 6 subspecies) to 315 (306 species + 9 subspecies). Hedychrum persicum Mocsáry, 1914 stat. nov. is upgraded to species rank. Chrysis chrysophora Semenow, 1892 and Hedychrum cyaneum Brullé, 1846 are considered nomina dubia and the latter as incertae sedis. Chrysis dawahi Strumia, 2012 is considered nomen nudum. The majority of chrysidid species in Iran (77.64%) are found exclusively in the Western Palaearctic region. Among these, 21% are restricted to the Western Palaearctic. A thorough discussion is also provided on unreliable and doubtful species records.

Key words: Cleptinae, Chrysidini, cuckoo wasps, distribution, Elampini, Parnopini

INTRODUCTION

In recent years, the study of cuckoo wasps in the Iranian fauna has attracted unprecedented interest, even surpassing that observed in neighboring countries. In about a decade, thanks to the efforts of various research groups, the number of known taxa has increased from 185 (179 species and 6 subspecies) known before this article, to 279 cited herein (271 species and 8 subspecies). The initial milestone in this rapid advancement was the publication of the first preliminary checklist of Iranian Chrysididae by Rosa et al. (2013), which marked the outset of an ongoing expansion in understanding this group's faunal diversity within Iran. In recent years, over twenty articles have been published to emphasize the richness of chrysidid fauna in Iran (Rosa & Lotfalizadeh, 2013; Rosa et al., 2013; Torabipour et al., 2013a, 2013b; Ebrahimi, 2015; Farhad et al., 2015a, 2015b; 2016a, 2016b, 2017, 2018, 2019; Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015; Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015, 2016; Strumia et al., 2016a, 2016b; Farzaneh et al., 2016, 2017; Iranmanesh et al., 2017; Falahatpisheh et al., 2019, 2020, 2021; Rosa, 2020). Furthermore, numerous discoveries and revisions in nomenclature and taxonomy involving Iranian chrysidids have significantly changed the previous classification of genera and species, compared to just a few years ago, and to the framework of the main world catalogue by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) (e.g. Rosa, 2017, 2018a, 2018b; Rosa & Vårdal, 2015, Rosa et al., 2015d, 2017a, 2017c, 2017d, 2023a, 2023b; Boustani & Rosa, 2022). In particular, some major changes impacted the classification of the chrysidid genera after the publication of the checklist by Rosa et al. (2013): Chrysellampus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932 and Colpopyga Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954 were reinstated (Rosa et al., 2015c; Rosa, 2017); the name Pseudochrysis Semenow, 1891 was reintroduced for Pseudospinolia Linsenmaier, 1951 (Rosa et al., 2017c); the genus Morphochrysis Rosa & Pavesi, 2023 was described to accommodate the species of the pulchella species-group (Rosa et al., 2023a), while members of the inaequalis species-group were confirmed to be Pentachrysis Lichtenstein, 1876 (Pauli et al., 2019), as previously suggested by Linsenmaier (1959a, 1968, 1999). Further changes involved species names and species concepts, as outlined in detail in the final discussions.

This publication aims to consolidate and summarize the diverse changes concerning the Iranian fauna, encompassing species composition, taxonomy, and nomenclature. These modifications, previously dispersed across various journals, are synthesized to offer an updated version of the previous checklist.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The present checklist includes data gathered from literature, museums and private collections. New materials were collected mostly in northern provinces (Gilan, Mazandaran, Alborz, and Qazvin) and southern provinces (Hormozgan, Kerman, and Fars) using the Malaise traps and sweep netting during the years 2010–2013, and are mostly conserved in the Iranian collections of the Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran (TMUC). Other type specimens are deposited in the collection of the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale in Milan, Italy (MSNM). Important collections outside Iran with referenced Iranian materials are Natural History Museum Prague, Czech Republic (NHMP); NaturMuseum, Luzern, Switzerland (NMLU); Biodiversitätszentrum Oberösterreichische, Linz, Austria (BZL); Zoological Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia (ZIN) and the private collections of the first author (PRC), Daniele Baiocchi (Roma, Italy, DBC) and Marek Halada (Czech Republic, MHC).

In the present paper, we follow Linsenmaier (1968, 1987, 1997, 1999) for the definition of the geographic concept of Palestine, intended as the area currently composed of the modern State of Israel, the West Bank, and the Gaza Strip. In this sense, “Palestine” is considered as the geographical region in Western Asia without any reference to the current land claimed by the State of Israel. The definitions of holotype, neotype, lectotype, etc. are used according to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999), fourth edition. Names of genera are listed alphabetically within tribes, and species names are listed alphabetically within genera. New records for Iran are asterisked (*) in the distribution. The present checklist is intended as an emendation of the first one (Rosa et al., 2013), which is considered as the base-line for old citations. Historical records and citations for species already mentioned in the first checklist are therefore not reported here. Personal comments are enclosed in square brackets [ ]. Photographs of the specimens were taken with a Keyence VHX-970F with a VHX-7020 photo camera and the objective VH-Z20R/Z20T. Abbreviations used in the taxonomic part and the descriptions are as follows: descr. = description; fig. = figure; F1, F2, F3, etc. = flagellomeres 1, 2, 3, etc., respectively; MOD = median ocellus diameter (measured in frontal view); MS = malar space (the shortest distance between base of mandible and lowest margin of compound eye); OOL = oculo-ocellar line (the shortest distance between posterior ocellus and compound eye); P = pedicel; POL = posterior ocellar line (the shortest distance between posterior ocelli); S = metasomal sternum; T = metasomal tergum; tax. = taxonomic discussion.

RESULTS

A total of 315 species of the family Chrysididae are recorded from Iran, divided into 25 genera, belonging to two subfamilies and three tribes, among which eleven new species are listed.

Taxonomic hierarchy

Class Insecta Linnaeus, 1758

Order Hymenoptera Linnaeus, 1758

Superfamily Chrysidoidea Latreille, 1802

Family Chrysididae Latreille, 1802

Subfamily Cleptinae Latreille, 1802

Genus Cleptes Latreille, 1802

Cleptes Latreille, 1802:316. Type species: Sphex semiaurata Linnaeus, 1761 [= Cleptes semiauratus (Linnaeus, 1761)], by monotypy.

Cleptes semiauratus (Linnaeus, 1761)

Sphex semiauratus Linnaeus, 1761:413. Lectotype ♀ designated by Day, 1979:72; Sweden: Scania (type depository: London, Linnean Society).

Cleptes semiauratus: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:17 (Alborz).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz). Widely distributed from Europe to Caucasus and Türkiye (Móczár, 2001).

Remarks. The specimen listed by Strumia & Fallahzadeh (2015) may refer to Chrysis striatipleuris Rosa, Forshage, Paukkunen & Soon, 2015, which is mostly distributed in the Southern Palaearctic. The identification of the two specimens cited by Strumia & Fallahzadeh (2015) was done before the revision of these two Cleptes species by Rosa et al. (2015b). A confirmation of the identification is needed.

Cleptes splendidus (Fabricius, 1794)

Ichneumon splendidus Fabricius, 1794:457. Holotype ♂; Italy (Copenhagen).

Cleptes hyrcanus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1920:322. Holotype ♂; Iran: Gorgan [former Astrabad], 3.v.1914, A. Kirichenko (St. Petersburg).

Cleptes splendidus: Rosa et al., 2013:4 (Golestan); Farzaneh et al., 2017:495 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Golestan). Widespread in the Palaearctic, namely Europe, Georgia, Türkiye, and Southern Russia (Móczár, 1997, 1998).

Cleptes striatipleuris Rosa, Forshage, Paukkunen & Soon, 2015

Cleptes striatipleuris Rosa, Forshage, Paukkunen & Soon, 2015:547. Holotype ♂; Hungary: Verőce, 35 km N Budapest (Tartu).

Cleptes striatipleuris: Falahatpisheh et al., 2021:138 (Fars).

Material examined. 1♂, Fars: SE of Khomer, Kuh-e Barm Firuz, 30°25'24"N, 51°53'38"E, 2600m, 15.v.2013, leg. D. Baiocchi (PRC).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). South-eastern Europe, Caucasus, Russia, and USA (Rosa et al., 2015b, 2019).

Subfamily Chrysidinae Latreille, 1802

Tribe Elampini Dahlbom, 1854

Genus Chrysellampus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932

Chrysellampus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932:5. Type species: Ellampus heros Semenow, 1892, by original designation. Junior subjective synonym of Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879 according to Kimsey & Bohart (1991) and Rosa et al. (2013). Genus revalidated by Rosa et al. (2015c).

Chrysellampus medanae (du Buysson, 1890)

Ellampus medanae du Buysson [in Magretti], 1890:531. Lectotype ♀ designated by Rosa, 2009:244; Lebanon: Alei (Genoa).

Philoctetes medanae: Rosa et al., 2013:13 (Alborz, Golestan, Markazi, Qazvin).

Chrysellampus medanae: Iranmanesh et al., 2017:296 (key); Farhad et al., 2018:192 (key, Alborz, Qazvin).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Golestan, Markazi, Qazvin). Lebanon, Syria, Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysellampus pici (du Buysson, 1900)

Ellampus pici du Buysson, 1900:126. Holotype ♂; Türkiye: Smyrne [currently İzmir] (Paris).

Omalus (Chrysellampus) nigromaculatus Linsenmaier, 1997:249. Holotype ♂; Türkiye: Ankara (Luzern).

Chrysellampus shestakovi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:119. Holotype ♂; Turkmenistan: Firyuza (St. Petersburg).

Chrysellampus pici: Iranmanesh et al., 2017:296 (key); Farhad et al., 2018:192 (key), 193 (Fars, Tehran).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Tehran). Greece (Peloponnese and Rhodes) (Arens, 2014), Türkiye (du Buysson, 1900).

Chrysellampus tatianae (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967)

Chrysellampus tatianae Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:120. Holotype ♂; Iran: East-Azarbaijan: Tabriz (St. Petersburg).

Philoctetes tatianae: Rosa et al., 2013:13.

Chrysellampus tatianae: Iranmanesh et al., 2017:294 (Kerman), 296 (key, fig. 2). Farhad et al., 2018:193 (Alborz Province); Farhad et al., 2018:192 (key), 193 (Alborz, East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (Kerman, Alborz, East-Azarbaijan). Central Asia (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

Genus Colpopyga Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954

Colpopyga Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954:137. Type species: Hedychrum flavipes Eversmann, 1858, by original designation. Junior subjective synonym of Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878 according to Linsenmaier (1959a), Kimsey & Bohart (1991) and Rosa et al. (2013). Palaearctic species revised by Rosa (2017).

Colpopyga flavipes rugulosa (Linsenmaier, 1959)

Hedychridium (Hedychridium) flavipes rugulosum Linsenmaier, 1959a:57. Holotype ♀; Cyprus: Limassol (Luzern).

Hedychridium flavipes rugulosum: Torabipour et al., 2013a (East-Azarbaijan); Ebrahimi, 2015:57 (East-Azarbaijan); Rosa et al., 2013:5 (East-Azarbaijan); Strumia et al., 2016b:52 (Fars); Farzaneh et al., 2017:495 (Fars); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:2 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Fars). West-Palaearctic, Cyprus, Palestine, Middle East; Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan; Northern Africa: Egypt (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Genus Elampus Spinola, 1806

Elampus Spinola, 1806:10. Type species: Chrysis panzeri Fabricius, 1804 [= Elampus panzeri (Fabricius, 1804)], by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810:437.

Elampus constrictus (Förster, 1853)

Notozus constrictus Förster, 1853:336. Holotype ♂; Germany: Aachen (Berlin).

Elampus constrictus: Rosa et al., 2013:4 (Markazi); Rosa, 2020:462 (Gilan).

Distribution. Iran (Gilan, Markazi). Palaearctic, from Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968) to Europe, Russia and China (Rosa et al., 2014).

Elampus eversmanni (Mocsáry, 1889)

Elampus ambiguus Eversmann, 1858:549. Holotype ♂; Russia: Saratov Prov. (Kraków), nom. praeocc., nec Dahlbom, 1854.

Ellampus (Notozus) eversmanni Mocsáry, 1889:80. Replacement name for Elampus ambiguus Eversmann, 1858.

Elampus eversmanni: Rosa et al., 2013:4 (Esfahan).

Distribution. Iran (Esfahan). Russia, Caucasus, Central Asia: Kazakhstan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Elampus hyrcanus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967)

Notozus hyrcanus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:126. Holotype ♂; Iran: near Gorgan [former Astrabad], 27.iv.1914, A. Kirichenko (St. Petersburg).

Elampus hyrcanus: Rosa et al., 2013:4 (Golestan).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan) (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967).

Elampus kashmirensis (Nurse, 1902)

Notozus kashmirensis Nurse, 1902:305. Lectotype ♀ designated by Kimsey, 1986; Pakistan: Kashmir, on the banks of Jhelum (London).

Elampus kashmirensis: Iranmanesh et al., 2017:296 (Kerman), 301 (fig. 3E–F); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:2 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Kerman). Pakistan (Nurse, 1902).

Elampus panzeri (Fabricius, 1804)

Chrysis scutellaris Panzer, 1798:11, nom. praeocc., nec Fabricius, 1794. Type unknown; Germany (type depository probably Berlin).

Chrysis Panzeri Fabricius, 1804:172, replacement name for Chrysis scutellaris Panzer, 1798.

Elampus panzeri: Rosa, 2020:462 (Kordestan).

Distribution. Iran (Kordestan). Euroasiatic, from Europe to China (Heilongjiang) (Rosa et al., 2014).

Elampus sidus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967)

Notozus sidus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:121. Holotype ♂; Iran: Shakhrud [Shahrud, Semnan province] (St. Petersburg).

Elampus sidus: Rosa et al., 2013:5 (Semnan).

Distribution. Iran (Semnan) (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967).

Elampus spina (Lepeletier, 1806)

Hedychrum spinus Lepeletier, 1806:121. Holotype ♀ [not ♂]; France: Meudon (Paris or Turin).

Elampus spina: Rosa, 2020:462 (Hamadan).

Distribution. Iran (Hamadan). West Palaearctic, from Southern Europe and Northern Africa to Russia and Central Asia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Elampus violascens (Mocsáry, 1889)

Ellampus (Notozus) violascens Mocsáry, 1889:81. Holotype ♀; Uzbekistan: Taschkent (Krakow).

Elampus violascens: Ebrahimi, 2015:55 (Khorasan-e Razavi).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi). Central Asian countries (du Buysson, 1891–1896; Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954; Linsenmaier, 1959a; Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

Remarks. Elampus violascens was also recorded by Torabipour et al. (2013a), as it was already examined and confirmed. However, figure 1C refers to another species, Chrysis insperata Chevrier, 1870, possibly due to incorrect labelling and photographing of these two taxa.

Genus Haba Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954

Haba Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954:143. Type species: Holopyga almasyana Mocsáry, 1911. Original designation.

Haba colonialis (Mocsáry, 1911)

Holopyga colonialis Mocsáry, 1911:449. Holotype ♂; Eritrea, Keren (Budapest).

Haba colonialis: Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:3 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Eritrea, UAE, and Saudi Arabia, appear to be widespread in the Arabian Peninsula (Falahatpisheh et al., 2019).

Haba persica Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2016

Haba biroi: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:16 (Buyer Ahmad, Fars).

Haba persica Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2016:359. Holotype ♀; Iran: Kohgiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad, Sisakht, 2370 m, 30°52'N, 51°25'E, 7.v.2008, leg. D. Gianasso (paratype from Fars) (Pisa).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Kohgiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad).

Genus Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878

Hedychridium Abeille de Perrin, 1878:3. Type species: Hedychrum minutum Lepeletier, 1806 [= Hedychridium ardens (Coquebert, 1801)], by subsequent designation of Ashmead, 1902:227.

Hedychridium biskranum Linsenmaier, 1999

Hedychridium (Hedychridium) biskranum Linsenmaier, 1999:85. Holotype ♀; Algeria: Biskra, 25.v.1948, leg. R.M. Naef (Luzern).

Hedychridium biskranum: Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Strumia et al., 2016b:52 (Fars); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:3 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Algeria (Linsenmaier, 1999), Türkiye (Strumia et al., 2016b).

Remarks. The identification of Hedychridium biskranum is considered doubtful and the recorded specimens may refer to another species of the H. roseum species-group based on biogeographical data. At the moment, Hedychridium biskranum is known with certainty only on the holotype, collected in Biskra (Algeria) (Rosa et al., 2022). The identification was based on Linsenmaier’s (1999) key for the Chrysididae of Northern Africa, without type examination. However, the species concept is unclear because H. biskranum belongs to the most complicated species-group in the genus Hedychridium, and its description is challenging as it is based on variable diagnostic characters. Strumia et al. (2016b) reported the discovery of an additional two specimens of H. biskranum collected in Türkiye. However, no further details such as descriptions, illustrations, or images were provided to substantiate their identification. We suppose that the specimens examined may belong to one of the other species recently described by Arens (2010) for Anatolia, and therefore not keyed in Linsenmaier (1999), or to a Central Asian species described by Semenov-Tian-Shanskij (Rosa et al., 2017a). Strumia did not consider Semenov’s publications (Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015) and Arens’ work (2010).

Hedychridium bytinskii Linsenmaier, 1959 (Fig. 1A–F)

Hedychridium bytinskii Linsenmaier, 1959a:53. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Bet Lid (NMLU).

Material examined. 1♀, IRAN (Zanğān) 1660m., SW of Sorkhed Dizaj, 36°47'42"N, 48°52'15"E, 2.vi.2011, leg. D. Baiocchi (PRC).

Distribution. *Iran (Zanjan). Greece, Palestine, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Hedychridium coriaceum (Dahlbom, 1854)

Hedychrum coriaceum Dahlbom, 1854:88. Lectotype ♀ designated by Morgan, 1984:10; Poland: Glogovia (Lund).

Hedychridium coriaceum: Strumia et al., 2016b:52 (Khuzestan, Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Khuzestan, Fars). West Palaearctic, known from Europe and Türkiye, with a subspecies in Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Hedychridium davydovi (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967)

Zarudnidium davydovi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:111. Holotype ♂; Palestine: Wadi-Kumera (St. Petersburg).

Hedychridium moricei davydovi: Rosa et al., 2013:6 (East-Azarbaijan).

Hedychridium moricei chrysurum Linsenmaier, 1969:373; Strumia et al., 2016b:55 (Fars); Farzaneh et al., 2017:895 (Fars).

Holopyga chrysonota appliata Linsenmaier, 1959a:186; Iranmanesh et al., 2017:298 (Kerman), 301 (fig. 3G).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Kerman). Palestine (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967).

Figure 1. Hedychridium bytinskii Linsenmaier, 1959, female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Metanotum, scutellum, propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Hedychridium dzhanelidzei Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Hedychridium (Hedychridium) dzhanelidzei Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:128. Holotype ♀; Georgia: Tbilisi (St. Petersburg).

Hedychridium dzhanelidzei: Rosa et al., 2013:5 (East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). Georgia (Rosa et al., 2017a).

Hedychridium erschovi (Radoszkowski, 1877)

Hedychrum erschovi Radoszkowski, 1877:6. Syntypes ♀♀ [not ♂♂]; Uzbekistan: Zarafshan valley & Fergana (Moscow).

Euchrum turanum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij [in Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya], 1954:103. Holotype ♂; Kazakhstan: Djulek Syr-Darja Geb.[iet], 12.VI.1912, leg. L. Wollmann (St. Petersburg) [Iran is given in the type series, without precise locality].

Hedychridium chloropygum var. caputaureum Trautmann & Trautmann, 1919:32; Rosa et al., 2013:5.

Distribution. Iran (without locality). Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Turkmenia, Uzbekistan (Rosa et al., 2017a).

Remarks. Kimsey & Bohart (1991) synonymised Hedychridium erschovi (Radoszkowski, 1877) and Hedychridium turanum (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954) with Hedychridium roseum (Rossi, 1790). The first was revalidated by Rosa et al. (2015a) and the second was considered conspecific with H. erschovi by Rosa et al. (2017a). In the previous checklist of Iran, H. turanum was considered a synonym of H. caputaureum following the interpretation of Linsenmaier (1968).

Hedychridium femoratum (Dahlbom, 1854)

Hedychrum femoratum Dahlbom, 1854:90. Holotype ♀; Austria (Vienna) (ardens group).

Hedychridium femoratum: Farhad et al., 2016b:4 (Hormozgan), 5 (fig. 4); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:3 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Hormozgan). Central and Southern Europe (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1987), Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Hedychridium feritatum Linsenmaier, 1959

Hedychridium aheneum feritatum Linsenmaier, 1959b:235. Holotype ♂; Palestine (Luzern).

Hedychridium aheneum (Dahlbom, 1854): Torabipour et al., 2013a:5 (East-Azarbaijan); Ebrahimi, 2015:56 (East-Azarbaijan); Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars). Strumia et al., 2016b:52 (Fars).

Hedychridium feritatum: Rosa, 2020:462 (Mazandaran), 473 (figs 1, 3, 5).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Mazandaran). Palestine (Linsenmaier, 1959b).

Hedychridium flos (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954)

Cyrteuchrum flos Semenov-Tian-Shanskij [in Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya], 1954:105. Holotype ♀; Kazakhstan: Imam-baba, 25.V.1912, leg. W. Koshantschikoff (St. Petersburg).

Cyrteuchrum redikortzevi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:135. Holotype ♀; Iran: Gorgan [former Astrabad], 9–12.viii. 1912 (ZIN).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan). Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Rosa et al., 2017a).

Remarks. The specimen listed by Rosa et al. (2013) in “material examined” was misidentified and belongs to the species herein described as Hedychridium personatum Rosa, sp. nov. (see below).

Hedychridium hofferi Balthasar, 1953

Hedychridium hofferi Balthasar, 1953:139. Holotype ♀; Jordan: Wadi el Kelt (Prague).

Hedychridium hofferi: Linsenmaier, 1959a:61 (Palestine).

Hedychridium hofferi: Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:3 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Palestine (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Hedychridium jucundum (Mocsáry, 1889)

Holopyga (Hedychridium) iucunda Mocsáry, 1889:150. Syntypes ♂, ♀; Hungary; Austria (Budapest) (ardens group).

Holopyga (Hedychridium) jucundum: Dalla Torre, 1892:27. Incorrect subsequent spelling in current use.

Hedychridium jucundum: Móczár, 1964:446. Lectotype designation: ♀; Hungary [not France]: Isaszeg (Budapest).

Hedychridium jucundum: Strumia et al., 2016b:53 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Euroasiatic, from Southern and Central Europe (Linsenmaier, 1959a) to Russia and Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Hedychridium meda (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954)

Psacas meda Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954:145. Holotypus ♂; Iran: Luristan [currently Khuzestan], near Akhvaz, upstream of Karun River (St. Petersburg).

Hedychridium meda: Rosa et al., 2013:5 (Khuzestan).

Distribution. Iran (Khuzestan).

Hedychridium miramae Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Hedychridium miramae Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:128. Holotype ♀; Iran: Nerduali, Meshkhed (St. Petersburg).

Hedychridium miramae: Rosa et al., 2013:6 (Khorasan-e Razavi); Farhad et al., 2016b:5 (Hormozgan).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan, Khorasan-e Razavi).

Hedychridium mochii Strumia, 1994 (Fig. 2A–F)

Hedychridium mochii Strumia, 1994:155. Holotype ♀; Myanmar: Rangoon, 24.ii.1972, leg. A. Mochi (Turin).

Material examined. 1♀, Kermanshah Province: Bar Aftar, 3.iv.2011, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC).

Distribution. *Iran (Kermanshah). Myanmar (Strumia, 1994).

Remarks. Hedychridium mochii was known only from the holotype collected in Myanmar. The type was examined in Turin and matches the Iranian specimen for its outstanding diagnostic characters, such as the arched median vein of the anterior wing (straight in Hedychridium monochroum du Buysson, 1888), the length of the second tarsus of the posterior leg, much shorter than the third (as long as the third in H. monochroum); the mesosomal punctation with large and deep punctures when compared to the similar Hedychridium monochroum. The species is very likely distributed in all countries between Iran and Myanmar, as in the case of H. monochroum, but has never been recorded before for its small dimensions and probably for its unknown ecology and biology.

Hedychridium modestum du Buysson, 1900

Hedychridium modestum du Buysson, 1900:129. Lectotype ♂ designated by Kimsey in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:199; Egypt: Elephantine (Paris).

Hedychridium modestum: Strumia et al., 2016b:53 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Egypt, Palestine (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Hedychridium monochroum du Buysson, 1888

Hedychridium monochroum du Buysson, 1888:3. Holotype ♀; France: Marseille (Paris?) (monochroum group).

Hedychridium monochroum: Strumia et al., 2016b:53 (Fars); Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Farzaneh et al., 2017:495 (Fars).

Hedychridium monochroum farsensis Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2016:53 (Fars). Holotype ♀; Iran: Fars Province, Kheramh, 29°30'42''N, 53°18'55''E, 25.vi.2013, leg. E. Izadi (Pisa), syn. nov. Iranmanesh et al., 2017:297 (Kerman); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:3 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Kerman). Trans-Palaearctic from Europe to Armenia, Southern Caucasus, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and the Oriental Region (Rosa et al., 2017a).

Remarks. Hedychridium monochroum is well known for being a chromatically variable species (Martynova, 2017), which is widespread and distributed from Western Europe to the Oriental region (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991). The finding of a sympatric subspecies, H. monochroum farsensis, in the same localities of H. monochroum monochroum arises some doubts on the real status of this taxon, considering that the very short description of farsensis is based solely on colouration. Waiting for molecular analysis and a morphological re-evaluation of H. m. farsensis, we consider it as one of the colour variations and therefore a synonym of H. monochroum.

Figure 2. Hedychridium mochii Strumia, 1994, female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, posterior view; F. Metasoma, dorsal view.

Hedychridium moricei du Buysson, 1904

Hedychridium moricei du Buysson, 1904:256. Holotype ♂; Greece: Zakinthos (Oxford).

Hedychridium moricei: Strumia et al., 2016b:55 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars) (Strumia et al., 2016b). Southern Europe, Azerbaijan, Caucasus, Türkiye and the Middle East (Rosa et al., 2013).

Hedychridium mysticum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912

Hedychridium mysticum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912:177. Holotype ♂; Iran: Bampur (St. Petersburg).

Hedychridium mysticum: Rosa et al., 2013:6 (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Distribution. Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan). India (Rosa & Halada, 2021).

Hedychridium palestinense Balthasar, 1953

Hedychridium sculpturatum var. palestinense Balthasar, 1953:145. Syntypes ♂, ♀; Palestine: Jerusalem (Prague).

Hedychridium maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959a:63. Unnecessary replacement name for H. palestinense Balthasar, 1953.

Hedychridium palestinense: Rosa et al., 2013:6 (Qazvin, Markazi); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:4 (Fars).

Hedychridium maculisternum: Arens, 2011:316 (replacement name for Hedychridium maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959): Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:17 (Fars); Strumia et al., 2016b:53 (Fars); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:297 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Kerman, Markazi, Qazvin). Armenia, Palestine (Balthasar, 1953); Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan (Linsenmaier, 1997).

Remarks. The name Hedychridium palestinense Balthasar, 1953 is the valid name for this taxon (Arens, 2010). The replacement name Hedychridium maculisternum Arens, 2011 was given to replace the name of Hedychridium maculiventre Linsenmaier, 1959 proposed for a Balkan species, which is not present in Iran.

Hedychridium personatum Rosa, sp. nov. (Figs 3A–F, 4A–D)

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9661EA3C-E56F-4233-A272-81ED779BE9EC

Material examined. Holotype ♀; IRAN, Hormozgan province: Bandar Abbas, Zakin, 27°28'53"N, 56°18'27"E, 680 m, 23.V.2011, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC).

Diagnosis. Hedychridium personatum sp. nov. belongs to a new species-group characterised by the combination of the following characters, such as (in order of importance): metapectal-propodeal complex with a unique structure of the metapostnotum, the median area delimited by metanotum and the metapostnotal-propodeal suture, strongly raised and angulate, mask-shaped (Fig. 3F); third tergum with swollen apical margin (Fig. 4C), as in the genus Hedychrum Latreille; apex of clypeus medially with wide, brown, triangular truncation, laterally with two yellowish-hyaline substraight expansions (Figs 3B, C); elongate pedicel (l/w = 3.1) and first flagellomere (l/w = 4.7) (Fig. 3B). The following diagnostic characters are shared with one or more species-groups, but in different combinations: head transversal (Fig. 3B) (l/w = 1.8, measured from anterior ocellus to anterior clypeal margin/the widest eye distance); scapal basin narrow, transversely deeply striate (Fig. 3B); metaleg with second tarsomere elongate, as long as third tarsomere; antennae light brown with scape weakly metallic (Fig. 3B); legs with femur and tarsi yellowish; costal vein, stigma, medial vein + cubitus medio-distally dark brown, other veins light brownish (Figs 3A, F).

Description. ¾ Holotype ♀ (Figs 3A–F, 4A–D). Body length 4.1 mm, wing length 3.1 mm (Fig. 3A).

Head. Head transversal (Fig. 3B) (l/w = 1.8, measured from anterior ocellus to anterior clypeal margin/the widest eye distance); vertex, ocellar area, brow between anterior ocellus and scapal basin with shallow and small punctures (0.1–0.3× MOD), denser towards compound eye and between scapal basin and eye, with dense punctures until malar space; area between brow apically and on upper margin of scapal basin dotted, without large punctures; scapal basin with median area transversely deeply striate (2.4× MOD), laterally micropunctate (Fig. 3B), each puncture bringing short white seta; punctation from posterior ocelli to temples scattered, with wide impunctate area postero-laterad posterior ocelli; fovea adjacent to posterior ocellus deep and elongate, as long as ocellus (Fig. 3C); posterior ocelli connected by thin line; subantennal space short, 0.7× MOD; apex of clypeus medially with wide, brown, triangular truncation, laterally with two yellowish-hyaline substraight expansions; clypeus largely polished or with scattered dots. Distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of scapal basin = 2.0× MOD. OOL 1.4× MOD; POL 1.5× MOD; MS 1.0× MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.2:0.7:0.7.

Figure 3. Hedychridium personatum Rosa, sp. nov., female, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, dorsal view; E. Mesosoma, lateral view; F. Mesosoma, postero-lateral view.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal furrow shallow, as median, wide antero-depression; pronotum with small punctures (0.2–0.3× MOD), from contiguous to largely separated by 1 puncture diameter, with transversally weakly wrinkled interspaces medially; punctation on mesonotum similar, with small to medium punctures up to 0.5× MOD distinctly separated; weakly wrinkled interspaces on mesoscutum

Figure 4. Hedychridium personatum Rosa, sp. nov., female, holotype. A. Mesoleg, lateral view; B. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; C. Metasoma, posterior view; D. Metasoma, ventral view.

and weakly rugose on scutellum; notauli formed by deep, metallic, sub-rectangular foveae, as large as largest punctures on mesoscutum; parapsidal signum deep and distinct; mesoscutellum antero-medially largely polished; scutellar-metanotal suture deep, elongate and almost overposed and continuing the mesoscutal-scutellar suture; posterior propodeal projections straight angled, blunt; mesopleuron without sulci, with large punctures contiguous along margins. Radial 1 vein short and as long as Radial 2 vein; Radial 2 continues towards wing margin as thin vein; medial vein gently arched.

Metasoma. Frontal declivity straight, without depressions; first tergum with even, dense, contiguous, and small punctures; second tergum with small and dense punctures on basal half, becoming smaller and scattered on second half, whereas along margins punctures are larger and denser (Fig. 4B); third tergum with very small, aligned punctures on basal half, becoming larger and denser towards apical margin; apical margin swollen before extended, dark hyaline marginal rim (Fig. 4C); second sternum fully green metallic on second half, with small, dense puncture.

Colouration. Body entirely green metallic; antennae light brown with scape weakly metallic (Fig. 3B); tegula brown, non-metallic; legs with femur and tarsi yellowish; costal vein, stigma, medial vein + cubitus medio-distally dark brown, other veins light brownish (Fig. 3A–F).

Vestiture. Head and mesosoma with short, dense greyish to whitish setae as long as 1× MOD; metasoma laterally with longer, erect setae (1.5× MOD).

Male. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific epithet personatum derives from the Latin adjective personatus (masked) and refers to the mask-shaped metapostnotum, strongly raised and angulate, which is the modified structure of metapectal-propodeal complex characterizing this self-standing species-group.

Distribution. *Iran (Hormozgan).

Remarks. The newly described Hedychridium personatum species-group can be immediately separated from other groups by the shape of the metapectal-propodeal complex, which is a key character. Only another species-group within Hedychridium, namely the plagiatum group, has a highly modified metapectal-propodeal complex not conform to the type species of the genus Hedychridium. It was already observed that the plagiatum group is the most basal of all the Elampini genera, based on multigene molecular analyses (Pauli et al., 2019) and we expect that also the personatum group can be considered as a monophyletic group. The classification of the genus Hedychridium requires major revision, including the revalidation of Semenov-Tian-Shanskij’s (1954) genera, currently placed in the synonymy of Hedychridium by Linsenmaier (1968) and Kimsey & Bohart (1991). The structure of the metapectal-propodeal complex was always neglected in the study of Chrysididae, but it is a key character, as in the sister family of Bethylidae (Kawada et al., 2015; Lanes et al., 2020), based on morphological examination of all the Old World species-groups.

Hedychridium plagiatum (Mocsáry, 1883) (Fig. 5A–D)

Hedychrum plagiatum Mocsáry, 1883:14. Holotype ♂; Türkiye: Brussa [= Bursa] (Budapest).

Material examined. 1♀, Fars, E of Khomer Kuh-e Barm Firuz, 2730 m, 30°26'31''N, 51°54'13''E, 15.v.2013, leg. D. Baiocchi (PRC).

Distribution. *Iran (Fars). South-eastern Europe to Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Hedychridium smaragdinum (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954)

Homaleuchrum smaragdinum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954:143. Holotype ♂; Iran: Bampur, 27.IV.1901, N. Zarudnij (St. Petersburg).

Hedychridium smaragdinum: Rosa et al., 2013:6 (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Distribution. Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Hedychridium subaheneum Linsenmaier, 1959

Hedychridium (Hedychridium) incrassatum ssp. subaheneum Linsenmaier, 1959a:55. Holotype ♀; Morocco: Tafraout (Lausanne).

Hedychridium (Hedychridium) subaheneum: Linsenmaier, 1999:76 (incrassatum group).

Hedychridium subaheneum: Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Strumia et al., 2016b:56 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Morocco and Palestine (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Remarks. Iranian records need confirmation.

Hedychridium verhoeffi Linsenmaier, 1959

Hedychridium (Hedychridium) verhoeffi Linsenmaier, 1959a:50. Holotype ♂; Greece: Corfu lsI. (Luzern).

Hedychridium verhoeffi: Farhad et al., 2016b:2 (Hormozgan), 4 (fig. 3).

Material examined. 1♂, Tehran, 10 km N of Ziaran, 36°07'00"N, 50°39'25"E, 2100m, 4.vi.2012, leg. D. Baiocchi (PRC).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan, Tehran). Greece, Rhodes Is., Palestine, Türkiye; Egypt (Linsenmaier, 1968, 1987).

Figure 5. Hedychridium plagiatum (Mocsáry, 1883), female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Metasoma, dorsal view.

Hedychridium virescens (du Buysson, 1908)

Hedychridium aheneum var. virescens du Buysson, 1908a:23. Lectotype ♂ designated by Strumia, 2004:482. Egypt: El Marg (Ezbet El Nahl) (Paris).

Hedychridium (Hedychridium) virescens: Linsenmaier, 1968:34.

Hedychridium virescens: Farhad et al., 2016b:2 (diag., Hormozgan), 3 (fig. 2).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Hormozgan). Palestine, Saudi Arabia; Northern Africa: Egypt, Tunisia, with a subspecies in Algeria (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Genus Hedychrum Latreille, 1802

Hedychrum Latreille, 1802:317. Type species: Chrysis lucidula Fabricius, 1775 (= Sphex nobilis Scopoli, 1763 [= Hedychrum nobile (Scopoli, 1763)]), by monotypy.

Hedychrum aureicolle Mocsáry, 1889

Hedychrum aureicolle Mocsáry, 1889:168. Lectotype ♀ designated by Móczár, 1964:440; Greece: Rhodes (Budapest).

Hedychrum aureicolle: Torabipour et al., 2013a:7; Ebrahimi, 2015:60 (Ardabil).

Hedychrum aureicolle: Rosa et al., 2013:6 (Gilan).

Distribution. Iran (Ardabil, Gilan). Caucasus, Cyprus, Greece, Palestine, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968).

Hedychrum azrael Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Hedychrum azrael Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:141. Holotype ♀; Iran: Khuzestan (St. Petersburg).

Hedychrum azrael: Rosa et al., 2013:7 (Khuzestan).

Material examined. 1♂, Kurdistan province: Paniran, 35°01'19.2"N, 46°59'06"E, 1430m, 15.v.2016, leg. M. Kafka (MHC).

Distribution. Iran (Khuzestan, Kurdistan).

Hedychrum caucasicum Mocsáry, 1889

Hedychrum virens var. caucasicum Mocsáry, 1889:171. Holotype ♂; Azerbaijan: Helenendorf [= Goygol] (Vienna).

Hedychrum virens caucasicum: Rosa et al., 2013:8 (East-Azarbaijan).

Hedychrum caucasicum: Rosa, 2018a:9.

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). Caucasus (Rosa, 2018a).

Hedychrum concinnum (Mocsáry, 1909)

Wollmannia concinna Mocsáry, 1909:2. Holotype ♂; Kazakhstan: Baigakum, Djulek (Budapest).

Material examined. 2♂♂, Golestan province: 70 km E Minudasht, 37°15'36"N, 55°59'24"E, 1050m, 12.vi.2010, leg. Mi. Halada (MHC).

Distribution. *Iran (Golestan). Central Asia: Kazakhstan (Mocsáry, 1909).

Hedychrum frivaldszkyi Mocsáry, 1889

Hedychrum frivaldszkyi Mocsáry, 1889:164. Holotype ♂; Turkmenistan: Kranowodsk [= Türkmenbaşy] (Budapest).

Hedychrum frivaldskyi: Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:214. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Hedychrum frivaldszkyi: Rosa et al., 2013:7 (Golestan).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan). Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (Rosa, 2019).

Hedychrum gerstaeckeri Chevrier, 1869

Hedychrum gerstaeckeri Chevrier, 1869:47. Syntypes ♂♂, ♀♀ [not holotype]; Switzerland (Geneva).

Hedychrum gerstaeckeri: Rosa et al., 2013:7 (Golestan, Gilan, Qazvin, Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan, Gilan, Qazvin, Mazandaran). Euroasiatic and Oriental, from Western Europe to Far East Russia, Japan, China and Taiwan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Hedychrum hyrcanum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Hedychrum hyrcanum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:137. Holotype ♀; Iran: Astrabad [currently Gorgan], leg. A. Kiritshenko (St. Petersburg).

Hedychrum hyrcanum: Rosa et al., 2013:7 (Golestan).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan).

Hedychrum longicolle Abeille de Perrin, 1877

Hedychrum longicolle Abeille de Perrin, 1877:65. Lectotype ♀ designated by Kimsey, 1986; France: Marseille (Paris).

Hedychrum longicolle: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:17 (Fars); Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Strumia et al., 2016b:56 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Palaearctic, from Southern Europe and Northern Africa to Western Asia, Siberia and China (Rosa et al., 2013).

Hedychrum luculentum Förster, 1853

Hedychrum luculentum Förster, 1853:343. Syntypes ♂♂; Italy; Crete (Budapest).

Hedychrum luculentum: Rosa et al., 2013:7 (Persia).

Distribution. Iran (Linsenmaier, 1959a). East Mediterranean, Crete, Türkiye; Middle East (Rosa et al., 2013).

Hedychrum mavromoustakisi Trautmann, 1929 (Figs 16B, 16E)

Hedychrum mavromoustakisi Trautmann, 1929:57. Holotype ♂; Cyprus: Limassol (Berlin).

Hedychrum mavromoustakisi: Rosa et al., 2013:8 (Fars, Mazandaran); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:4 (Fars); Rosa, 2020:463 (Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Mazandaran). South-eastern Europe, Cyprus, Palestine, Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Hedychrum menzbieri Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Hedychrum menzbieri Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:143. Holotype ♀; Iran: Luristan, 28.vi.1904, N. Zarudny (St. Petersburg).

Hedychrum menzbieri: Rosa et al., 2013:8 (Lorestan).

Distribution. Iran (Lorestan).

Hedychrum niemelai Linsenmaier, 1959

Hedychrum aureicolle ssp. niemeläi Linsenmaier, 1959a:38. Holotype ♀; Switzerland: Wallis (Luzern).

Hedychrum niemelai: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:17 (Golestan, Khorasan-e Razavi).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan, Khorasan-e Razavi). Euroasiatic, from Europe to China (Rosa et al., 2013).

Hedychrum nobile (Scopoli, 1763)

Sphex nobile Scopoli, 1763:297. Holotype ♀; Italy [not Austria] (lost).

Hedychrum nobile: Rosa et al., 2013:8 (Persia).

Distribution. Iran (Radoszkowski, 1889). Palaearctic from Europe to Siberia; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Hedychrum persicum Mocsáry, 1914 stat. nov. (Figs 6A–F, 7A)

Hedychrum rutilans var. persicum Mocsáry, 1914:11. Holotype ♂; "Persia meridionali-occidentalis" [SW Iran] (London).

Hedychrum rutilans: Rosa et al., 2013:8 (South-eastern Persia).

Material examined. 1♂, Golestan province: 20km E of Minudasht, 37°13'12"N, 55°34'12"E, 750m, 1.vi.2014, leg. J. Halada (MHC); 3♂♂, 1♀, Mazandaran province: 10 km S Chaloos, 36°30'00"N, 51°19'48"E, 380m, 15.vi.2010, leg. Mi. Halada (MHC).

Distribution. Iran (Mocsáry, 1914, Golestan, Mazandaran).

Remarks. Hedychrum persicum was traditionally considered as a variety of Hedychrum rutilans (Linsenmaier, 1959a). However, the recent examination of the type has allowed us to better understand the real taxonomic position of this species. Hedychrum persicum is clearly separate from H. rutilans and H. viridiauratum by the combination of the following diagnostic characters; body sculpture deep, larger and spaced; head profile rounded (Fig. 6B) instead of triangular; body colour distinctly green, without red or golden areas (Fig. 6A). This species can be immediately separated by all the other taxa related to H. rutilans by its unique punctation, which is deeper, larger and more spaced (Figs 6D, F, 7A) compared to H. rutilans from Europe and the other two closer taxa known from Middle East, H. rutilans viridiauratum Mocsáry, 1889 (Fig. 7B) and H. rutilans veterrimum Mocsáry, 1914 (Fig. 7C), with fine and dense punctation, well visible on metasomal terga. A recent molecular study (Rosa et al., 2023b) revealed that the genetic distance between the two Western European subspecies of H. rutilans, namely rutilans s. str. and viridaureum Tournier, 1877, was sufficient to consider them as separate species (> 5%), probably related to different host selection in their southern distributional range. We expect that further molecular analyses on all the varieties and subspecies of H. rutilans will provide similar results.

Figure 6. Hedychrum persicum Mocsáry, 1914, holotype, female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Metasoma, dorsal view; E. Metasoma, posterior view;
F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Figure 7. Metasoma, dorsal view. A. Hedychrum persicum Mocsáry, 1914, holotype, female; B. Hedychrum rutilans var. viridiauratum Mocsáry, 1889, syntype, male; C. Hedychrum rutilans var. veterrimum Mocsáry, 1914, lectotype, male.

Hedychrum semicyaneum Mocsáry, 1889

Hedychrum semicyaneum Mocsáry, 1889:168. Holotype ♀; Uzbekistan: Tashkent (Budapest).

Material examined. 2♂♂, 3♀♀, Kerman province: Bardsir, 29°57'00"N, 56°34'48"E, 2050m, 6.vi.2010, leg. Mi. Halada (MHC).

Distribution. *Iran (Kerman). Central Asia: Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954).

Genus Holopyga Dahlbom, 1845

Holopyga Dahlbom, 1845:4. Type species: Holopyga amoenula Dahlbom, 1845, by subsequent designation of Ashmead, 1902.

Holopyga amoenula oriensa Linsenmaier, 1959

Holopyga amoenula oriensa Linsenmaier, 1959a:31. Holotype ♂; Türkiye: Konya prov.: Akşehir (Luzern).

Holopyga amoenula oriensa: Rosa et al., 2013:9 (Qazvin, Alborz); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:17 (Fars): Farhad et al., 2017:878 (Mazandaran); Rosa, 2020:463 (Kordestan).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Fars, Kordestan, Mazandaran, Qazvin). West-Palaearctic from south-eastern Europe to the Middle East (Rosa et al., 2013).

Holopyga arabica Linsenmaier, 1994

Holopyga arabica Linsenmaier, 1994:155. Holotype ♀; Saudi Arabia: Riyad, 15.x.1958, leg. Diehl (Luzern).

Holopyga arabica: Farhad et al., 2016b:5–6 (Hormozgan), 6 (fig. 5); Farhad et al., 2017:878 (Hormozgan).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan). Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Yemen (Rosa et al., 2020a).

Holopyga assecula Linsenmaier, 1999

Holopyga assecula Linsenmaier, 1999:39. Holotype ♀; Egypt: Cairo: El Giza, v.1988, leg. Sidler (Luzern).

Holopyga assecula: Strumia et al., 2016b:56 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Egypt (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Holopyga beaumonti Balthasar, 1953

Holopyga beaumonti Balthasar, 1953:131. Syntypes ♂♀; Palestine: Jordan Valley (Prague).

Holopyga beaumonti: Farhad et al., 2017:878 (Hormozgan), 879 (fig. 1).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan). Türkiye, Jordan, Palestine; Egypt, Eritrea; Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., Yemen (Strumia, 2014).

Holopyga bifigurata Linsenmaier, 1968

Holopyga bifigurata Linsenmaier, 1968:18. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Tel Aviv (Luzern) (examined).

Holopyga bifigurata: Rosa et al., 2013:9 (East-Azarbaijan); Farhad et al., 2017:879.

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). Palestine, Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Holopyga caucasica Mocsáry, 1889

Holopyga (Holopyga) gloriosa var. caucasica Mocsáry, 1889:131. Neotype designated by Rosa et al., 2020b:117: ♀; Azerbaijan: Ganja (Vienna).

Holopyga (Holopyga) gloriosa var. caucasica = Holopyga amoenula Dahlbom, 1845: Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:229.

Holopyga inflammata caucasica: Rosa et al., 2013:10 (Qazvin); Farhad et al., 2017:88.

Holopyga caucasica: Rosa et al., 2020b:117. Upgraded to species rank.

Distribution. Iran (Qazvin). Caucasus, Cyprus, Palestine, and Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Holopyga chrysonota (Förster, 1853)

Ellampus chrysonotus Förster, 1853:347. Holotype ♀; Hungary (Berlin).

Holopyga ovata var. h Dahlbom, 1854:53. Syntypes ♂♂, ♀♀ [not holotype]; Austria; Greece: Rhodes Is. (Vienna, Berlin).

Holopyga ignicollis Eversmann, 1858:549. Lectotype ♀ designated by Rosa et al., 2020b:100. Russia: “campis Orenburgensibus et in promontor Uralensib.” (Krakow).

Holopyga ignicollis Dahlbom, 1854 sensu auctorum (see Rosa et al., 2020b); Farzaneh et al., 2017:496 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2017:881 (Alborz, Hormozgan, Kerman, Mazandaran), 882 (fig. 3); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:4 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Hormozgan, Kerman, Mazandaran). West-Palaearctic, from Western Europe to Central Asia; Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Remarks. Holopyga similis was synonymised by Bischoff (1913) with H. chrysonota (Förster, 1853). Rosa et al. (2020b) pointed out that H. chrysonota is a different species and H. similis is the first available name for H. chrysonota sensu Linsenmaier (1959a, 1968, 1987, 1997, 1999). Dahlbom’s (1854) name H. ignicollis [actually given as var. h] is invalid. Eversmann (1858:549) was the first author to treat “var. ignicollis Klug” (the name given by Dahlbom (1854) to one of the specimens examined in Berlin) as a valid subspecific name, thus making the name available as a species-group name (ICZN, 1999: Article 45.6). As a consequence, Eversmann (1858) is the author of the species (Rosa et al., 2020b).

Holopyga cypruscula detrita Linsenmaier, 1959

Holopyga cypruscula ssp. detrita Linsenmaier, 1959a:34. Holotype ♂; Iran: Kamal Abad (paratype from Qazvin) (Luzern).

Holopyga cypruscula detrita: Torabipour et al., 2013a:8 ([East-] Azarbaijan); Ebrahimi, 2015:61 ([East-] Azarbaijan); Rosa et al., 2013:10 (Alborz, East-Azarbaijan, Qazvin, Mazandaran); Farzaneh et al., 2017:496 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2017:879 (Alborz, Hormozgan); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:298 (Kerman); Rosa, 2020:463 (Mazandaran).

Holopyga cypruscula: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:18 (Kordestan).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Hormozgan, Kerman, Kordestan, Qazvin, Mazandaran). Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Remarks. Strumia & Fallahzadeh (2015) listed Holopyga cypruscula without subspecific rank. In the distributional range of this species, they listed “Türkiye, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Iran (Linsenmaier, 1959a)”. Actually, only Cyprus is given by Linsenmaier (1959a) as a locality of H. cypruscula. For other localities, Linsenmaier (1959a, 1987) described other two subspecies, not mentioned by Strumia & Fallahzadeh (2015). We temporarily place this record under H. cypruscula detrita waiting for another examination of the studied material.

Holopyga cypruscula turca Linsenmaier, 1987

Holopyga cypruscula ssp. turca Linsenmaier, 1987:136. Holotype ♀; Türkiye: Şanlıurfa prov.: Urfa [=Şanlıurfa] (Luzern).

Holopyga cypruscula turca: Rosa et al., 2013:10 (Tehran); Strumia et al., 2016b:56 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2017:880.

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Tehran). Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1987).

Holopyga fascialis Linsenmaier, 1959

Holopyga fascialis Linsenmaier, 1959a:28. Holotype ♂; Palestine: Beersheba (Luzern).

Holopyga fascialis: Strumia et al., 2016b:56 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2017:880 (Hormozgan), 881 (fig. 2).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Palestine, Northern Africa: Morocco and Tunisia (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Holopyga fervida (Fabricius, 1781)

Chrysis fervida Fabricius, 1781:456. Neotype ♀ designated by Kimsey, 1988:272; Spain (Copenhagen).

Holopyga fervida: Rosa et al., 2013:10 (Qazvin); Farhad et al., 2016b:6 (Hormozgan); Farhad et al., 2017:880 (Hormogan); Rosa, 2020:463 (Gilan).

Holopyga fervid: Iranmanesh et al., 2017:298 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (Gilan, Hormozgan, Kerman, Qazvin). West-Palaearctic, from Europe to Southern Russia, the Middle East, Türkiye, and Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Holopyga generosa asiatica Trautmann, 1926

Holopyga gloriosa var. asiatica Trautmann, 1926:5. Holotype ♀; Türkiye [not Yugoslavia]: Smyrne [currently İzmir] (Berlin).

Holopyga ovata ssp. proviridis Linsenmaier, 1959a:31. Holotype ♂; Syria: Homs (Luzern).

Holopyga ovata var. asiatica Trautmann, 1926:5 = Holopyga amoenula Dahlbom, 1845; Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:229.

Holopyga fastuosa proviridis: Linsenmaier, 1999:36. Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:18 (Alborz, Fars); Farhad et al., 2017:880 (Alborz); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:299 (Kerman).

Holopyga proviridis: Rosa et al., 2013:11 (Iran).

Holopyga ovata proviridis Linsenmaier, 1959a:36 = Holopyga generosa asiatica Trautmann, 1926; Rosa et al., 2017e:9.

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Fars, Kerman). Euroasiatic from Southern Europe to Caucasus and China (Rosa et al., 2013).

Holopyga generosa generosa (Förster, 1853)

Ellampus generosus Förster, 1853:349. Holotype ♂; Germany: Aachen (Berlin).

Holopyga generosa: Torabipour et al., 2013a:8 (East-Azarbaijan); Ebrahimi, 2015:62 (East-Azarbaijan).

Holopyga fastuosa generosa: Farhad et al., 2017:880.

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). Euroasiatic, from Western Europe to China and Korea (Rosa et al., 2014).

Remarks. The name fastuosa generosa was given by Linsenmaier (1987) but all the modern authors used only “generosa” or “generosa generosa” for this taxon, considering “fastuosa” from North Africa a different species.

Holopyga inaurata Mocsáry, 1914

Holopyga mlokosiewitzi var. inaurata Mocsáry, 1914:3. Holotype ♂; Armenia: Yerevan (Budapest).

Holopyga inaurata: Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:5 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Armenia, Palestine, Türkiye; Northern Africa: Egypt (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Holopyga inflammata (Förster, 1853)

Ellampus inflammatus Förster, 1853:348. Syntypes ♂, ♀; Italy; Hungary (Berlin).

Holopyga inflammata: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:18 (Khorasan-e Razavi); Farhad et al., 2017:883 (diag., Alborz, fig. 4).

Holopyga inflammata inflammata: Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:4 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Fars, Khorasan-e Razavi). West-Palaearctic, from Europe and Northern Africa to Western Asia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Holopyga jurinei Chevrier, 1862

Holopyga jurinei Chevrier, 1862:95. Holotype ♂ [not ♀]; Switzerland (Geneva).

Holopyga jurinei: Farhad et al., 2017:884 (diag., Alborz, Qazvin, fig. 5); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:5 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Fars, Qazvin). West-Palaearctic, from Europe and Northern Africa to Caucasus, Russia, Türkiye and Western Asia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Holopyga kuthyana Mocsáry, 1911

Holopyga Kuthyana Mocsáry, 1911:446. Holotype ♀; Türkiye: Mersin prov.: Gülek, Taurus (Budapest).

Holopyga kuthyana: Rosa, 2020:463 (Mazandaran), 473 (fig. 6).

Distribution. Iran (Mazandaran). Türkiye (Mocsáry, 1911).

Holopyga minuma Linsenmaier, 1959

Holopyga minuma Linsenmaier, 1959a:31. Holotype ♀; Türkiye: Niğde prov.: Niğde (Luzern).

Holopyga minuma: Rosa et al., 2013:10 (Iran). Farhad et al., 2017:885; Rosa, 2020:463 (Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Mazandaran). South-eastern Europe, Russia, Middle East, Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Holopyga numidica (Lucas, 1849)

Hedychrum numidicum Lucas, 1849:311. Syntypes ♂♂; Algeria: Tonga Lake (Paris).

Holopyga numidica: Strumia et al., 2016b:56 (Fars); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:5 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Palestine; Northern Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Egypt (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Holopyga punctatissima Dahlbom, 1854

Holopyga punctatissima Dahlbom, 1854:50. Syntypes ♂♂, ♀ [not holotype]; Greece: Rhodes (Berlin).

Holopyga punctatissima: Torabipour et al., 2013a:8 (Fars); Rosa et al., 2013:11 (Kordestan, Qazvin); Ebrahimi, 2015:63 (Fars); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:18 (Fars); Strumia et al., 2016b:56 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2017:885 (Alborz, Hormozgan).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Fars, Hormozgan, Kordestan, Qazvin). South-eastern Europe, Caucasus, Türkiye; Northern Africa: Egypt (Rosa et al., 2013).

Holopyga similis discolor Linsenmaier, 1959

Holopyga chrysonota ssp. discolor Linsenmaier, 1959a:32. Holotype ♂; Morocco (Lausanne).

Holopyga chrysonota discolor: Rosa et al., 2013:9 (Alborz); Farhad et al., 2017:879.

Distribution. Iran (Alborz). Cyprus, Lebanon, Türkiye, Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Holopyga turkestanica Mocsáry, 1909

Holopyga punctatissima var. turkestanica Mocsáry, 1909:1. Lectotype ♂ designated by French in Bohart & French, 1986:341; Kazakhstan [not Turkmenistan]: Mt. Karatau (Budapest).

Holopyga punctatissima var. turkestanica = Holopyga amoenula Dahlbom, 1845; Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:229.

Holopyga crassepuncta Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954:110; Rosa et al., 2013:9 (East-Azarbaijan, Khorasan, Mazandaran). Farhad et al., 2017:879.

Holopyga crassepuncta Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954 = Holopyga turkestanica Mocsáry, 1909; Rosa et al., 2017e:111.

Holopyga turkestanica: Rosa et al., 2017e:110. Reinstated and upgraded to species level.

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Khorasan, Mazandaran). Kazakhstan (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954), Türkiye (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

Holopyga vicissituda Linsenmaier, 1994

Holopyga vicissituda Linsenmaier, 1994:155. Holotype ♀; Saudi Arabia: Al Jubail (Arabian Gulf), xi.1986, leg. Menrad (Luzern).

Holopyga vicissituda: Farhad et al., 2016b:6–7 (Hormozgan), 7 (fig. 6); Farhad et al., 2017:885 (Hormozgan).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan). Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman (Rosa et al., 2020a).

Holopyga vigora Linsenmaier, 1959

Holopyga vigora Linsenmaier, 1959a:31. Holotype ♂; Türkiye: Akschehir [not Nigde] (Luzern).

Holopyga vigora: Rosa et al., 2013:11 (Persia); Farhad et al., 2017:885.

Distribution. Iran. Bulgaria, Greece (Linsenmaier, 1968); Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Holopyga zarudniana Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Holopyga zarudniana Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:145. Holotype ♂; Iran: Mekran, near Kambil (St. Petersburg).

Holopyga zarduniana: Rosa et al., 2013:11 (Sistan & Baluchestan); Farhad et al., 2017:885 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Sistan & Baluchestan).

Genus Omalus Panzer, 1801

Omalus Panzer, 1801:13. Type species: Chrysis aenea Fabricius, 1787 [= Omalus aeneus (Fabricius, 1787)]. Monotypic. Farhad et al., 2018:193.

Omalus aeneus (Fabricius, 1787)

Chrysis aenea Fabricius, 1787:284. Holotype ♀; Germany: Hala Saxonum [= Halle] (Copenhagen).

Omalus aeneus: Strumia et al., 2016b (Fars); Farhad et al., 2016a (Mazandaran); Farzaneh et al., 2016, 2017:496 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2018:195 (key), 196 (Alborz, Golestan, Mazandaran), 194 (figs 1A, 2A), 195 (fig. 3A); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:5 (Fars); Rosa, 2020:463 (Golestan).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Fars, Golestan, Mazandaran). Widespread from the Holarctic Region (Bohart & Kimsey, 1982) to the Oriental Region (Rosa et al., 2014).

Omalus biaccinctus (du Buysson, 1892)

Ellampus biaccinctus du Buysson, 1892:152. Syntypes ♂, ♀; France (Paris).

Omalus biaccinctus: Rosa et al., 2013:11 (East-Azarbaijan); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:18 (Alborz, Lorestan); Farzaneh et al., 2017:496 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2018:195 (key), 196 (Alborz), 194 (fig. 1B), 195 (fig. 3B).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Lorestan). Europe, Iran, Syria, Türkiye; Central Asia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Omalus imbecillus (Mocsáry, 1889)

Ellampus (Ellampus) imbecillus Mocsáry, 1889:98. Lectotype ♀ designated by French in Bohart & French, 1986:341); Tadjikistan [not Turkmenistan]: Pendgikent [= Panjakent] (Budapest).

Omalus imbecillus: Torabipour et al., 2013a:9 (Khorasan-e Razavi); Rosa et al., 2013:12 (Persia); Ebrahimi, 2015:64 (Khorasan-e Razavi); Farhad et al., 2018:196 (key), 196 (Khorasan, Sistan and Baluchestan).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi, Sistan and Baluchestan). Türkiye, Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates; Central Asia: Tadjikistan (Rosa et al., 2014).

Omalus margianus (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932)

Ellampus margianus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932:15. Lectotype ♀ designated by Kimsey, 1986; Turkmenistan: Imam-baba, Mary (Merv) (St. Petersburg).

Omalus margianus: Rosa et al., 2013:12 (Sistan & Baluchestan); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:297 (Kerman); Farhad et al., 2018:194 (fig. 1C), 195 (fig. 3C), 196 (key, Fars, Hormozgan).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Hormozgan, Kerman, Sistan & Baluchestan). Central Asia: Turkmenistan (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

Omalus politus du Buysson, 1887

Omalus politus du Buysson, 1887:168. Lectotype ♀ designated by Kimsey in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:249; Lebanon: Beirut (Paris).

Omalus politus: Rosa et al., 2013:12 (Fars, Lorestan); Farhad et al., 2018:196 (key), 197 (Fars, Lorestan).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Lorestan). South-eastern Europe, Middle East; Central Asia, and Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1959a; Rosa et al., 2013).

Genus Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879

Philoctetes Abeille de Perrin, 1879:27. Type species: Holopyga cicatrix Abeille de Perrin, 1879 [= Philoctetes micans (Klug, 1835)], by subsequent designation of Ashmead, 1902:228. Farhad et al., 2018:197.

Philoctetes bidentulus (Lepeletier, 1806)

Hedychrum bidentulum Lepeletier, 1806:121. Neotype ♂ designated by Rosa & Xu, 2015:81; France: Loire-Atlantique department, Machecoul (Luzern).

Philoctetes bidentulus: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:19 (Lorestan); Farhad et al., 2018:197 (key), 198 (Lorestan).

Distribution. Iran (Lorestan). Palaearctic, from Europe to Western Asia and probably Siberia; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Remarks. The occurrence of Philoctetes bidentulus in Iran needs confirmation. Apparently, the very similar species Philoctetes kuznetzovi is common in the country and the identification of P. bidentulus may be related to this species.

Philoctetes bogdanovii (Radoszkowsky, 1877)

Holopyga bogdanovii Radoszkowsky, 1877:5. Holotype ♂; Uzbekistan: Zarafshan (Moscow).

Philoctetes bogdanovii: Rosa et al., 2013:12 (Lorestan); Farhad et al., 2018:194 (fig. 1D), 195 (fig. 3D), 197 (key), 198 (Alborz, Qazvin).

Material examined. 1♂, Tehran, 10 km N of Ziaran, 36°07'00''N, 50°39'25''E, 4.vi.2012, leg. D. Baiocchi (PRC); 1♀, Golestan, env. Dasht junction 970m, 37°18'47''N, 56°01'07''E, 21.v.2013, leg. D. Baiocchi (PRC).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Golestan, Lorestan, Qazvin, Tehran). Euroasiatic, from Southern Europe to Caucasus, Russia, and Western Asia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Philoctetes deflexus (Abeille de Perrin, 1878)

Holopyga deflexa Abeille de Perrin, 1878:2. Lectotype ♂ [not ♀] designated by Kimsey, 1986:109; Egypt (Paris).

Philoctetes deflexus: Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Strumia et al., 2016b:59 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2018:197 (key), 198 (Fars, fig. 4); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:5 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Palestine, Syria; Arabia Saudita, Yemen; Northern Africa: Egypt, Sudan (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Philoctetes horvathi (Mocsáry, 1889)

Ellampus wesmaeli Mocsáry, 1882:27. Syntypes ♂, ♀; Austria (Budapest), nom. praeocc., nec Chevrier, 1862.

Ellampus horváthi Mocsáry, 1889:82. Replacement name for Ellampus wesmaeli Mocsáry, 1882, nom. praeocc., nec Chevrier, 1862.

Philoctetes horvathi: Rosa et al., 2013:12 (Golestan); Farzaneh et al., 2017:497 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2018:197 (key, Golestan).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Golestan). Palaearctic: Central and Eastern Europe; Middle East; Far East to Mongolia, China and Korea; Northern Africa (Morocco) (Farhad et al., 2018).

Philoctetes kuznetzovi (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932)

Ellampus kuznetzovi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932:25. Lectotype ♂ designated by Kimsey, 1986; Georgia: Kodzhory Prov., Tiblisi (St. Petersburg).

Philoctetes kuznetzovi: Farhad et al., 2018:197 (key), 199 (Fars, Zanjan, Esfahan), 200 (fig. 5); Rosa, 2020:464 (Esfahan).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Zanjan, Esfahan). Caucasus (Rosa et al., 2013).

Philoctetes punctulatus (Dahlbom, 1854)

Omalus punctulatus Dahlbom, 1854:35. Syntypes ♀♀; France: Landes; Italy: Sicily (Lund).

Philoctetes punctulatus: Rosa et al., 2013:14 (Qazvin); Farhad et al., 2018:197 (key), 200 (Qazvin).

Distribution. Iran (Qazvin). West-Palaearctic, from South-western Europe to Western Asia; Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Philoctetes sareptanus (Mocsáry, 1889)

Ellampus sareptanus Mocsáry, 1889 83. Holotype ♂; Russia: Sarepta (Vienna).

Philoctetes sareptanus: Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:5 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Southern Russia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Philoctetes tarnanii (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932)

Ellampus tarnanii Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932:40. Lectotype ♂ designated by Kimsey, 1986; Uzbekistan: Termez (St. Petersburg).

Philoctetes tarnanii: Rosa et al., 2013:14; Farhad et al., 2018:194 (Alborz, figs 1E, 2B), 195 (fig. 3E), 197 (key); Rosa, 2020:464 (Esfahan).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Esfahan). Central Asia: Uzbekistan (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

Genus Pseudomalus Ashmead, 1902

Pseudomalus Ashmead, 1902:229. Type species: Omalus semicircularis Aaron, 1885 [= Pseudomalus janus (Haldeman, 1844)], by original designation. Farhad et al., 2018:201.

Pseudomalus auratus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Sphex aurata Linnaeus, 1758:572. Holotype ♀; Europe (London-Linnean Society).

Pseudomalus auratus: Rosa et al., 2013:13 (Lorestan); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:19 (Tehran); Farhad et al., 2018:201 (key, Lorestan); Rosa, 2020:464 (Kermanshah, Lorestan).

Distribution. Iran (Kermanshah, Lorestan, Tehran). Holarctic, from Europe and Northern Africa to Japan and accidentally introduced into North America (Bohart & Kimsey, 1982).

Pseudomalus bergi (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932)

Ellampus bergi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932:43. Holotype ♂; Kazakhstan: Dzhungar Alatau Mts., Kora River [near Tekeli] (St. Petersburg).

Pseudomalus bergi: Rosa et al., 2013:14 (East-Azarbaijan); Farhad et al., 2018:201 (key, East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). Caucasus; Central Asia: Kazakhstan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Pseudomalus turkestanicus (Mocsáry, 1889)

Ellampus (Ellampus) turkestanicus Mocsáry, 1889:101. Holotype [sex unknown]; Uzbekistan: Tashkent (Kraków).

Ellampus (Ellampus) masalskii Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932:47. Holotype ♂; Uzbekistan: Samarkand, Katty-kurgan (Moscow). Synonymised by Farhad et al., 2018:210.

Pseudomalus turkestanicus: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:19 (Alborz); Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Strumia et al., 2016b:59 (Fars); Farzaneh et al., 2017:497 (Fars); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:297 (Kerman). Farhad et al., 2018:194 (figs 1F, 2C), 195 (fig. 3F); Farhad et al., 2018:201 (key, Alborz, Fars, Gilan, Hormozgan, Mazandaran, Qazvin), 202 (fig. 6); Falahatpisheh et al., 2019:6 (Fars); Rosa, 2020:464 (Esfahan, Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Fars, Gilan, Hormozgan, Esfahan, Kerman, Mazandaran, Qazvin). Türkiye; Central Asia: Tajikistan, Uzbekistan (Rosa et al., 2017a; Farhad et al., 2018).

Pseudomalus violaceus (Scopoli, 1763)

Sphex violacea Scopoli, 1763:298. Type lost; Europe (depository unknown).

Pseudomalus violaceus: Samin et al., 2014:123 (Mazandaran); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:19 (Kordestan); Farhad et al., 2018:201 (key), 204 (Khordestan, Mazandaran); Rosa, 2020:464 (Tehran).

Distribution. Iran (Kordestan, Mazandaran, Tehran). Euroasian, from Western Europe to the Russian Far East and China (Rosa et al., 2013).

Tribe Chrysidini Latreille, 1802

Genus Chrysidea Bischoff, 1913

Chrysidea Bischoff, 1913:34, repl. name for Chrysogona Mocsáry, 1882, nom. praeocc., nec Förster, 1853. Type species: Chrysis pumila Klug, 1845:tav. 45 [= Chrysidea pumila (Klug, 1845)], by original designation.

Chrysidea disclusa (Linsenmaier, 1959)

Chrysis (Chrysidea) pumila ssp. disclusa Linsenmaier, 1959a:171. Holotype ♂; Spain: Almeria (Luzern).

Chrysidea disclusa: Farzaneh et al., 2016:439 (Fars- Shiraz).

Distribution. *Iran (Fars). West Mediterranean Countries only (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1997, 1999).

Chrysidea pumila (Klug, 1845)

Chrysis pumila Klug, 1845. Neotype ♂ designated by Rosa & Xu, 2015:10; Egypt: Fayoum (Luzern).

Chrysidea pumila: Rosa et al., 2013:14 (East-Azarbaijan); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:19 (Fars); Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2016b:8 (Hormozgan); Farzaneh et al., 2017:497 (Fars); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:299 (Kerman); Rosa, 2020:465 (Gilan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Gilan, Hormozgan, Kerman). Palaearctic and Afrotropical (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991; Madl & Rosa, 2012).

Genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761

Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761:414. Type species: Sphex ignita Linnaeus, 1758, by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810:437.

Chrysogona Förster, 1853:327. Type species: Chysogona gracillima Förster, 1853 [= Chrysis gracillima (Förster, 1853)], by monotypy. Junior subjective synonym of Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 according to Kimsey & Bohart, 1991.

Dichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876:27. Type species: Chrysis bihamata Spinola, 1843 by subsequent designation of Bodenstein, 1939:126. Junior subjective synonym of Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 according to Linsenmaier, 1951.

Tetrachrysis Lichtenstein, 1876:27. Type species: Chrysis aeruginosa Dahlbom, 1854, by subsequent designation of Ashmead, 1902:226. Junior subjective synonym of Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 according to Linsenmaier, 1951.

Hexachrysis Lichtenstein, 1876:27. Type species: Chrysis micans Rossi, 1792 [= Chrysis sexdentata Christ, 1791], by subsequent designation of Bodenstein, 1939:127. Junior subjective synonym of Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761 according to Kimsey & Bohart, 1991.

Chrysis acceptabilis Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis acceptabilis Radoszkowski, 1891:197. Lectotype ♂ designated by Rosa et al., 2015d:7; Iran: Sarakhs (Kraków) (maculicornis group).

Chrysis acceptabilis: Rosa et al., 2013:14 (Khorasan-e Razavi); Ebrahimi, 2015:24 (Sistan & Baluchestan); Farhad et al., 2015b:36 (Hormozgan).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan, Khorasan-e Razavi, Sistan & Baluchestan). Afghanistan, Pakistan, North-western India, Saudi-Arabia; Northern Africa: Egypt; Afrotropical: Chad, Sudan (Rosa et al., 2013, Farhad et al., 2015b).

Chrysis aestiva Dahlbom, 1854

Chrysis aestiva Dahlbom, 1854:286. Holotype ♀; Greece: Rhodes Is. (Loew collection, depository unknown) (aestiva group).

Chrysis aestiva: Farhad et al., 2015b:36 (Hormozgan); Rosa, 2020:465 (Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan, Mazandaran). Caucasus; Greece, Iran, Palestine, Rhodes, Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis afghanica Linsenmaier, 1968 (Fig. 8A–F)

Chrysis succincta komareki var. uldarichi Balthasar, 1957:152. Holotype ♀; Afghanistan: Duab (Prague)^*. Invalid quadrinomial name.

Chrysis afghanica Linsenmaier, 1968:68. Holotype ♂; Afghanistan: Duab, based on the type and description of C. succincta komaeriki var. uldarichi Balthasar, 1957 (Luzern) (succincta group).

Material examined. 1♀, Qazvin, Zeresh, 36°25'33''N, 50°06'37''E, 11.viii.2011, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC).

Distribution. *Iran (Qazvin). Afghanistan (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Chrysis albanica alia Linsenmaier, 1959

Chrysis albanica alia Linsenmaier, 1959a:160 [not 100]. Holotype ♂; Türkiye: Konya (succincta group).

Chrysis albanica alia: Rosa et al., 2013:15 (Alborz); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:299 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Kerman). Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Chrysis altaica Mocsáry, 1912

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) analis f. altaica Mocsáry, 1912b:586. Holotype ♀; Kazakhstan: Semipalatinsk [=Semey] (Budapest) (comparata group).

Chrysis altaica: Farzaneh et al., 2017:497 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Kazakhstan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Figure 8. Chrysis afghanica Linsenmaier, 1968, female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view;
C. Mesosoma, lateral view; D. Mesosoma, dorsal view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis ambigua Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis ambigua Radoszkowski, 1891:188. Holotype ♀; Turkmenistan: Ashgabat (Kraków) (cerastes group).

Chrysis ambigua: Rosa et al., 2013:15 (Khorasan-e Razavi, Tehran); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:20 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Khorasan-e Razavi, Tehran). Euroasiatic, South-eastern Europe, Palestine, Rhodes, Türkiye, Middle East; Central Asia: Turkmenistan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis amerii Rosa & Farhad, sp. nov. (Fig. 9A–F)

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:10A6C3C8-204A-4C56-BC19-A7F6795AE72F

Material examined. Holotype ♀; IRAN, Hormozgan province: Chelo, 27°10'30"N, 57°01'09"E, 23.iii.2012, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC). Paratype 1♀, same locality, 18.v.2012, leg. A. Ameri (PRC).

Diagnosis. Chrysis amerii sp. nov. belongs to the Chrysis succincta species group which includes medium to large species (5.0–9.0 mm) with apical margin of the third metasomal tergum edentate, bidentate, tridentate or quadridentate; scapal basin microridged in male, and completely polished and smooth in female; transverse frontal carina normally developed; black spots on second metasomal sternum various, usually covering large part of sternum. Chrysis amerii sp. nov. can be immediately separated by other species of this group by the combination of the following diagnostic characters: metallic blue body, with greenish spots at sides of second tergum (Fig. 9E); apical margin of third tergum with a median protrusion, apically truncate (Fig. 9D, E); transverse frontal carina double (Fig. 9A), with the upper carina crescent and sharp medially; pronotum with shallow, barely visible antero-median depression, composed by short row of small punctures. Chrysis amerii can be separated from the other green to blue species of succincta group by simple apical margin of third tergum, with a single, median protrusion, whereas apical margin of C. robertsi Rosa, 2021 is quadridentate and apical margin of C. maidaquensis Strumia, 2014 is tridentate. Outside Iran, other blue species can be separated by Chrysis amerii sp. nov. for triadentate apical margin, such as C. minutissima Radoszkowski, 1876, or for quadridentate apical margin, as C. friesei du Buysson, 1900.

Description. ¾ Holotype ♀ (Fig. 9A–F). Body length 7.6 mm; anterior wing length 4 mm.

Head. Brow with dense and small punctures between anterior ocellus and upper branch of transverse frontal carina; punctation denser, with small punctures on ocellar area; spaced between posterior ocelli and compound eye; postero-laterad posterior ocelli with punctures separated by polished, wide interspaces up to 2 puncture diameter; posterior ocelli with postero-lateral deep, round and small fovea; temple largely polished, with small, scattered punctures; scapal basin typically deep and medially polished, laterally densely and finely punctate, each puncture bearing white seta; malar space finely and densely punctate; upper transverse frontal carina vaguely M-shaped, with median part distinctly raised, almost straight, and laterally downcurved connecting lower part of frontal carina, toping scapal basin (Fig. 9A); genal carina sharp, straight, fully developed from occiput to mandibular insertion; subantennal space short, 0.5× MOD; apex of clypeus arcuate inward with narrow dark brown rim. Clypeus medially polished; with a row of small punctures before apical rim; punctures small and dense laterally, bearing a white seta. Distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of frontal carina 1.2× MOD; distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of scapal basin = 2.0× MOD. OOL 1.7× MOD; POL 2.5× MOD; MS 1.0× MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.5:0.9:0.9.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal furrow shallow, barely visible, apicomedially as short row of small punctures; pronotum with small punctures, irregularly sized from very small to small (0.1–0.4× MOD); polished interspaces as large as 1 to 2 puncture diameters along anterior margin; puncture denser on posterior half with very small punctures (not dots) between larger ones; punctation on mesoscutum and scutellum shallow and spaced medially (Fig. 9B), with small punctures, at most 0.5× MOD; interspaces polished, as large as 1 to 2 puncture diameters; punctation on lateral area of mesoscutum contrasting, denser and deeper; notauli formed by deep, metallic, sub-square foveae, as large as larger punctures on mesonotum; parapsidal signum deep and distinct; scutellum antero-medially largely polished, punctation denser along margins; scutellar-metanotal suture deep, with large median fovea; posterior propodeal projections divergent; mesopleuron with episternal sulcus formed by large subsquare foveae, larger than other punctures on segment (Fig. 9C).

Metasoma. First tergum with even, medium sized punctures, equally spaced (Fig. 9D); second tergum with slightly smaller punctures, denser antero-dorsally, almost without interspaces; laterally and on second half of tergum with spaced and shallower punctures, with larger, polished interspaces up to 2 puncture diameters; longitudinal median carina weak; third tergum with small, scattered punctures, with small punctures on interspaces; apical margin almost continuous, apico-medially protruding and truncate at apex protrusion (Fig. 9E); apical margin of tergum with narrow, brownish rim; pits of pit row small, shallow, black, only slightly larger than larger punctures on tergum (Fig. 9E); black spots on second sternum relatively small, covering about half sternum length; posterior margin of black spots obliquous; spots medially fused (Fig. 9F).

Colouration. Body dark blue with purplish reflections; scutellum and posterior margin of second tergum with greenish reflections; scape, pedicel and first flagellum basally metallic, other flagellomere blackish; wings hyaline, with brown veins.

Vestiture. Head dorsally with short, dense greyish to whitish setae as long as 1× MOD; ventrally with long white setae, at least 2× MOD long; mesosoma and metasoma dorsally with short (1× MOD) greyish setae, laterally on metasoma and on legs with erect, very long white hairs, as long as 2–3× MOD.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific epithet amerii (masculine noun in genitive) is dedicated to Ali Ameri (Tehran, Iran), for his contribution to the study of Iranian Chrysididae, having collected a large number of new species for the country and for science in the last decade.

Distribution. *Iran (Hormozgan).

Chrysis amneris Balthasar, 1953

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) amneris Balthasar, 1953:227. Holotype ♂; Palestine: Wadi el Kelt (Prague) (amneris group).

Chrysis amneris: Falahatpisheh et al., 2020:30 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Palestine, Russia; Sudan; Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (Rosa et al., 2017b, 2020a).

Chrysis angustifrons agitata Linsenmaier, 1959

Chrysis (Chrysis) angustifrons agitata Linsenmaier, 1959a:138. Holotype ♀; Türkiye: Sullan Dagh (Luzern) (elegans group).

Chrysis angustifrons agitata: Rosa et al., 2013:15 (cat, East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Chrysis angustifrons angustifrons Abeille de Perrin, 1878

Chrysis angustifrons Abeille de Perrin, 1878:5. Syntypes ♂, ♀ [not holotype ♂]; France (Paris) (elegans group).

Chrysis (Holochrysis) pyrrha Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:153. Holotype ♀; Georgia: Lagodekhi (St. Petersburg).

Chrysis (Holochrysis) poetarum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:154. Holotype ♂; Iran: Luristan (St. Petersburg).

Chrysis (Holochrysis) sappho Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:153. Holotype ♂; Georgia: Lagodekhi (St. Petersburg).

Chrysis pyrrha: Rosa et al., 2013:27 (Khuzestan, Lorestan).

Distribution. Iran (Khuzestan, Lorestan). Southern Europe from Spain to Greece, Caucasus (Rosa et al., 2013).

Remarks. Chrysis pyrrha Semenov-Tian-Shanskij was synonymised with Chrysis angustifrons Abeille de Perrin by Rosa et al. (2017a:48).

Chrysis annulata du Buysson, 1887

Chrysis annulata du Buysson, 1887:192. Holotype ♂; Palestine: Tiberias (Paris) (maculicornis group).

Chrysis annulata: Rosa et al., 2013:16 (East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Khuzestan); Ebrahimi, 2015:25 (Alborz) Farhad et al., 2015b:37 (Hormozgan).

Material examined. 1♀, Alborz, Shahrestanak, 35°55'34''N, 51°22'20''E, 8.vi.2010, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC); 1♂, Alborz, Karaj, 35°46'20''N, 50°56'4''E, 16.vi.2010, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC); 1♀, idem, 6.vii.2010 (TMUC).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Hormozgan, Khuzestan). South-eastern Europe, Cyprus, Palestine, Syria, Pakistan; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Figure 9. Chrysis amerii Rosa & Farhad, sp. nov., female, holotype. A. Head, frontal view; B. Mesosoma, dorsal view; C. Mesosoma, lateral view; D. Metasoma, dorsal view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis apiata du Buysson, 1900

Chrysis apiata du Buysson, 1900:149. Holotype ♂; Iran: Tehran (Paris) (comparata group).

Chrysis apiata: Rosa et al., 2013:16 (Khorasan-e Razavi, Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi, Fars) (du Buysson, 1900).

Chrysis araratica Radoszkowski, 1890

Chrysis araratica Radoszkowski, 1890:509. Holotype ♂; Türkiye: Buyuk Agri Dagh [Mt. Ararat] (Krakow) (scutellaris group).

Chrysis araratica: Rosa et al., 2013:16 (West-Azarbaijan - Kamal-Abad).

Distribution. Iran (West-Azarbaijan). Türkiye (Radoszkowski, 1890).

Chrysis asiatica Radoszkowski, 1889

Chrysis asiatica Radoszkowski, 1889:26. Holotype ♂; Uzbekistan: Tashkent (Krakow) (comparata group).

Chrysis asiatica: Rosa et al., 2013:17 (Khorasan-e Razavi).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi). Central Asia: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Radoszkowski, 1891).

Chrysis batyamensis Linsenmaier, 1969

Chrysis batyamensis Linsenmaier, 1969:376. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Bat Yam (Luzern) (curta group).

Chrysis batyamensis: Rosa, 2020:465 (Hormozgan), 473 (Fig. 7).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan). Palestine.

Chrysis brunneamarginata Farhad, Rosa & Talebi [in Farhad et al., 2019]

Chrysis varidens sillensis Linsenmaier, 1987: Farhad et al., 2015b:40 (Hormozgan).

Chrysis brunnemarginata Farhad et al., 2019:1008 (key, figs 2B, C, J), 1009 (figs 3G, H, I), 1010 (fig. 4), 1011 (fig. 5). Holotype ♂; Iran: Hormozgan Minab, Chelo, 27° 10'30''N, 57°01'09''E, 16m, 20.iv.2012, leg. A. Ameri (Tehran) (varidens group).

Remarks. This species was initially identified as Chrysis varidens sillensis, but later described and recognized as distinct species (Farhad et al., 2019).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan).

Chrysis capito Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Chrysis (Gonodontochrysis) capito Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:159. Holotype ♂; Iran: Arysh env. [Arisht in Qazvin, not Azerbaijan, rajon Khojavend] (St. Petersburg) (bihamata group).

Chrysis (Gonodontochrysis) capito: Rosa et al., 2013:17 (Qazvin).

Distribution. Iran (Qazvin).

Chrysis caucasicola Balthasar, 1953

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) analis var. caucasica Mocsáry, 1912b:586, nom. praeocc., nec Radoszkowski, 1877. Holotype ♀; Azerbaijan: Adjikent (Budapest) (comparata group).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) analis f. caucasicola Balthasar, 1953:228. Replacement name for Chrysis analis var. caucasica Mocsáry, 1912, nec Mocsáry, 1889.

Chrysis (Chrysis) analis ssp. caucasiensis Linsenmaier, 1959a:146. Replacement name for Chrysis analis caucasica Mocsáry, 1912, nec Mocsáry, 1889.

Chrysis perrinii Radoszkowski, 1889:25; Rosa et al., 2013:26 (Tehran).

Distribution. Iran (Tehran). Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Georgia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Remarks. The record of Chrysis simplonica Linsenmaier, 1951 from Gilan (Samin et al., 2014) is considered doubtful (see below) and should refer to C. caucasicola.

Chrysis chamrosh Rosa, sp. nov. (Fig. 10A–F)

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C41CA5B7-231D-46D9-B612-3D41F96542E8

Material examined. Holotype ♀; IRAN, Mazandaran province: 75 km S of Chalus [Elburs], 2400m, 12.vii.1977, leg. J. Gusenleitner (NMLU).

Diagnosis. Chrysis chamrosh sp. nov. belongs to the succincta group. It is closely related to the Central Asian Chrysis irenes Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954, known from Tajikistan, whose type is illustrated in Rosa et al. (2017a, plate 67). Chrysis chamrosh sp. nov. can be separated by its colour pattern, an important diagnostic character in this species group (Linsenmaier, 1959a; Rosa & Makris, 2023), by the shape of the apical margin of the third tergum, the pit row and the body punctation. The body colour is green with red to purplish areas on anterior margin of pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum and propodeum (Fig. 10A) (vs. red only on mesonotum, with a small golden hue anteromedially on scutellum in C. irenes); the scapal basin is largely polished (Fig. 10B) (vs. densely micropunctate laterally); the mesonotal punctation is spaced and shallow (Fig. 10C) (vs. dense and deeper); the metasomal punctation is distinctly shallower and sparser in the second half of the tergite (vs. uniformly dense); the third tergum has small, shallow and spaced pits of the pit row (Fig. 10E) (vs. pits of the pit row deep and elongate); the black spots on second sternum are fused medially in both species, but in C. chamrosh there is a greenish median spot before the apical margin (Fig. 10F).

Description. ¾ Holotype ♀ (Fig. 10A–F). Body length: 6.3 mm; wing length: 3.8 mm.

Head. Frons with dense, weakly impressed, small punctures (0.2–0.4 MOD), larger and more spaced on temples between lateral ocelli and eyes, denser and smaller on ocelli area and occipital area; lateral ocelli with two deep lateral foveae; frontal carina weak, as a dark line with vaguely M-shaped between frontal punctures (Fig. 10B); punctures between scapal basin and frontal carina larger than on those between anterior ocellus and frontal carina, not elongate; scapal basin deep, impunctate and polished medially with scattered, small punctures laterally (Fig. 10B); malar space long (1.1.MOD) covered by small, dense punctation; subantennal space short (0.6 × MOD); genal carina sharp, fully developed from temple to mandible insertion; apex of clypeus with thin brown rim. OOL 1.8 × MOD; POL 2.0 × MOD; MS 1.1 × MOD; relative length of P: F1: F2: F3 = 1.0: 1.6: 1.0: 0.8.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal line weak, reaching 1/3rds of pronotal length; pronotum as long as scutellum, with small to medium punctures (0.1 – 0.6 × MOD), the latter larger than punctures of head; punctures on pronotal scutum weak and irregularly shaped; mesoscutum with similar puncture, sparser and weaker on median area and between notauli and parapsidal lines, with wide polished interspaces; notauli formed by small, deep foveae, subrectangular basesally and small and rounded towards apex, parapsidal signum as deep, dark line; mesoscutellum with spaced and shallow punctures; scutellar-metanotal suture deep, formed by longitudinally elongate foveae; metanotal punctures denser, without polished interspaces; posterior propodeal projections slightly divergent; with blunt apex; mesopleuron with punctures larger and shallower on mesepimeron; episternal sulcus formed by small, subsquare foveae, partially confluent each other.

Metasoma. Terga with even, geminate punctures (punctures appearing as two merged together, as the typical metasomal sculpture of Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876), smaller than those on mesoscutum; on first tergum slightly larger, on second tergum smaller and sparser on second half; on third tergum sparser; median longitudinal carina faint; pits of the pit row small, black and rounded (Fig. 10E); apical teeth short, triangular, bordered with hyaline rim; black spots on second sternum fused medially, covering almost 2/3^rd of sternal length and with greenish median spot before the apical margin (Fig. 10F).

Colour. Head and mesosoma green with red to purplish areas on anterior and lateral margin of pronotum, mesonotum, metanotum and propodeum; tegula slightly metallic red along inner margin; notauli blue; scutellar-metanotal suture blue to green; mesopleuron green with golden hue medially; legs pinkish; metasoma red to purplish with apical margin of all tergites green; sterna red; wings hyaline with brown nervures.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific epithet chamrosh (masculine, in apposition) is the name of a mythological bird in Persian mythology said to live on the summit of Mount Alborz, close to the type locality area where the holotype of this Chrysis species was collected, in Mazandaran Province.

Distribution. Iran (Mazandaran).

Figure 10. Chrysis chamrosh Rosa, sp. nov., female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, posterior view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis chlorochrysa Mocsáry 1889

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) chlorochrysa Mocsáry [in Radoszkowski], 1889:23. Syntypes ♂, ♀; Turkmenistan [not Iran]: Askhabad (Kraków) (viridissima group).

Chrysis subcoerulea Radoszkowski, 1891:191; Rosa et al., 2013:31 (East-Azarbaijan, Mazandaran); Farhad et al., 2015b:40 (Hormozgan).

Material examined. 1♂, Hormozgan, Minab, 27°08'39''N, 57°04'31''E, 2.vii.2012, leg. A. Ameri.

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Hormozgan, Mazandaran). Greece (Linsenmaier, 1968), Türkiye (Strumia & Yildirim, 2009); Central Asia: Turkmenistan (Mocsáry in Radoszkowski, 1889).

Remarks. Chrysis subcoerulea Radoszkowski was synonymised by Rosa et al. (2015d:60).

Chrysis cingulicornis libanoensis Linsenmaier, 1968

Chrysis cingulicornis libanoensis Linsenmaier, 1968:81. Holotype ♀; Lebanon (Luzern) (viridula group).

Chrysis cingulicornis libanoensis: Linsenmaier, 1987:149 (Mazandaran).

Chrysis cingulicornis: Rosa et al., 2013:18 (Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Mazandaran) (Linsenmaier, 1987). Lebanon, Türkiye (Strumia & Yildirim, 2009).

Chrysis clarinicollis Linsenmaier, 1951

Chrysis ignita var. clarinicollis Linsenmaier, 1951:77 [not 78]. Lectotype ♀ designated by Linsenmaier, 1959a:154; Switzerland: Wallis (Luzern) (ignita group).

Chrysis ignita var. clarinicollis: Farzaneh et al., 2017:498 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). West Palaearctic: from Southern and Central Europe to Ural; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis coa Invrea, 1939 (Fig. 16D)

Chrysis coa Invrea, 1939:108. Holotype ♂; Greece: Kos Is. (Triest) (succincta group).

Chrysis coa: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:20 (Kordestan); Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Kordestan). Greece (Kos Is., Rhodes Is.) (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Chrysis comparata Lepeletier 1806

Chrysis comparata Lepeletier, 1806:127. Neotype ♂ designated by Rosa & Xu, 2015:13; France: Meudon (Turin) (comparata group).

Chrysis comparata: Rosa, 2020:465 (Alborz, Mazandaran), 474 (fig. 11).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Mazandaran). West-Palaearctic from Europe to Caucasus, Ural, and Siberia; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013; Linsenmaier, 1999).

Chrysis comta Förster, 1853

Chrysis comta Förster, 1853:314. Holotype ♂; Türkiye (type depository unknown) (ignita group).

Chrysis comta: Rosa et al., 2013:18 (East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). Euroasian, from Central and Southern Europe to Türkiye, Caucasus, Ural, and China (Rosa et al., 2014).

Chrysis confluens (Dahlbom, 1845)

Chrysura confluens Dahlbom, 1845:6. Holotype ♂; Greece: Rhodes Is. (Stockholm) (elegans group).

Gonochrysis elegans var. smaragdula Trautmann, 1926, nom. praeoccup., nec Fabricius, 1775. Lectotype ♂ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:407. Greece: Rhodes Is. (Berlin).

Chrysis (Chrysis) elegans ssp. interrogata Linsenmaier, 1959a:137. Replacement name for Gonochrysis elegans var. smaragdula Trautmann, 1926, nec Fabricius, 1775.

Chrysis elegans ssp. interrogata Linsenmaier, 1959 = Chrysis confluens (Dahlbom, 1845): Rosa & Vårdal, 2015:96.

Chrysis elegans interrogata: Rosa et al., 2013:20 (Fars).

Chrysis elegans ssp. smaragdula: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:21 (Kordestan).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Kordestan). Rhodes (Linsenmaier, 1959a), Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Remarks. Chrysis elegans interrogata Linsenmaier, 1959 was synonymised with Chrysis confluens Dahlbom by Rosa & Vårdal (2015).

Chrysis consanguinea Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Gonochrysis) consanguinea Mocsáry, 1889:299. Syntypes ♀♀ [not ♂ and ♀]; Italy: Sicily; Algeria (Geneva) (viridula group).

Chrysis consanguinea: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:20 (Khorasan-e Razavi).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi). Palaearctic, from Southern Europe to Caucasus and Siberia; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis consobrina Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) consobrina Mocsáry, 1889:458. Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Bohart & French, 1986:341; Turkmenistan: Ashgabat (Budapest) (scutellaris group).

Chrysis soror consobrina: Rosa et al., 2013:30 (Demabend [=Demavand]); Farzaneh et al., 2017:499 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Fars), as Persia (Bischoff, 1913; Balthasar, 1953). Transcaspia (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Remarks. Chrysis consobrina was ranked as a valid species by Rosa et al. (2017e).

Chrysis corusca Valkeila, 1971

Chrysis corusca Valkeila, 1971:84. Holotype ♀; Sweden: Åsbro Lerbäck (Stockholm) (ignita group).

Chrysis corusca: Rosa et al., 2013:18 (Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Mazandaran). Central and Northern Europe (Paukkunen et al., 2015).

Chrysis crenulata Rosa, sp. nov. (Fig. 11A–F)

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:42A61BB7-CA6A-429D-A7F8-9877A127FA45

Material examined. Holotype ♀; IRAN, Golestan province: Elburs 40 km S of Shahpasand Tilabad, 1600m, 16.vii.1977, leg. A.W. Ebmer / bei heraklionica spec.? Coll. Linsenmaier / GBIF_Chr 00019822 (NMLU).

Diagnosis. Chrysis crenulata sp. nov. belongs to the succincta group and is related to Chrysis heraklionica Linsenmaier, 1968 from Crete, as already noticed by Linsenmaier on his identification label. The main differences between these two species are body punctation, spaced in C. crenulata sp. nov., in particular well visible on mesonotum and metasoma (vs. deep, dense, without polished interspaces in C. heraklionica); scapal basin medially crenulate and not typically polished as in all the other species of the succincta group; impuncate area of scapal basin T-shaped, not largely polished as in other species (Fig. 11B); colour pattern with scutellum green, contrasting mesoscutum (Fig. 11C); green to golden-green on head, pronotum posteriorly, metanotum and propodeum (red non-contrasting and other segments blue in C. heraklionica); antenna with scape, pedicel and first flagellomere basally metallic (non-metallic in C. heraklionica).

Description. ¾ Holotype ♀ (Fig. 11A–F). Body length 7.4 mm; anterior wing length 4.2 mm (Fig. 11A).

Head. Vertex, ocellar area and brow with dense and small punctures (0.2–0.3× MOD); from posterior ocelli to temples with similar punctures but separated by polished wide interspaces of 1 puncture diameter; posterior ocelli with postero-lateral deep fovea confluent in a lateral, narrow fovea, as long as ocellus length; postero-laterad posterior ocelli with larger polished area as large as 1× MOD; scapal basin deep below upper margin, medially and apically relatively flat for females in this group; impunctate T-shaped area below upper margin and medially (width of 2× MOD) not fully polished, but unusually crenulated; laterally densely and finely punctate as in males of this group, each puncture bearing white short seta, but pilosity not covering face and malar spaces, still clearly visible; malar space finely and densely punctate; frontal carina weak (Fig. 11B), irregular, barely visible as impunctate stripe between punctures, with darker coloration; genal carina sharp, straight, fully developed from middle eye to mandibular insertion; subantennal space short, 0.6× MOD; apex of clypeus straight, slightly arcuate upward with narrow, dark brown rim. Distance between anterior ocellus and margin of upper transverse frontal carina = 2.5× MOD. OOL 1.6× MOD; POL 2.0× MOD; MS 0.9× MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.7:0.8:0.7.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal furrow deep, reaching 3/4 of pronotal length; pronotum with uneven punctures, small to medium sized (0.1–0.5× MOD), shallow on anterior margin, denser and deeper laterally, with occasional dots on interspaces; on mesoscutum with relatively shallow punctures, larger postero-medially on median area, distinctly smaller antero-medially (Fig. 11C); median area with polished interspaces without small punctures or dots; lateral area of mesoscutum with denser punctures, in particular denser and deeper at sides; notauli formed by deep, blue metallic, round, and very small foveae, as large as the smaller adjacent punctures; parapsidal signum deep and distinct; scutellum with punctures similar to those at base of mesoscutum, with large triangular, polished area antero-medially; scutellar-metanotal suture deep, formed by longitudinally elongate foveae; metanotum densely and deeply punctate, with small punctures on narrow interspaces; posterior propodeal projections subparallel; mesopleuron with episternal sulcus formed by large, subrectangular foveae, as large as two punctures and confluent with adjacent points (Fig. 11D).

Metasoma. Punctures on terga even, deep without dots or small punctures on interspaces; longitudinal median carina faint; third tergum with large, deep pits of pit row, two median pits larger than other punctures on tergum, others as large or slightly larger than largest punctures on tergum (Fig. 11E); apical margin quadridentate, with median ones closer each other than lateral and median one; median teeth blunt, lateral ones acute; black spots on second sternum large, covering half of sternum length; spots fused only medially with posterior margin convex (Fig. 11F).

Colouration. Body with typical colour pattern of succincta, with pronotum anteriorly, mesoscutum and metasoma red, excluding the apical margin blue; head and other parts green to golden green; legs greenish to reddish; black on median area of metascutum and antero-medially on second tergum; tegula non-metallic; scape, pedicel, and first flagellomere basally metallic.

Vestiture. Setae whitish and long (at least 1.5× MOD) on head and mesosoma dorsally; longer (up to 3× MOD) on metasoma laterally and on femora and tibiae, here erect on both and outer side.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific epithet crenulata derives from the New Latin adjective crenulatus (crenulate) and refers to the microsculpture on the scapal basin of the female, usually polished in the succincta species-group.

Distribution. *Iran (Golestan).

Chrysis cylindrica Eversmann, 1858 (Fig. 12A–F)

Chrysis cylindrica Eversmann, 1858:554. Holotype ♀; Russia: Kazan (Kraków) (viridula group).

Material examined. 1♂, Kordestan, 1500 m, 22 km N of Kamyaran, 34°57'20''N, 46°58'38''E, 18.v.2013, leg. D. Baiocchi (PRC).

Distribution. *Iran (Kordestan). South-East Europe, Caucasus, Russia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis daphnis syriensis Linsenmaier, 1959

Chrysis (Chrysis) daphnis syriensis Linsenmaier, 1959a:133. Holotype ♀; Syria: Homs (Luzern) (viridula group).

Chrysis daphnis syriensis: Rosa et al., 2013:18 (Fars, Qazvin); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:20 (Fars, Khorasan-e Razavi); Rosa, 2020:465 (Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Khorasan-e Razavi, Mazandaran, Qazvin). Palestine, Syria, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Chrysis dauriana Linsenmaier, 1959

Chrysis (Chrysis) cavaleriei dauriana Linsenmaier, 1959a:112. Holotype ♀; Russia: Dauria (Luzern) (succincta group).

Chrysis cavaleriei dauriana: Rosa et al., 2013:17 (Alborz).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz). Central Asia (Linsenmaier, 1959a), Siberia, Russian Far East, Mongolia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Remarks. Chrysis dauriana Linsenmaier was ranked as a valid species by Rosa et al. (2017a:40). Re-examination of the specimen in Linsenmaier's collection is requested.

Figure 11. Chrysis crenulata Rosa, sp. nov., female, holotype. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view;
F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis demavendae Radoszkowski, 1881 (Fig. 13A–F)

Chrysis demavendae Radoszkowski, 1881:v. Syntypes ♂, ♀; Iran: Damavend Mt. (Tehran/Mazandaran) (Berlin) (smaragdula group).

Chrysis demabendae (!): Radoszkowski, 1889:33.

Chrysis demavendae: Rosa et al., 2013:19 (Tehran/Mazandaran).

Material examined. 1♂, Hormozgan, Bastak, 30.iii.2011, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC); 1♀, Fars, Goldamcheh, 28°39'31''N, 53°32'17''E (TMUC).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Hormozgan, Mazandaran, Tehran).

Figure 12. Chrysis cylindrica Eversmann, 1858, male. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Metasoma, dorsal view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Figure 13. Chrysis demavendae Radoszkowski, 1881, A., C., E. Female; B., D., E. Male. A–B. Habitus, dorsal view; C–D. Head, frontal view; E–F. Mesosoma, posterior view;.

Chrysis dentipes dentipes Radoszkowski, 1877

Chrysis dentipes Radoszkowski, 1877:15. Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991; Uzbekistan: Sarafschan (Moscow) (taczanovskyi group).

Chrysis iraniensis du Buysson, 1900:150. Holotype ♀; Iran: Tehran (Paris).

Chrysis eversmanni Mocsáry, 1912a:407. Holotype ♂; Turkmenistan (Budapest).

Chrysis dentipes: Rosa et al., 2013:19 (Tehran); Farhad et al., 2015b:37 (Hormozgan).

Material examined. 1 ♀, Hormozgan, Chelo, 27°10'30"N, 57°10'09"E, 11.iv.2011, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan, Tehran). Central Asia: Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan (Tarbinsky, 2002a).

Chrysis diacantha diacantha Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Dichrysis) diacantha Mocsáry, 1889:318. Lectotype ♀ designated by Móczár, 1965; Caucasus (Budapest) (varidens-ragusae group).

Chrysis diacantha diacantha: Falahatpisheh et al., 2020:31 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). South-East Europe, Caucasus, Middle East, Central Asia, Russia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis distincta distincta Mocsáry, 1887

Chrysis analis var. incerta Radoszkovsky, 1880:145, nom. praeoccup., nec Dahlbom, 1854. Type ♀; Caucasus (Krakow) (maculicornis group).

Chrysis distincta Mocsáry, 1887:13. Replacement name for analis incerta Radoszkovsky, 1880.

Chrysis distincta: Rosa et al., 2013:19 (Sistan & Baluchestan); Rosa, 2020:465 (Kerman, North Khorasan).

Distribution. Iran (Kerman, North Khorasan, Sistan & Baluchestan), Caucasus, Palestine, Türkiye, Pakistan; Central Asia; Northern Africa: Algeria (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis distincta exigua Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) exigua Mocsáry, 1889:454. Holotype ♀; Uzbekistan: Tashkent (Kraków) (maculicornis group).

Chrysis distincta exigua: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:20 (Alborz).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz). Central Asia (Mocsáry, 1889).

Chrysis echidna Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967 (Figs 14A–F; 31B, 31F)

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) echidna Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:163. Holotype ♀; Turkmenistan: Ashkhabad (St. Petersburg) (subsinuata group).

Material examined. 1♀, Hormozgan, Bastak, 30.iii.2011, leg. Ameri (TMUC); 1♂, Ilam province: SW of Abdanan, 32°54'54"N, 47°18'3.6"E, 1830m, 12.v.2016, leg. M. Kafka (MHC).

Distribution. *Iran (Hormozgan, Ilam). Turkmenistan (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967).

Chrysis edentata Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov. (Figs 15A–F, 16A)

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:58D52AB7-E844-4DED-86FB-0BDDCD83702A

Material examined. Holotype ♂; IRAN, Kerman province: N of Deh Bakri, 29°07'40"N, 57°55'99"E, 1825m, 26–27.v.2012, leg. D. Baiocchi (MSNM).

Diagnosis. Chrysis edentata sp. nov. belongs to the succincta group and is somehow related to Chrysis mavromoustakisi Trautmann, 1929 from Cyprus due to the general habitus, similar to Chrysis grohmanni Dahlbom, 1854 and without apical teeth on the last visible tergum. Also the short second flagellomere (shorter than the third) and male genitalia are related to C. mavromoustakisi, but the genital capsule of C. edentata is narrower, the gonostylus shorter and the apex of gonostylus simple, digitate, not bifurcate as in C. mavromoustakisi (Figs 16A, B); apical margin of third tergum edentate, unmodified (Fig. 15E), whereas in C. mavromoustakisi is pulled out, with elongate pits of the pit row (Fig. 16G); black spots on second tergum medially fused in C. edentata, with straight margin, covering less than half sternum (vs. separate medially, with oblique margin and covering more than half sternum); besides other characters, also the colour pattern of Chrysis edentata sp. nov. is significantly different, being entirely green (Fig. 15A) and clearly distinct from the contrasting red and blue colour of Chrysis mavromoustakisi (Figs 16G, compare also the picture in Rosa et al., 2017d:fig. 7B).

Description. ¾ Holotype ♂ (Figs 15A–F). Body length 6.3 mm; anterior wing length 3.5 mm (Fig. 15A).

Head. Vertex, ocellar area and brow between anterior ocellus and upper branch of transverse frontal carina with dense and small punctures; postero-laterad posterior ocelli with polished area as large as 1× MOD; posterior ocelli with postero-lateral deep and small fovea (Fig. 15C); scapal basin deep and medially polished for a width of 1× MOD, laterally densely and finely punctate, each puncture bearing white seta; white pilosity covering face and malar spaces (Fig. 15B); malar space finely and densely punctate; frontal carina double, upper transverse frontal carina substraight, slightly curved downwards medially, downcurved to connect lower part laterally (Fig. 15B); lower carina toping scapal basin and weakly produced, compared to upper one; genal carina sharp, straight, fully developed from middle eye to mandibular insertion; subantennal space short, 0.6× MOD; apex of clypeus arcuate upward with narrow, dark brown rim. Clypeus sparsely micropunctate with white setae laterally. Distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of frontal carina 1.2× MOD; distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of scapal basin = 2.0× MOD. OOL 2.0× MOD; POL 2.1× MOD; MS 1.0× MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.0:0.7:1.2.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal furrow deep, narrow, reaching half of pronotal length; pronotum with dense, deep and even punctures of medium size (0.5× MOD), with occasional small punctures between punctures; row of smaller punctures along posterior margin; punctation on mesoscutum and scutellum deep, with larger punctures (up to 0.8× MOD) postero-medially, spaced medially on mesoscutum, with polished interspaces (Fig. 15C); punctation on lateral areas of mesoscutum denser; notauli formed by deep, black, round, and small foveae, as large as half of larger punctures on mesonotum; parapsidal signum deep and distinct; punctures on scutellum denser with polished area along posterior margin; scutellar-metanotal suture deep, with large, irregular median fovea; posterior propodeal projections pointed, divergent, with lateral sides slightly concave; mesopleuron with episternal sulcus formed by large, irregular foveae, as large as two or three punctures and confluent with adjacent points (Fig. 15D).

Metasoma. Punctures on terga dense, deep and slightly smaller than those on metanotum, with dots on interspaces; punctures becoming smaller towards apical margin; longitudinal median carina weak and barely visible at base of second tergum (Fig. 15E); third tergum with small, deep pits of pit row; apical margin sinuous, with a lateral concavity before weak median indentation; margin bordered by narrow but distinct hyaline rim; black spots on second sternum relatively small, covering less than first half of sternum length; spots medially fused with posterior margin straight (Fig. 15F); genital capsule narrow, elongate, with simple gonostylus, digitate distally, not bifurcate (Fig. 16A).

Colouration. Body entirely emerald green including tegulae, legs, scape, pedicel, first and second flagellomere.

Vestiture. Setae whitish and long (at least 2× MOD) on head and mesosoma dorsally, on metasoma laterally; on femora; on tibia long and erect only on outer side.

Female. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific epithet edentata derives from the Latin adjective edentatus (toothless) and refers to the simple apical margin of the last metasomal tergum without teeth.

Distribution. *Iran (Kerman).

Chrysis equestris Dahlbom, 1854

Chrysis equestris Dahlbom, 1854:307. Holotype ♀; type locality unknown [most likely Sweden] (Stockholm) (smaragdula group).

Chrysis equestris: Rosa et al., 2013:20 (Golestan).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan). Euroasian, from Europe to Russian Far East (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis erubescens Linsenmaier, 1997

Chrysis (Platycelia) erubescens Linsenmaier, 1997:283. Holotype ♀; Iran: Khuzestan, Haft Tapeh, 300 km N Abadan, Choca Zambil, 29.vi–1.vii.1965, leg. A. Mavromoustakis (Luzern) (ehrenbergi group).

Material examined. 3♂♂, 3♀♀, Golestan province: 70 km E of Minudasht, 37°15'36"N, 55°59'24"E, 1050m, 12.vi.2010, leg. Mi. Halada (MHC).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan, Khuzestan).

Figure 14. Chrysis echidna Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967, female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, dorsal view.

Chrysis frivaldszkyi frivaldszkyi Mocsáry, 1882

Chrysis frivaldszkyi Mocsáry, 1882:52 [descr. in Hungarian], 84 [descr. in Latin]. Lectotype ♂ designated by Móczár, 1965:171; Hungary (Budapest) (succincta group).

Chrysis frivaldszkyi: Samin et al., 2014:122 (Khorasan, Semnan); Rosa, 2020:466 (Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Khorasan, Semnan, and Mazandaran).

Figure 15. Chrysis edentata Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov., male, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Remarks. Strumia & Fallahzadeh (2015) listed Chrysis succincta Linnaeus for Iran; neverthess, the identification is based on females only. It is known (e.g. Linsenmaier, 1959a, Rosa & Makris, 2023) that females of Chrysis succincta, C. tristicula and C. frivaldszkyi are impossible to be identified based on external morphological features. Since C. succincta is currently known with certainty only for the northern part of Central Europe, Scandinavia and part of Russia, the occurrence in Iran is doubtful. On the other hand, several similar species are found in Iran, in particular Chrysis frivaldszkyi seems to be very common and we suppose that Strumia & Fallahzadeh's specimens belong to this species. Strumia & Fallahzadeh (2015) postulated that these females could belong to C. prosuccincta. We exclude C. succincta from the checklist until male specimens of Chrysis succincta are found.

Chrysis frivaldszkyi sparsepunctata du Buysson, 1895

Chrysis succincta var. sparsepunctata du Buysson, 1895:422. Holotype ♀; Turkmenistan: Serakhs (Kraków) (succincta group).

Chrysis frivaldszkyi var. sparsepunctata: Rosa et al., 2013:20 (Fars, Golestan, Kuhgiloyeh Boyerahmad, Mazandaran). Farhad et al., 2015b:38 (Hormozgan); Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:299 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Golestan, Hormozgan, Kerman, Kuhgiloyeh Boyerahmad, Mazandaran). Palestine, Syria, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a); Central Asia: Turkmenistan (du Buysson, 1895).

Figure 16. A–F. Genital capsule A. Chrysis edentata Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov. B. C. mavromoustakisi Trautmann, 1929. C. C. titanica Rosa, sp. nov. D. C. coa Invrea, 1939. E–F. Chrysura filidichroa Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov.; G. C. mavromoustakisi Trautmann, 1929, metasoma, postero-lateral view.

Chrysis fulgida Linnaeus, 1761

Chrysis fulgida Linnaeus, 1761:415. Lectotype ♀ designated by Morgan, 1984:9; Sweden: Uppsala (London) (ignita group).

Chrysis fulgida: Rosa et al., 2013:20 (East-Azarbaijan and Tehran); Ebrahimi, 2015:27 (Tehran).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan and Tehran). Euroasian, from Europe to Russian Far East; Central Asia (Rosa et al., 2017a).

Chrysis gianassoi Strumia, 2015

Chrysis gianassoi Strumia in Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:14. Holotype ♀; Iran: Fars, 7 km West of Dasht-e-Arzhan, 2050 m, 29°38'N, 51°54'E, 4–6.v.2008 (Strumia private coll.) (facialis group).

Material examined. 1♀, Hormozgan, Zakin, 23.v.2011, leg. Ameri (PRC).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Hormozgan).

Chrysis gorislava Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Chrysis (Glossochrysis) gorislava Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:156. Holotype ♀; Iran, Sistan & Baluchestan: Bampur, Shishapust, 8–9.iv.1901, N. Zarudny (St. Petersburg) (pallidicornis group).

Chrysis gorislava: Rosa et al., 2013:21 (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Distribution. Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Chrysis gracillima Förster, 1853

Chrysis gracillima Förster, 1853:328. Holotype ♂; Germany (Berlin) (gracillima group).

Chrysis gracillima: Rosa et al., 2013:21 (East-Azarbaijan); Farhad et al., 2019:1007 (key), 1008 (figs 2F, G), 1009 (figs 3A, B), 1011 (diag., East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). West Palaearctic, from Europe to Middle East; Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1999).

Chrysis grohmanni bolivari Mercet, 1902 (Figs 17A–D, 18A–D)

Chrysis grohmanni var. bolivari Mercet, 1902:222. Holotype ♂; Syria: Marache [currently Türkiye (Kahraman) Maras] (Madrid) (succincta group).

Chrysis singula Radoszkowski, 1891:187; Rosa et al., 2013:30 (East-Azarbaijan, Qazvin).

Chrysis grohmanni bolivari: Rosa, 2020:466 (Mazandaran).

Material examined. 1♂, Alborz, Karaj, 35°46'20''N, 50°56'44''E, 10.viii.2010, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC); 1♀ Arangeh, 35°55'07''N, 51°05'09''E, 10.viii.2010, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC).

Distribution. *Iran (Alborz, East-Azarbaijan, Mazandaran, Qazvin) (Linsenmaier, 1959a:109). Palestine, Rhodes, Syria, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968).

Remarks. This species was misidentified as Chrysis singula Radoszkowski by Rosa et al. (2013). Previous citations of Chrysis grohmanni for Iran are related to Chrysis grohmanni bolivari.

Chrysis hafisi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Chrysis (Gonodontochrysis) hafisi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:159. Holotype ♀; Iran: Gilan, Tachinar, 16.v.1904, N. Zarudny (St. Petersburg) (rufitarsis group).

Chrysis hafisi: Rosa et al., 2013:21 (Gilan).

Distribution. Iran (Gilan).

Chrysis heimi Rosa, sp. nov. (Fig. 19A–F)

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:5C2C10D9-F8BC-42CA-B550-E570E6B249DE

Material examined. Holotype ♀; IRAN, Hormozgan province: Zakin, 27.vi.2011, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC).

Diagnosis. Chrysis heimi sp. nov. belongs to the maculicornis species group for the shape of the head with round profile; with very short malar space; transverse frontal carina with long branches downwards directed along inner margin of compound eyes; proximal flagellomeres short; apical teeth of third metasomal tergum well defined. Its particular colour pattern, one of the most spectacular in this family, is shared with the females of Chrysis blanchardi Lucas, 1849, which is distributed from the Iberian Peninsula and Morocco to Egypt, where two varieties were described, var. rubescens du Buysson, 1895 and var. abbreviaticornis du Buysson, 1895. At the moment, all these taxa, including Chrysis superba Tournier, 1879 (likely originated from Morocco) and C. fertoni du Buysson, 1895 are all considered synonyms of C. blanchardi (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991). Compared to these forms, Chrysis heimi sp. nov. can be immediately recognised by the black spots on the second sternum, which are differently shaped, being large, subtrapezoidal and connected to lateral margins (Fig. 19F), whereas in taxa related to C. blanchardi they are very small and elongate, never connected to lateral margins. Moreover, it is diagnostic the combination of following characters: profile of the head sub-rectangular, with wider face (l/w = 0.7, ratio measured from margin of anterior ocellus to clypeus and the shortest distance between eyes) (vs. round profile with subsquare face, l/w = 0.6 in C. blanchardi); transverse frontal carina shallow, M-like, with two sinuosities (Fig. 19B), medially curved downwards (vs. frontal carina sharp with three angles and three branches directed upwards in C. blanchardi, medially right angled upwards); apical metasomal margin with median teeth largely separate (vs. separated by narrow space in C. blanchardi); finally, body colour not exactly the same, as all vivid red parts in C. blanchardi are golden-greenish in C. heimi sp. nov.

Description. ¾ Holotype ♀ (Fig. 19A–F). Body length 6.4 mm, anterior wing length 3.4 mm (Fig. 19A).

Head. Brow and ocellar area with dense and small punctures (0.2–0.3× MOD), without interspaces on brow, more spaced on ocellar area medially; punctures on vertex slightly larger and sparser between ocelli and eye, with occasional dots on interspaces; head posteriorly and temples densely punctate to contiguous with small punctures in between punctures; fovea lateral to posterior ocelli deep, as long as ocellus itself (Fig. 19C); with scapal basin densely micropunctate at sides, each puncture bearing a short white seta, altogether covering facial sculpture (Fig. 19B); medial longitudinal line with 1× MOD width, without hairs, finely, transversally wrinkled; micropunctation at sides continuing on supraclypeal area and malar spaces; clypeus with sparser, shallower punctures, not covered by setae, apically with triangular, brown rim; transverse frontal carina vaguely M-shaped (Fig. 19B); weak but still well visible on upper part and slightly contrasting with more vivid, golden colour; lateral ending going downwards at sides of scapal basin, but slightly visible; genal carina sharp, gently curved, fully developed from occiput to mandibular insertion; malar space short (0.4× MOD), convergent; subantennal space short, 0.6× MOD; distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of frontal carina 1.6× MOD; OOL 1.7× MOD; POL 2.3× MOD; MS 0.4× MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.2:0.8:0.8.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal furrow as shallow, slightly depressed area; pronotum with deep and dense punctures variable in size from small dots to 0.4× MOD; punctation on mesoscutum deep and dense anteriorly, more spaced basally with slightly larger punctures (0.5× MOD) separated by polished interspaces; notauli formed by deep, metallic, sub-rectangular foveae, smaller or as large as surrounding punctures, decreasing towards apical margin (Fig. 19C); parapsidal signum as deep line; even punctures on lateral area of mesoscutum; scutellum with punctation similar to that of mesoscutum, with punctures becoming larger towards margins; metanotum antero-medially with deep and wide fovea, punctures larger than those on mesoscutum, with dotted interspaces; posterior propodeal projections triangular, slightly divergent; mesopleuron with deep sulci formed by large subsquare foveae, larger than punctures on the segment (Fig. 19D).

Metasoma. First tergum with deep and even punctures equally spaced becoming smaller and denser along margins, interspaces dotted; similar even and dotted punctation on second tergum, with more small punctures, besides dots, on interspaces; longitudinal median carina distinct, continuing on third tergum (Fig. 19E); third tergum similarly sculptured as second; pits of pit row round, deep as large as two punctures together; post pit row area short, as long as pit of pit row; apical margin with four short teeth equally spaced, interval as long as 3–4 pits of pit row; black spots on second sternum large, subtrapezoidal, connected to lateral margins (Fig. 19F).

Colouration. Body multicoloured (Fig. 19A), predominantly golden-red (likely red in nature) with green and blue head (green on vertex laterally and face); blue median area of mesoscutum (medially with green reflections), tegulae blue; metanotum and propodeum greenish; metasoma golden-red, with apical margin blue; legs and sterna green; scape, pedicel green, the rest of flagellum brownish; wings hyaline, with light brown veins.

Vestiture. Body dorsally and laterally covered with short (1× MOD) white setae, distinctly erect on mesoleg.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific epithet heimi (masculine noun in genitive) is dedicated to René Heim (Luzern, Switzerland), for his generosity and unconditional help in the study of the Chrysididae collection of Walter Linsenmaier, friendly hosting PR in Luzern for twenty years of continuous research. The choice of this species is motivated by the colour pattern, similar to that of Chrysis gertiana Rosa, 2018, named after his wife Gerti, who prematurely passed away, and who also supported PR for several years.

Distribution. *Iran (Hormozgan).

Figure 17. Chrysis grohmanni bolivari Mercet, 1902, female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Metasoma, posterior view

Figure 18. Chrysis grohmanni bolivari Mercet, 1902, male. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Metasoma, posterior view.

Chrysis herzensteini Semenow, 1892

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) herzensteini Semenow, 1892a:94. Holotype ♂; Persia borealis [possibly Alborz province] (St. Petersburg) (rufitarsis group).

Chrysis herzensteini: Rosa et al., 2013:21 (Persia, without locality).

Distribution. Iran (without locality).

Chrysis hydra Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) hydra Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:164. Holotype ♂; Iran: South Khorasan, Khouz-Muzafyr, 20.iv.1896, N. Zarudny (St. Petersburg) (subsinuata group).

Chrysis hydra: Rosa et al., 2013:22 (South Khorasan).

Distribution. Iran (South Khorasan).

Chrysis ignita (Linnaeus, 1758) s.l.

Sphex ignita Linnaeus, 1758:571. Lectotype ♀ designated by Richards, 1935; Europe (London - Linnean Society) (ignita group).

Chrysis ignita: Rosa et al., 2013:22 (Golestan).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan). Widespread in the Palaearctic Region.

Remarks. Old records of Chrysis ignita (like in Radoszkowsky, 1877) should be treated as sensu lato, because under the name Chrysis ignita we currently identify different, separate species.

Figure 19. Chrysis heimi Rosa, sp. nov., female, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis imperatrix du Buysson, 1887

Chrysis imperatrix du Buysson, 1887:190. Holotype ♂; Russia (Paris) (comparata group).

Chrysis imperatrix: Rosa et al., 2013:22 (Persia).

Distribution. Iran. Central Asia (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Chrysis impressa Schenck, 1856

Chrysis impressa Schenck, 1856:29. Lectotype ♀ designated by Morgan, 1984:9; Germany (Frankfurt) (ignita group).

Chrysis impressa: Rosa et al., 2013:22 (Golestan).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan). Europe (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Chrysis indigotea Dufour & Perris, 1840

Chrysis indigotea Dufour & Perris, 1840:38. Holotype ♂; France (Paris) (ignita group).

Chrysis indigotea: Rosa et al., 2013:22 (Golestan); Ebrahimi, 2015:28 (Ardabil)

Distribution. Iran (Ardabil, Golestan). Southern and Central Europe; Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis infantula Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Chrysis infantula Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:155. Holotype ♀; Turkmenistan: Imam-Baba (St. Petersburg) (leachii group).

Chrysis infantula: Rosa et al., 2013:23 (Esfahan). Farhad et al., 2015b:38 (Hormozgan).

Chrysis nilensis Linsenmaier, 1959a:Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars).

Chrysis nilensis: Falahatpisheh et al., 2021:31 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Esfahan, Fars, Hormozgan). Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967).

Remarks. Chrysis infantula Semenov-Tian-Shanskij and Chrysis nilensis Linsenmaier, 1959 (replacement name for Chrysis leachii var. cyanea du Buysson, 1908a:49, nom. praeocc., nec Villers 1789) are almost identical and possibly synonyms. We examined both female types in Paris and St. Petersburg and the main difference is found in the shape of the apical margin of metasomal third tergum. In Chrysis infantula the post pit-row area is longer and slightly concave in lateral view, whereas in Chrysis nilensis it is shorter and straight in lateral view. The first record examined for Iran (Rosa et al., 2013) was based on a male specimen. Examination of more material is needed to confirm the occurrence of Chrysis infantula or Chrysis nilensis in the country. In any case, the taxon observed in Southern Iran and identified as infantula by Rosa et al. (2013) and nilensis by Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh (2015) could belong to the same species.

Chrysis interjecta hemichlora Linsenmaier, 1951

Chrysis interjecta var. hemichlora Linsenmaier, 1951:66. Syntypes ♂, ♀; Greece: Rhodes (NML) (aestiva group).

Chrysis interjecta var. hemichlora: Rosa et al., 2013:23 (Qazvin); Rosa, 2020:466 (Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Mazandaran, Qazvin). Cyprus, Iraq, Palestine, Rhodes, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968, 1997).

Chrysis keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887:47. Holotype ♂ [not ♀]; China: Xinjiang, Keria-Daria (Kraków) (ignita group).

Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889:515. Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991; Uzbekistan: Tashkent (Budapest).

Chrysis chrysochlora: Rosa et al., 2013:17 (East-Azarbaijan, Tehran).

Chrysis quadrispina du Buysson, 1887:187, Iranmanesh et al., 2017:300 (Kerman), 301 (figs 3C, D).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Kerman, Tehran). Lebanon, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968); Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, China (Rosa et al., 2013).

Remarks. Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry was synonymised with Chrysis keriensis Radoszkowski by Rosa et al., 2015d:20. Iranmanesh et al. (2017) recorded Chrysis quadrispina for Iran, but pictures given in the article are related to a female of Chrysis keriensis.

Chrysis klio Balthasar, 1953 (Fig. 20A–F)

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) klio Balthasar, 1953:257. Holotype ♂; Palestine: Jerusalem [not holotype ♀ from Afghanistan, Schau, Kokscha-Tal, Badakschar Mts.] (Prague) (varidens group).

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) klio Balthasar, 1953 = Chrysis varidens Abeille de Perrin, 1878:6; Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:474.

Chrysis klio: Boustani & Rosa, 2022:16. Reinstated.

Material examined. 1♀, Qazvin, Zereshk, 36°25'23''N, 50°06'37''E, 27.vii.2011, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC).

Distribution. *Iran (Qazvin). Caucasus (Rosa et al., 2013).

Remarks. The species photograph (Fig. 20) shows a green and blue colour pattern instead of red and blue of the type and other specimens recently collected in nature (Boustani & Rosa, 2022). This green colouration is considered to be given by an alteration of the cuticle due to the collecting method in the Malaise trap and the preservation in ethanol.

Chrysis komarowi Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis komarowi Radoszkowski, 1891:190. Holotype ♀; Turkmenistan: Ashkabad (Krakow) (maculicornis group).

Chrysis komarowi: Rosa et al., 2013:24 (Bushehr); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:299 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (Bushehr; Kerman). Turkmenistan, Pakistan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis laetula Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’ skaya, 1954

Chrysis (Allochrysis) laetula Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954:124. Holotype ♂, Tajikistan: Dzhili­kul, (St. Petersburg).

Allochrysis laetula: Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:288.

Chrysis laetula: Rosa, 2018c:277 (ear group).

Material examined. 1♂, Golestan province: 70 km E Minudasht, 37°15'36"N, 55°59'24"E, 1050m, 12.vi.2010, leg. Mi. Halada (MHC); 1♂, Golestan province: 70 km E of Minudasht, 37°15'36"N, 55°59'24"E, 1050m, 11.vi.2010, leg. P. Tyrner (MHC)

Distribution. *Iran (Golestan). Turkmenistan, Tajikistan (Rosa, 2018c).

Chrysis leachii Shuckard, 1836

Chrysis leachii Shuckard, 1836:168. Type unknown, locality unknown [not England] (lost ?) (leachii group).

Chrysis leachii: Rosa et al., 2013:24 (East-Azarbaijan); Falahatpisheh et al., 2021:31 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Fars). West Palaearctic, from Europe and Northern Africa to the Middle East (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis lepida Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Olochrysis) lepida Mocsáry, 1889:278. Syntypes ♀♀; Armenia: Yerevan (Kraków, Budapest) (elegans group).

Chrysis (Holochrysis) horatiana Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:153. Holotype ♀; Azerbaijan [not Armenia]: Ordubad (St. Petersburg).

Chrysis lepida: Rosa et al., 2013:24 (Qazvin).

Material examined. 1♂, 1♀, Fars, Sedeh, 30°44'08''N, 52°09'09''E, 24.v.2014, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Qazvin). Azerbaijan, Türkiye (Strumia & Yildirim, 2009).

Chrysis leuconoe Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Chrysis leuconoe Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:176 Holotype ♂; Turkmenistan: Pereval (St. Petersburg) (comparata group).

Material examined. 2♂♂, 10♀♀, Kerman province: 25 km E Jiroft, 28°42'N, 57°57'E, 27.v.2014, leg. J. Halada (MHC).

Distribution. *Iran (Kerman). Turkmenistan (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967).

Figure 20. Chrysis klio Balthasar, 1953, female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, dorsal view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis maculicornis Klug, 1845

Chrysis maculicornis Klug, 1845:tav. 45. fig. 6. Holotype ♂; Egypt: Alexandria (Berlin).

Chrysis maculicornis: Rosa et al., 2013:24 (Khuzestan); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:21 (Fars); Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:299 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Kerman, Khuzestan). Palestine, Türkiye, Saudi Arabia; Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1994); Central Asia: Tadjikistan (Radoszkowski, 1891).

Chrysis maidaquensis Strumia, 2014 (Fig. 21A–F)

Chrysis maidaquensis Strumia, 2014:488. Holotype ♀; United Arab Emirates: Wadi Maidaq, 07–14.iii.2006, leg. A. van Harten (Strumia private coll.) (succincta group).

Chrysis maidaquensis: Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2015a:97 (Hormozgan).

Material examined. 1♀, Hormozgan, Rahbari, 27°27'02''N, 57°08'84''E, vi.2011, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Hormozgan). United Arab Emirates (Strumia, 2014).

Chrysis majidi Strumia, 2015

Chrysis majidi Strumia in Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:5. Holotype ♂; Iran: Kerman, 2300 m, 29˚03'39"N, 57˚53'24"E, 23.v.2011, leg. D. Gianasso (paratype from Lorestan) (Strumia private coll.) (millenaris group).

Chrysis majidi: Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars).

Chrysis majidi: Iranmanesh et al., 2017:299 (Kerman); Chrysis laeta: Falahatpisheh et al., 2021:31 (Fars).

Material examined. 1♂, Fars, Goldamcheh, 28°39'31''N, 58°32'17''E, 16.vii.2013, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Kerman, Lorestan). Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (Rosa et al., 2020a).

Chrysis mandibularis du Buysson, 1901

Chrysis mandibularis du Buysson, 1901:101. Holotype ♀; Kenya [not Tanzania]: Waboniland (Vienna) (delicatula group).

Chrysis mandibularis: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:21 (Lorestan).

Distribution. Iran (Lorestan). Afrotropical (Madl & Rosa, 2012).

Chrysis manicata Dahlbom, 1854

Chrysis manicata Dahlbom, 1854:276. Syntypes ♂♂; Greece: Rhodes Is. (Stockholm, Berlin) (pallidicornis group).

Chrysis manicata: Rosa et al., 2013:25 (Qazvin).

Distribution. Iran (Qazvin). Cyprus, Greece, former Yugoslavia, Palestine, Russia, Türkiye, Uzbekistan; Northern Africa; Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan: Tian-Shan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877 (Fig. 22A–F)

Chrysis maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877:14. Lectotype ♂ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:436; Uzbekistan: Zarafshan (Moscow) (scutellaris group).

Material examined. 1♂, Hormozgan, Ramkan, 26°52'25''N, 56°01'07''E, 18.vi.2012, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC); 1♂, idem, 28.v.2012 (TMUC); 1♂, idem, 14.vi.2012 (TMUC).

Distribution. *Iran (Hormozgan). Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Radoszkowski, 1889; Mocsáry, 1889; du Buysson, 1895; Kimsey & Bohart, 1991; Tarbinsky 2002c).

Remarks. All examined specimens of Chrysis maracandensis from Iran to Central Asia in several collections are males. Based on museum specimens and collecting localities, females of Chrysis maracandensis should be similar to Chrysis consobrina and to other species of the scutellaris group, yet any association was proposed before, and never observed in nature. Sex associations in this subgroup are still unclear and females of different species cannot be yet associated to the corresponding males. The specimens of Chrysis maracandensis (Fig. 22) from Iran are slightly different from the typical Central Asian form for the well-defined apical teeth of the third tergum, contrasting with the typical form with the two median teeth normally undulate. In this sense, the Iranian specimens of C. maracandensis could also be the so far unknown males of Chrysis subdistincta (see below). New taxonomic research should be addressed on this species-group, also with the help of molecular analysis, which can probably better associate the two sexes, otherwise difficult to observe in copula, for example, in nature.

Figure 21. Chrysis maidaquensis Strumia, 2014, female. A. Mesosoma and first tergum, dorsal view; B. Scutellum, metanotum, propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view; C. Head, frontal view; D. Mesosoma and terga 1, 2, lateral view; E. Metasoma, posterior view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis marani Balthasar, 1953

Chrysis marani Balthasar, 1953:217. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Jerusalem (Prague) (succincta group).

Chrysis centropunctata Linsenmaier, 1968:66. Holotype ♀; Türkiye: Kayseri (Luzern).

Chrysis marani: Rosa et al., 2013:25 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Palestine, Türkiye, and Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968, 1987, including distribution of subspecies).

Figure 22. Chrysis maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877, male. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, dorsal view; F. Metasoma, posterior view.

Chrysis marginata marginata Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) marginata Mocsáry, 1889:451. Holotype ♀; Turkestania (Kraków) (comparata group).

Chrysis marginata: Rosa et al., 2013:25 (East-Azarbaijan, Kerman); Farhad et al., 2015b:38 (Hormozgan); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:299 (Kerman).

Material examined. 1♂, Qazvin, Tarem, 36°40'09''N, 49°25'37''E, 07.vi.2011, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC); 1♂, Alborz, Karaj, 35°46'20''N, 50°56'44''E, 1.vi.2010, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC); 1♀, Tehran, Shahriar, 35°40'03''N, 50°56'52''E, 24.viii.2010, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC); 1♀, Hormozgan, Zakin, 4.vi.2012, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, East-Azarbaijan, Hormozgan, Kerman, Qazvin, Tehran). South-eastern Europe, Cyprus, Greece, Palestine, Türkiye, Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tadjikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis martinella du Buysson, 1900

Chrysis martinella du Buysson, 1900:142. Holotype ♀; Iran: Tehran (Paris) (aestiva group).

Chrysis martinella: Rosa et al., 2013:25 (Tehran). Farhad et al., 2015b:39 (Hormozgan).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan, Tehran). Greece, Lebanon, Palestine, and Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis mediasignata Rosa, sp. nov. (Figs 23A–G, 24A–F)

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:9DCB2A7B-41C9-4D6E-A1C5-38F2E0283A8B

Material examined. Holotype ♂; IRAN, Qazvin province: Zereshk, 36°25'23"N, 50°06'37"E, 6.vii.2011, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC). Paratype ♀, same locality, 27.vii.2011, leg. M. Khayrandish (PRC).

Diagnosis. Chrysis mediasignata sp. nov. belongs to the leachii group which includes very small to small species (2.5–5.0 mm) with apical margin of the third metasomal tergum edentate or with a single median tooth; scapal basin broadly microridged in both sexes, whereas in the similar C. succincta group the female scapal basin is completely smooth; malar space short and convergent; faint transverse frontal carina; black spots on second metasomal sternum covering half-length or a larger part of the sternum. The male of Chrysis mediasignata sp. nov. can be immediately separated from other males of this group by unique shape of genital capsule, which is piriform, with apexes of gonocoxae convergent to aedeagus (Fig. 23F) and with simple and slender gonostylus, unusually not apically bifurcate (Fig. 23G). The female of Chrysis mediasignata sp. nov. can be separated from other similar females of this group by a green, median stripe on scutellum, becoming larger basally, contrasting the typical colouration of Chrysis leachii Shuckard, 1836. Colour pattern is an important diagnostic character for the identification of species in the leachii group as well as in the succincta group (Linsenmaier, 1959a, Rosa & Makris, 2023).

Description. ¾ Holotype ♂ (Fig. 23A–G). Body length 3.7 mm, anterior wing length 1.9 mm (Fig. 23A).

Head. Brow between scapal basin and anterior ocellus with dense, irregular and somewhere confluent punctures, medium to large (about 0.4–0.7× MOD), without interspaces (Fig. 23B); similar sculpture between scapal basin and eye, with row of punctures aligned along eye, reaching clypeus and malar space; scapal basin deep, with sharp transverse ridges, shallower on longitudinal midline and medially weak on lower scapal basin; medial longitudinal line deep, starting from median pit and ending 1× MOD to clypeus; vertex and head posterior to ocelli with smaller round punctures and narrow, polished interspaces; with small, deep fovea posterior to posterior ocelli; transverse frontal carina faint; genal carina sharp, straight, fully developed from mid-eye to mandibular insertion; subantennal space short, 0.5× MOD; apex of clypeus arcuate upwards with dark brown rim. Clypeus medially polished; with row of small punctures apically, before apical rim. Distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of scapal basin 2.1× MOD. OOL 1.3× MOD; POL 2.1× MOD; MS 1.3× MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.3:0.7:0.6.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal furrow shallow and reaching half of pronotal length (Fig. 23C); pronotum as long as mesoscutellum, with deep punctures, irregularly sized from very small to medium size (0.1–0.5× MOD); punctation on mesoscutum deep, both on median and lateral areas (Fig. 23C); postero-medially with larger, irregular punctures; notauli formed by small, deep, metallic, sub-rectangular foveae, as large as half size of larger points on mesoscutum, decreasing anteriorly; parapsidal signum distinct; mesoscutellum with punctures similar to mesoscutum; scutellar-metanotal suture deep, formed by large foveae; posterior propodeal projection subparallel, punctate similarly as side of propodeum, pointing backwards; mesopleuron with episternal sulcus aligned foveae, as large as punctures on mesepimeron (Fig. 23D).

Metasoma. Metasoma with even, medium sized punctures, with narrow, polished interspaces dorsally, becoming wider at sides, with interspaces up to 1 puncture diameter; second tergum with weak longitudinal median carina (Fig. 23D); apical margin of third tergum almost continuous, weakly angulate medially and with narrow, yet distinct, hyaline rim (Fig. 23E); black spots on second sternum elongate, as long as three-quarters of segment length, medially widely separate.

Colouration. Male blue with green hints on vertex, and green on anterior margin of pronotum, mesosonotum, second and third tergum, excluding blue apical margin of third tergum after pit row (Fig. 23A). The green parts could be more golden to red when the specimen is alive. Overall, the colouration is similar to that of Chrysis lanceolata male, which is a species expected for Iran, considering its wide distribution.

Female (Paratype). Body length 3.9 mm, anterior wing length 2.4 mm (Fig. 24A).

Head. Similar to male; differences in measures can be sexual dimorphism. Distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of scapal basin 2.5× MOD. OOL 1.6× MOD; POL 2.5× MOD; MS× 1.3 MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.3:0.6:0.6.

Mesosoma. Similar to male. Medial pronotal furrow shallow and reaching half of pronotal length, in correspondence of posterior margin of golden area (Fig. 24C); mesoscutellum with small punctures on antero-median triangular area; scutellar-metanotal suture deep, formed by large punctures; mesopleuron with episternal sulcus formed by small foveae.

Metasoma. Metasoma with even, medium sized punctures, smaller than those on male metasoma, with narrow, polished interspaces (Fig. 24D); apical margin of third tergum with weak median indentation (Fig. 24E); black spots on second sternum subrectangular, as long as two-thirds of segment length, medially fused (Fig. 24F).

Coloration. Female has a basic colour pattern of Chrysis leachii female (Fig. 24A) with two main deviations: scutellum with contrasting green median line (fully golden in C. leachii) and first metasomal tergum with anterior golden area interrupted medially by blue colour (Fig. 24D) (continuous in C. leachii). Scapus and pedicel metallic green in both sexes, first flagellomere metallic green in male; other flagellomeres blackish.

Vestiture. Both sexes with head and mesosoma dorsally with relatively long, dense greyish to whitish setae as long as 1× MOD to 1.5× MOD; legs with short (1× MOD), erect, whitish setae; metasoma dorsally with short (1× MOD) whitish setae, laterally erect, longer, as long as 1.5× MOD.

Etymology. The specific epithet media derives from the Latin adjective medius (middle) and the Latin adjective signatus (spotty) and refers to the scutellar colour pattern of female, golden-red with a green median stripe becoming larger at base.

Distribution. *Iran (Qazvin).

Chrysis mesasiatica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912

Chrysis rutilans var. asiatica Mocsáry, 1889:448, nom. praeocc., nec Radoszkowski, 1889. Syntypes ♀♀; Turkmenistan: Ashkabad (depository unknown) (splendidula group).

Chrysis rutilans var. mesasiatica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912:194. Replacement name for C. asiatica Mocsáry, 1889, nec Radoszkowski, 1889.

Chrysis rutilans var. asiatica Mocsáry, 1889 = Chrysis decora Radoszkowski, 1877: Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:402.

Chrysis decora Mocsáry, 1887; Rosa et al., 2013:19 (Tehran); Ebrahimi, 2015:26 (Markazi).

Chrysis mesasiatica: Rosa, 2018a:2. Reinstated and upgraded to species rank.

Distribution. Iran (Markazi, Tehran). Caucasus, Palestine, Türkiye; Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Remarks. Chrysis mesasiatica Semenov was reinstated and upgraded to species rank by Rosa (2018a).

Figure 23. Chrysis mediasignata Rosa, sp. nov., male, holotype. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Metasoma, dorsal view; E. Metasoma, posterior view; F–G. Genital capsule.

Chrysis millenaris Mocsáry, 1897

Chrysis millenaris Mocsáry, 1897:645. Lectotype ♀ designated by Móczár 1965:166; Hungary: Budapest (Budapest) (millenaris group).

Chrysis millenaris: Rosa et al., 2013:25 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (Kerman). Central and South-eastern Europe (Linsenmaier, 1959a), Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Figure 24. Chrysis mediasignata Rosa, sp. nov., female, paratype. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Metasoma, dorsal view; E. Metasoma, posterior view;
F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis minutissima Radoszkowski, 1876

Chrysis minutissima Radoszkowski, 1876:147. Holotype ♀; Egypt (Krakow) (succincta group).

Chrysis minutissima: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:21 (Fars); Farzaneh et al., 2017:498 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Northern Africa, Middle East (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

Chrysis mirabilis Radoszkowsky, 1877

Chrysis mirabilis Radoszkowsky, 1877:106. Syntypes ♂♂ [not holotype]; Caucasus (Berlin, Kraków) (facialis group).

Material examined. 1♂, 1♀, Kohgiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad, Sisaht env., 2400m, Dena Nat. Reserve, 30°52'46''N, 51°25'12''E, 14–16.v.2013, leg. D. Baiocchi (PRC); 1♀, Lorestan province: 10km SW of Dorud, 1520m, 27.v.2014, leg. J. Halada (MHC); 1♀, Gilan province: 5 km E Rudbar, 400m, 8.vi.2014, leg. J. Halada (MHC).

Distribution. *Iran (Gilan, Lorestan, Kohgiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad). Caucasus (Radoszkowsky, 1877), Crimea (Rosa et al., 2017b).

Chrysis mirifica Balthasar, 1953

Chrysis mirifica Balthasar, 1953:264. Holotype ♂; Palestine: Wadi el Kelt (Prague) (exsecata group).

Chrysis dawahi Strumia in Strumia & Dawah, 2012:174 (Saudi Arabia); Falahatpisheh et al., 2020:31 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Palestine (Balthasar, 1953), Saudi Arabia (Strumia & Dawah, 2012), United Arab Emirates (Strumia, 2014).

Remarks. Chrysis dawahi Strumia (listed by Falahatpisheh et al., 2020 for Iran) was synonymised with C. mirifica Balthasar by Rosa et al. (2020a). However, this action was unnecessary because in the original description of C. dawahi, the name and location of the collection housing the holotype were omitted, thereby not complying with Article 16.4.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN, 1999). Consequently, Chrysis dawahi is not correctly described and must be considered as unavailable and nomen nudum.

Chrysis mossulensis Abeille de Perrin & du Buysson, 1887 (Figs 25A–E, H)

Chrysis erratica mossulensis Abeille de Perrin & du Buysson [in du Buysson], 1887:190. Syntypes ♀; Iraq: Mosul (Paris).

Material examined. 1♂, Khorasan-e Razavi province: 33 km W of Sabzvaran [=Sabzevar], 1100m, 6.-7.v.1973, locality n°189, Exp. Nat. Mus. Praha (NHMP).

Distribution. *Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi). Iraq (Rosa, 2024).

Remarks. The specimen examined is a male and its identification is doubtful. As recently shown by Rosa (2024), the fuscipennis group (ex angolensis group) includes several species whose distinction is based on the shape of the genital capsule, the transverse frontal carina, the body punctation and the shape of the lower mesopleuron. The Iranian specimen does not match the African specimen of C. callaina Gribodo, 1884 for the different shape of the head (Fig. 25A), which is similar to C. fuscipennis, and the genital capsule (Fig. 25E), which is more elongate with acute inner angles of gonocoxae. It does not match the Oriental C. erratica Abeille de Perrin & du Buysson, 1887 for the shape of the transverse frontal carina curved and the genital capsule elongate and it does not match C. fuscipennis s.str. for the dense, coarse punctures. The only possibility is that this is the unknown male of C. mossulensis, which is separated from the female by the downcurved frontal carina, and pointed teeth of the lower mesopleuron. More material of both sexes is needed for a correct identification and sex association.

Chrysis musa Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954 (Figs 26A–E, 27A–F)

Chrysis (Hexachrysis) musa Semenov in Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954:133. Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:441; Iran: Megas [possibly Magas Khani in Gilan province) (St. Petersburg) (smaragdula group).

Chrysis musa: Rosa et al., 2013:25 (Iran).

Material examined. 1♀, Hormozgan, Ramkan, 26°52'25''N, 56°01'07''E, 14.v.2012, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC); 1♀, idem, 24.iv.2012; 1♂, Zakin, 3.viii.2012, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan, Gilan). Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954).

Figure 25. Chrysis mossulensis Abeille de Perrin & du Buysson, 1887, male. A. Head, frontal view;
B. Pronotum and mesoscutum, dorsal view; C. Mesopleuron, lateral view; D. Metasoma, dorsal view; E. Genital capsule, dorsal view; F. Genital capsule of Chrysis callaina Gribodo, 1879, from Zambia, dorsal view; G. Genital capsule of Chrysis fuscipennis Brullé, 1846 from Cina, dorsal view; H. Metasoma, ventral view.

Remarks. The coloration of the specimens collected in Hormozgan is remarkably different, being fully purplish (Figs 26, 27) similarly to Chrysis jousseaumei du Buysson, 1898 (Fig. 26F), instead of green with blue bands, as in the type series. This unusual colour form was recently observed in specimens collected in India from Hyderabad (Rosa, 2023b). Also in this case, the habitus and body colour are similar to Chrysis jousseaumei but the body sculpture and the saw-like lower mesopleuron (Fig. 26E) are similar to C. musa and not to C. jousseaumei, which is characterised by a single, sharp tooth on mesopleuron (Fig. 26F). More material is needed to confirm the identification of these Iranian and Indian specimens, which could belong to an undescribed species.

Figure 26. Chrysis musa Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954, male. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Third tergum, posterior view; D. Metasoma, ventral view; E. Mesopleuron, lateral view; F. Mesopleuron of C. jousseaumei, lateral view, the arrow pointing to the single, sharp tooth.

Figure 27. Chrysis musa Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954, female. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Third tergum, postero-lateral view; D. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis mutabilis du Buysson, 1887

Chrysis mutabilis du Buysson, 1887:194. Lectotype ♂ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:441; Palestine: Tiberias (Paris) (cerastes group).

Chrysis hyrcana Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:167. Holotype ♀♀; Iran: Gorgan [former Astrabad] (St. Petersburg).

Chrysis mutabilis: Rosa et al., 2013:26 (East-Azarbaijan); Ebrahimi, 2015:29 (Ardabil).

Distribution. Iran (Ardabil, East-Azarbaijan). Cyprus, Caucasus, Middle East, Palestine, Türkiye, Kazakhstan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis mysta du Buysson, 1900

Chrysis mysta du Buysson, 1900:152. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Jericho (Paris) (succincta group).

Chrysis mysta: Farhad et al., 2015b:39 (Hormozgan); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:22 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Hormozgan). Palestine, Southern Russia, Syria, Türkiye, Middle East and Central Asia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis orienticola Linsenmaier, 1994 (Figs 32C, 32G)

Chrysis (Chrysis) orienticola Linsenmaier, 1994:175. Holotype ♀; Iran: Bandar Abbas (London) (subsinuata group).

Chrysis orienticola Rosa et al., 2013:26 (Hormozgan).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan). Oman (Linsenmaier, 1994).

Chrysis palliditarsis Spinola, 1838

Chrysis palliditarsis Spinola, 1838:449. Holotype ♂; Egypt (Turin) (scutellaris group).

Chrysis palliditarsis: Farhad et al., 2015b:39 (Hormozgan); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:22 (Fars); Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Farzaneh et al., 2017:498 (Fars); Falahatpisheh et al., 2020:31 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Hormozgan). Palestine, Middle East; Central Asia; Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1959a); Arabian Peninsula (Rosa et al., 2020a); Afrotropical (Madl & Rosa, 2012).

Chrysis parthorum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Chrysis (Gonodontochrysis) parthorum Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:161. Holotype ♂ [nec ♀]; Iran: Semnan province, Shahrud, 15.v.1914, A. Kirichenko (St. Petersburg) (rufitarsis group).

Chrysis parthorum: Rosa et al., 2013:26 (Semnan).

Distribution. Iran (Semnan) (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967).

Chrysis peri Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov. (Fig. 28A–F)

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:F9B51A42-D6D9-46F5-9603-0B03BC49630F

Material examined. Holotype ♀; IRAN, Kerman province: env. Kangari, 29°17'52"N, 57°00'03"E, 2490m, 26.v.2015, leg. D. Baiocchi (MSNM).

Diagnosis. Chrysis peri sp. nov. belongs to the Chrysis succincta species-group. Main diagnostic characters are given by the combination of metasomal apical margin continuous, without teeth, undulations or incisions, and body colour greenish-red, red to rosy. This coloration can be found in other species distributed in the Middle East and Central Asia, such as Chrysis glasunovi Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967 and C. mysta du Buysson, 1900, but they have metasomal apical margin with four teeth. Several other species in the Mediterranean, the Middle East and Central Asia have continuous and edentate apical margin; however, Chrysis peri sp. nov. can be separated from: Chrysis israelia Linsenmaier, 1959 by its colour pattern similar to that of the C. leachii group, with head and pronotum blue, the latter with golden anterior margin; C. aurimaculifrons Linsenmaier, 1968 by its colour pattern, with head, metanotum, apical margin of third tergum and propodeum blue to green and with flame red, contrasting brow; C. striatifacialis Linsenmaier, 1968 by head with scapal basin largely micropunctate at sides, and by its colour pattern; finally, C. schousboei Dahlbom, 1854, often cited for the Middle East yet to be confirmed, has completed dark blue head, propodeum, apical margin after pit row and body ventral, and can also be separated by apical margin medially slightly trisinuate, in particular with a weak median notch.

Description. ¾ Holotype ♀ (Fig. 28A–F). Body length 6.0 mm, anterior wing length 3.0 mm (Fig. 28A).

Head. Brow with two rows of small (0.2–0.3× MOD) and medium punctures (0.5× MOD), between anterior ocellus and transverse frontal carina and with medium to large punctures (0.5–0.8× MOD) between carina and the upper margin of scapal basin (Fig. 28C); punctures below frontal carina irregular, contiguous to confluent each other (Fig. 28B); puncture on vertex and temples spaced, polished interspaces with small to medium punctures; punctation denser on ocelli area; posterior ocelli with lateral fovea, sinuous and as long as ocellus length; scapal basin typically deep and polished medially, densely and finely punctate laterally, each puncture bearing white seta; malar space finely and densely punctate; transverse frontal carina irregularly M-shaped, weak but clearly visible as a swollen, black line between punctures; genal carina sharp, fully developed from occiput to mandibular insertion; subantennal space short, 0.5 MOD; apex of clypeus straight, arcuate upwards with narrow dark brown rim; clypeus medially polished; punctures small and dense laterally, bearing a white seta. Distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of frontal carina 1.3× MOD; distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of scapal basin = 2.6× MOD. OOL 1.6× MOD; POL 2.0× MOD; MS 0.8× MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.5:0.8:0.8.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal furrow deep, reaching ¾ of pronotal length; pronotum with small to large punctures (0.2–07× MOD), with deep punctures becoming shallow towards basal margin; with narrow polished interspaces; apical margin with row of small punctures; punctures on median area of mesoscutum spaced, large (up to 0.8× MOD) and shallow basally, with scattered small punctures, at most 0.3× MOD on polished interspaces (Fig. 28C); punctation on lateral areas of mesoscutum with denser and deeper punctures, anyway becoming shallower basally; notauli formed by deep, metallic, small sub-square to round foveae; parapsidal signum deep and distinct; punctation on scutellum with large, shallow and spaced punctures anteromedially, denser and deeper along margins; scutellar-metanotal suture deep, formed by deep and elongate foveae; metanotum with dense and deep large punctures medially, with dense and small punctures along margins; posterior propodeal projections divergent; mesopleuron with episternal sulcus formed by large subsquare foveae, confluent each other and as large as other punctures on mesepimeron (Fig. 28D).

Metasoma. First tergum with even, medium sized punctures, denser on first half and becoming sparser on the second half, laterally; second tergum with slightly larger punctures basally, denser apico-medially, with narrow interspaces between punctures; laterally and on second half of tergum with spaced and smaller punctures, and larger, polished interspaces up 2 puncture diameters; longitudinal median carina weak, in the first half marked by row of dense dots (Fig. 28E); third tergum with shallow punctures, with small punctures on interspaces; apical margin continuous, without protrusion or sinuosities, with narrow brownish rim; pits of pit row large, shallow, metallic; black spots on second sternum large, covering 2/3 of sternum length; spot margin straight; spots completely fused medially (Fig. 28F).

Colouration. Body colour greenish-red, red to rosy; head greenish with golden reflections dorsally, face green; metanotum and propodeum greenish with rosy reflections, as legs and lateral side of mesosoma; metasoma red to rosy dorsally and ventrally; scape, pedicel and first flagellum basally metallic green, the rest of flagellum blackish; wings hyaline, with brown veins.

Vestiture. Head dorsally with short, dense greyish to whitish setae as long as 1× MOD; ventrally with long white setae, at least 1.5× MOD long; mesosoma dorsally with setae as long as 1.5× MOD, long and erects on metasoma laterally with erect and long (1.5–2.0× MOD) whitish setae.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific epithet peri (noun in apposition) is named after peris (peri singular), beautiful winged spirits originating in Iranian mythology. They became benevolent spirits under Islamic influence, in contrast to demons, such as jinn and divs. The world parī comes from the Middle Persian parīg, itself from Old Persian parikā. The word may stem from the same root as the Persian word par (wing). Peris can be found in Persian folklore and poetry, in romances and epics and with the spread of Islam through Persia, peri was integrated into Islamic folklore.

Distribution. *Iran (Kerman).

Chrysis pharaonum Mocsáry, 1882

Chrysis refulgens Klug, 1845:fig. 8, Tav. 45, nom. praeocc., nec Spinola, 1808. Type unknown; Somalia (Berlin) (pallidicornis group).

Chrysis pharaonum Mocsáry, 1882:46. Replacement name for Chrysis refulgens Klug, 1845.

Chrysis pharaonum: Rosa et al., 2013:26.

Distribution. Iran (Linsenmaier, 1959a). Palestine, Egypt, Ethiopia, Somalia, and Sudan (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1999).

Chrysis prosuccincta Linsenmaier, 1968

Chrysis (Chrysis) prosuccincta Linsenmaier, 1968:70. Holotype ♂; Türkiye: Konya (Luzern) (succincta group).

Chrysis prosuccincta: Rosa et al., 2013:27 (Qazvin).

Chrysis succincta Linnaeus, 1761:947; Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:23 (Fars, misidentification).

Distribution. Iran (Qazvin). Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Figure 28. Chrysis peri Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov., female, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis pseudobrevitarsis Linsenmaier, 1951

Chrysis ignita var. pseudobrevitarsis Linsenmaier, 1951:79. Lectotype ♀ designated by Linsenmaier, 1959a:158; Switzerland: Wallis (Luzern) (ignita group).

Material examined. 2♀♀, Mazandaran province: 1 km NW Kinj, 36°24'14.4"N, 51°30'54"E, 22.iv.2019, 1600m, leg. O. Šauša (MHC).

Distribution. *Iran (Mazandaran). Palaearctic species, known from Western Europe to Siberia and Mongolia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis pseudoincisa Balthasar, 1953

Chrysis pseudoincisa Balthasar, 1953:272. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Jerusalem (Prague) (rufitarsis group).

Chrysis pseudoincisa: Rosa, 2020:466 (Mazandaran), 474 (fig. 10).

Distribution. Iran (Mazandaran). Cyprus, Middle East (Rosa, 2020).

Chrysis regina du Buysson, 1887

Chrysis regina du Buysson, 1887:186. Lectotype ♂ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:456; Persia (Paris) (cerastes group).

Chrysis regina: Rosa et al., 2013:28 (Mazandaran).

Chrysis psittacina du Buysson, 1887: Rosa et al., 2013:27 (Persia).

Distribution. Iran (Mazandaran).

Remarks. Chrysis psittacina was synonymised with Chrysis regina by Rosa (2024).

Chrysis remota Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) remota Mocsáry in Radoszkowski, 1889:21. Lectotype ♂ designated by Rosa et al., 2015d:50; Caucasus; Iran: Demavend (Kraków) (graelsii group).

Chrysis remota: Rosa et al., 2013:28 (Demavend).

Distribution. Iran (Tehran).

Chrysis robertsi Rosa, 2020 (Fig. 29A–D)

Chrysis (Chrysis) viridicyanea Linsenmaier, 1968:63, nec Giebel, 1862. Holotype ♀; Egypt: Cairo (succincta group) (NMLU). Linsenmaier, 1999:150 (key), 155 (descr.).

Chrysis viridicyanea Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:477.

Chrysis robertsi Rosa [in Rosa & Greef], 2020: replacement name for Chrysis viridicyanea Linsenmaier, 1959, nec Giebel, 1862.

Material examined. 1♀, Fars province: Shiraz, 29.V.2013, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC).

Distribution. *Iran (Fars). Egypt, Lybia, Saudi Arabia (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Chrysis rubricata Mocsáry, 1902

Chrysis rubricata Mocsáry, 1902:340. Lectotype ♂, designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:457; Egypt: Cairo (Budapest) (rubricata group).

Chrysis rubricata: Rosa et al., 2013:28 (East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Kuhgiloyeh & Boyerahmad). Egypt (Rosa, 2004a).

Remarks. Iranian records do not match the typical Egyptian Chrysis rubricata, nevertheless, they do not match the similarly coloured Chrysis darii Mocsáry either. They possibly belong to an undescribed species.

Chrysis ruddii Shuckard, 1837

Chrysis ruddii Shuckard, 1837:163. Syntypes [series unknown]; England (lost) (ignita group).

Chrysis ruddii: Rosa et al., 2013:28 (Persia).

Distribution. Iran (without locality). Euroasian, from Europe to Türkiye, Caucasus and Urals; in the south only on mountains (Rosa et al., 2013).

Figure 29. Chrysis robertsi Rosa, 2000, female. A. mesosoma, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view;
C. Metasoma, dorsal view; D. Metasoma, posterior view.

Chrysis rufitarsis Brullé, 1833

Chrysis rufitarsis Brullé, 1833:375. Syntypes ♂, ♀♀; Greece: Peloponnese: “forêt de Koubeh” (Paris) (rufitarsis group).

Chrysis rufitarsis: Rosa et al., 2013:28 (Persia).

Distribution. Iran (without locality). West-Palaearctic, from Europe to the Caucasus; Northern Africa: Morocco, Tunisia (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968, 1999); Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan (Tarbinsky, 2002b).

Chrysis rufitarsis progressa Linsenmaier, 1959

Chrysis (Chrysis) rufitarsis progressa Linsenmaier, 1959a:138. Holotype ♀; Palestine (Luzern) (rufitarsis group).

Chrysis rufitarsis progressa: Rosa et al., 2013:29 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Palestine (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968), Türkiye (Strumia & Yildirim, 2009).

Chrysis rutilans Olivier, 1790 (Fig. 30A–F)

Chrysis rutilans Olivier, 1790:676. Type unknown; France: Angoumois (Paris?) (splendidula group).

Material examined. 1♀, Gilan, Astaneh, Ashrafiye, 37°22'03''N, 49°57'57''E, 13.ix.2010, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC).

Distribution. *Iran (Gilan). Palaearctic, from Europe and Northern Africa to China and Japan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Figure 30. Chrysis rutilans Olivier, 1791, female. A. Habitus, lateral view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; E. Metasoma, posterior view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis sacrata du Buysson, 1898

Chrysis sacrata du Buysson, 1898a:140. Holotype ♀; Algeria: Biskra (Paris) (maculicornis group).

Chrysis sacrata: Iranmanesh et al., 2017:300 (Kerman), 301 (figs 3A, B).

Material examined. 15♂♂, 1♀, Golestan province: 70 km E of Minudasht, 37°15'36"N, 55°59'24"E, 1050m, 12.vi.2010, leg. Mi. Halada (MHC); 18♂♂, 6♀♀, Kerman province: Bardsir, 29°57'00"N, 56°34'48"E, 2050m, 6.vi.2010, leg. Mi. Halada (MHC).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan, Kerman).

Chrysis santschii Linsenmaier, 1959

Chrysis santschii Linsenmaier, 1959a:120. Holotype ♀; Tunisia (Zurich) (leachii group).

Chrysis santschii: Falahatpisheh et al., 2020:31 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Chrysis saraksensis Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis saraksensis Radoszkowski, 1891:195. Holotype ♂; Iran [not Turkmenistan]: Sarakhs (Kraków) (maculicornis group).

Chrysis seraxensis: Radoszkowski, 1893:81. Unjustified emendation (ICZN, 1999: Article 32.5.1).

Chrysis sarakhsensis: Bingham, 1908:349. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Chrysis saraksensis: Rosa et al., 2013:23 (East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Khorasan-e Razavi). Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan; U.A.E. (Rosa et al., 2020a)

Chrysis schencki Linsenmaier, 1968

Chrysis (Chrysis) ignita ssp. schenckiana Linsenmaier, 1959a:156, nom. praeocc., nec Mocsáry, 1912a. Holotype ♀; Switzerland: Graubundens (Luzern) (ignita group).

Chrysis (Chrysis) ignita ssp. schencki Linsenmaier, 1968:99. Replacement name for C. ignita schenckiana Linsenmaier, 1959, nom. praeocc., nec Mocsáry, 1912a.

Chrysis schencki: Rosa et al., 2013:29 (Golestan, Mazandaran); Rosa, 2020:466 (Gilan).

Distribution. Iran (Gilan, Golestan, Mazandaran). Europe, Türkiye; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis schousboei Dahlbom, 1854

Chrysis schousboei Dahlbom, 1854:272. Syntypes, sex unknown; Morocco: Tangier (Copenhagen) (succincta group).

Chrysis schousboei: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:22 (Khorasan).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan). Caucasus, Türkiye; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis schwarzi Linsenmaier, 1968

Chrysis concolor schwarzi Linsenmaier, 1968:51. Holotype ♀; Türkiye (Luzern) (varidens group).

Chrysis concolor schwarzi: Rosa et al., 2013:18 (East-Azarbaijan, Lorestan); Farhad et al., 2015b:37 (Hormozgan).

Chrysis schwarzi: Farhad et al., 2019:1008 (key, fig. 2A), 1009 (fig. 3C), 1011 (diag., East-Azarbaijan, Lorestan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Hormozgan, Lorestan). Middle East, Palestine (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis sefrensis du Buysson, 1900

Chrysis sefrensis du Buysson, 1900:150. Holotype ♀; Algeria (Paris) (facialis group).

Chrysis sefrensis: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:22 (Fars, Khorasan).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Khorasan). North-western Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia, Libya (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Chrysis semenovi Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis semenovi Radoszkowski, 1891:193. Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:461; Iran: Sarakhs (Krakow) (maculicornis group).

Chrysis semenovi: Rosa et al., 2013:29 (Khorasan-e Razavi).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi) (Radoszkowski, 1893).

Chrysis serva du Buysson, 1898

Chrysis serva du Buysson, 1898a:132. Holotype ♂; Egypt (Paris) (millenaris group).

Chrysis serva: Rosa et al., 2013:29 (Qazvin).

Distribution. Iran (Qazvin). Palestine, Saudi Arabia; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2020a).

Chrysis sexdentata Christ, 1791

Chrysis sexdentata Christ, 1791:404. Type [type series unknown]; type locality unknown (depository unknown) (smaragdula group).

Chrysis sexdentata: Rosa et al., 2013:29 (Khorasan-e Razavi).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi). West-Palaearctic: from Southern Europe to Türkiye and Central Asia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis simurgh Rosa, sp. nov. (Figs 31A–F, 32A, 32E)

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:7F3D8892-EAC2-471A-A5A3-AC296F1AC6B1

Material examined. Holotype ♀; IRAN, Qazvin province: Zereshk, 36°25'23"N, 50°06'37"E, 7.vii.2011, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC).

Diagnosis. Chrysis simurgh sp. nov. belongs to the subsinuata species group for: habitus; the peculiar shape of its first metasomal tergum, with a pair of submedian humps at front of dorsal area; apical margin of third tergum medially sinuate and laterally with corners; elongate structure of third tergum, and subparallel malar spaces; elongate black spots on second sternum. In the Middle East and Central Asia there are three species with similar shape and colouration: C. echidna Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967, C. hydra Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967, and C. orienticola Linsenmaier, 1994. Compared to these species, Chrysis simurgh sp. nov. can be recognised by the combination of following characters: deep and coarse punctation, in particular on metasomal terga (Figs 31E, 32A); punctation on first and second tergum antero-dorsally with large punctures, up to 0.8× MOD, decreasing in size towards apical margin (vs. even or small punctures in other species, Fig. 32B–D); interspaces on first and second tergum antero-dorsally narrow, somewhere with contiguous punctures (vs. punctures separated by even interspaces or with aligned punctures in C. orienticola, Fig. 32C); black spots on second sternum well visible, trapeziform larger apically than at base (Fig. 32E) (vs. greenish to faint in C. hydra and C. orienticola (Figs 32G, H), barely visible only under a certain light; or vaguely subrectangular in C. echidna, Fig. 32F); vestiture elongate and greyish dorsally (vs. whitish and short). Other diagnostic characters to separate Chrysis simurgh sp. nov. from C. echidna are: shape of mesopleural sulci, distinctly larger, and shape of genal carina, with different angle; however, these characters are based on limited number of specimens and should be evaluated on a larger number of records. The first group of characters is anyway considered enough to separate simurgh sp. nov. from other species.

Description. ¾ Holotype ♀ (Fig. 31A–F). Body length 7.9, anterior wing length 4.3 mm (Fig. 31A).

Head. Brow with dense and small punctures (0.2–0.4× MOD); punctures below the transverse frontal carina irregular and confluent; punctures on ocellar area smaller, on vertex slightly larger and sparser, with micropunctate interspaces; scapal basin impunctate medially but finely transversally wrinkled, at sides with dense micropunctures covering scapal basin and crescent in size towards compound eye; malar space fully and densely punctate with small punctures; clypeus fully micropuntate; apical rim slightly arcuate inwards and with a wide, triangular, brown apical rim medially; transverse frontal carina weakly defined but still visible and with slightly contrasting green colour, inverted-V shaped (Fig. 31B); genal carina sharp, straight, fully developed from occiput to mandibular insertion; malar space long (2.0× MOD) and convergent to clypeus; subantennal space long, 1.2× MOD; distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of frontal carina 0.7× MOD; OOL 1.8× MOD; POL 2.3× MOD; MS 2.0× MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.4:1.1:0.9.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal furrow very deep, similarly to species in the rufitarsis group, exceeding half of pronotal length; humeral angle straight; pronotum with deep and large punctures (0.5× MOD), with small dots and punctures on interspaces; punctation on mesoscutum deep, with large punctures (0.6× MOD) always separated by polished interspaces (0.2–1.0 puncture diameter) with small dots (Fig. 31C); notauli formed by deep, metallic, sub-rectangular foveae, as large as punctures at base of mesoscutum, decreasing towards apical margin; basal foveae of notauli fused to form an elongate one; parapsidal signum as deep line; lateral area of mesoscutum sculptured as median one, with large and deep punctures separated by dotted interspaces; scutellum with punctation similar to that of mesoscutum, with slightly smaller punctures; metanotum antero-medially with deep and wide fovea, punctures similar to those on mesoscutum, contiguous, almost without polished interspaced; posterior propodeal projections triangular, stubby, apically blunt; mesopleuron with deep sulci formed by large subsquare foveae, larger than punctures on segment (Fig. 31D).

Metasoma. First tergum typically elongate as for other members of this species group, almost as long as the second, with deep and coarse punctures at base and on two anteromedian humps; punctures becoming sparser and smaller laterally and apically, micropunctate on interspaces; first tergum with two wide micropunctate areas, without large punctures (Fig. 31E); densely punctate along apical margin; second tergum with deep, large and dense punctures dorsally, on basal half, decreasing in size towards apical margin, with wider interspaces; laterally with same sculpture, and more micropunctate on interspaces; longitudinal median carina faint, but along mid-line with aligned dense micropunctures (Fig. 31E); third tergum typically elongate (1.3 times longer than second tergum); punctation dense, deep, but with smaller punctures; pits of pit row large, deep and longitudinally elongate; apical margin medially sinuous and laterally with blunt angle; black spots on second sternum reaching half segment length; spots trapezoid, with inner margins distinctly obliquous and conspicuously distant each other (Fig. 32E).

Colouration. Body dark blue with greenish reflections; scape, pedicel and first flagellum metallic blue, the rest of flagellum blackish; wings hyaline, with light brown veins.

Vestiture. Head and mesosoma dorsally with dark, greyish long setae, as long as 1 to 1.5× MOD on head and 2× MOD on mesosoma; on metasoma dorsally with short, whitish setae (1× MOD), on second and third tergum laterally longer; very short, whitish setae on legs.

Male. Unknown.

Etymology. The specific epithet simurgh (noun in apposition) recalls the mythological bird Simurgh, equated with another mythological bird such as the phoenix. This mythological figure is found in all periods of Iranian art and the etymology probably derives from Middle Persian and originally means a raptor, like an eagle, a falcon, anyway a bird of prey. Another Asian cuckoo wasp was named after the phoenix by Semenov-Tian-Shanskij (1967): Spinolia phoenix.

Distribution. *Iran (Qazvin).

Chrysis singula Radoszkowski, 1891 (Fig. 33A–F)

Chrysis singula Radoszkowski, 1891:187. Syntypes ♀; Turkmenistan: Ashkabad (Berlin, Krakow) (succincta group).

Material examined. 1♀, Tehran province: Ab Ali [= Abali], 9–10.vii.[19]65, leg. Giordani Soika & Mavromoustakis (NMLU).

Distribution. Iran (Tehran). Caucasus, Central Asia, Russia (European part).

Remarks. The species listed in Rosa et al. (2013) was actually Chrysis grohmanni bolivari (see above), whereas the real Chrysis singula was located among the unidentified material and its identification was possible only after examination and comparison with the syntypes deposited in the Radoszkowski collection in Krakow and in Berlin. The Iranian specimen shows anyway some minor differences, such as the extremely large, confluent and shallow punctures on mesonotum that may suggest that this specimen belongs to another undescribed species. However, we could not find any other relevant diagnostic characters to separate it from the typical form, and we prefer to examine further material before taking any other action.

Figure 31. Chrysis simurgh Rosa, sp. nov., female, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasomal first and second tergum, dorsal view; F. Metasomal third tergum, posterior view.

Chrysis soror Dahlbom, 1854

Chrysis soror Dahlbom, 1854:240. Syntypes ♂♂; Greece: Rhodes Is. (Stockholm) (scutellaris group).

Chrysis scutellaris var. gracilis Trautmann, 1927:177, nom. praeocc., nec Schenck, 1856. Type unknown; Türkiye: Anatolia (Berlin?).

Figure 32. A–D. Metasoma, dorsal view; A. Chrysis simurgh Rosa, sp. nov.; B. C. echidna Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967; C. C. orienticola Linsenmaier, 1994; D. C. hydra Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967; E–H. Metasoma, ventral view; E. Chrysis simurgh Rosa, sp. nov.; F. C. echidna Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967;
G. C. orienticola Linsenmaier, 1994; H. C. hydra Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967.

Chrysis (Chrysis) soror gracilia Linsenmaier, 1959a:125. Repl. name for gracilis Trautmann, 1927.

Chrysis soror calandra Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:167; Rosa et al., 2013:30 (Alborz, East-Azarbaijan, Golestan); Ebrahimi, 2015:31 (East-Azarbaijan).

Chrysis soror gracilia: Iranmanesh et al., 2017:300 (Kerman).

Chrysis soror: Rosa, 2020:467 (Golestan).

Material examined. 1♂, Qazvin, Zereshk, 361m., 36°25'23''N, 50°06'37''E, 6.vii.2011, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, East-Azarbaijan, Golestan, Kerman). From South-eastern Europe, to Middle-East and Central Asia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis speciosa Radoszkowski, 1877

Chrysis speciosa Radoszkowski, 1877:17. Lectotype ♂, designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:464; Uzbekistan: Tashkent desert (Moscow) (maculicornis group).

Chrysis fulvicornis Mocsáry, 1889:373; Rosa et al., 2013:21; Farhad et al., 2015b:38 (Hormozgan).

Material examined. 1♀, Hormozgan, Ramkan, 26°52'25''N, 56°01'07''E, 13.vii.2012, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC); 1♀, idem, 24.iv.2012 (TMUC); 1♂, Zakin, 3.viii.2012, leg. A. Ameri (TMUC).

Figure 33. Chrysis singula Radoszkowski, 1891. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan). Greece, Jordan, Palestine; Central Asia: Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Remarks. Chrysis fulvicornis Mocsáry was synonymised with Chrysis speciosa Radoszkowski by Rosa et al. (2015d).

Chrysis splendidula Rossi, 1790

Chrysis splendidula Rossi, 1790:78. Syntypes [not holotype] ♂♂ ; Italy: Tuscany (Berlin) (splendidula group).

Chrysis cyanopyga var. chlorisans du Buysson, 1895:534. Holotype ♂; Greece: Aegina (Paris) (splendidula group).

Chrysis splendidula chlorisans: Rosa et al., 2013:31 (Gilan, Tehran); Ebrahimi, 2015:32 (Alborz).

Chrysis splendidula: Rosa, 2020:467 (Khorasan-e Razavi).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Gilan, Khorasan-e Razavi, Tehran). Caucasus, Cyprus, Palestine, and Western Asia (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Remarks. The Iranian specimens belong to Chrysis splendidula chlorisans, which is the eastern colour form of Chrysis splendidula Rossi, 1790 with greenish males.

Chrysis stilboides Spinola, 1838

Chrysis stilboides Spinola, 1838:446. Holotype ♀; Egypt (Turin) (oculata group).

Chrysis stilboides: Ebrahimi, 2015:32 (Alborz); Farzaneh et al., 2017:499 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Fars). Palaearctic: from Northern Africa to Türkiye and India; Afrotropical: widespread; Oriental: from India to Thailand (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

Chrysis subanalis Linsenmaier, 1968

Chrysis subanalis Linsenmaier, 1968:94. Holotype ♂; Greece: Lidoriki (Luzern) (comparata group).

Chrysis subanalis: Rosa et al., 2013:31 (East-Azarbaijan, Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Mazandaran). Greece (Linsenmaier, 1968), Türkiye (Strumia & Yildirim, 2009).

Chrysis subdistincta Linsenmaier, 1968

Chrysis (Chrysis) subdistincta Linsenmaier, 1968:110. Holotype ♂; Transcaspia (Luzern) (maculicornis group).

Chrysis subdistincta: Ebrahimi, 2015:33 (Alborz).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz). Asiatic, from Transcaspia to China (Rosa et al., 2017f).

Chrysis subincisa Linsenmaier, 1959

Chrysis (Chrysis) subincisa Linsenmaier, 1959a:140. Holotype ♂; Palestine (Luzern) (rufitarsis group).

Chrysis (Chrysis) subincisa: Rosa et al., 2013:31 (Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Mazandaran). Palestine and Türkiye (Strumia & Yildirim, 2009); Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1999).

Chrysis sybarita persis Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) sybarita var. persis Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:166. Holotype ♂; Kizaabad [according to Bobrinskoi, 1940: between Qazvin and Manjil], 16.v.1904, N. Zarudny (St. Petersburg) (graelsii group).

Chrysis graelsii Guérin-Meneville, 1842:148; Rosa et al., 2013:21 (Qazvin).

Chrysis jaxartis Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1910:222; Rosa et al., 2013:23 (Tehran).

Distribution. Iran (Qazvin, Tehran) (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967).

Remarks. In Rosa et al. (2013) two similar species were listed: Chrysis graelsii (with Chrysis sybarita persis as one of its synonyms, following the interpretation of Kimsey & Bohart, 1991) and C. jaxartis (based on Linsenmaier’s identification of a specimen from Elburz found at the Luzern Museum). The type of Chrysis sybarita persis was examined later in St. Petersburg (Rosa et al., 2017a) and is not conspecific with C. graelsii but is more closely related to the Central European and Western Asian Chrysis sybarita (revalidated by Wiesbauer et al., 2020) based, among the others, on the shape of the apical teeth. Linsenmaier didn’t know and never reported Chrysis sybarita persis in his publications, therefore the identification of the Iranian specimen in his collection needs to be newly evaluated. For the moment, we consider only Chrysis sybarita persis in Iran, pending a complete morphological and genetic study, and taking into consideration that more species of this group may be anyway present in the country.

Chrysis sznabli Radoszkowski, 1891

Chrysis sznabli Radoszkowski, 1891:196. Holotype [sex unknown]; Iran: Sarakhs (Krakow) (viridula group).

Chrysis Schnabli: Radoszkowski, 1893:81. Invalid emendation of Chrysis sznabli Radoszkowski, 1891.

Chrysis sznabli: Rosa et al., 2013:31 (Khorasan-e Razavi).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi) (Radoszkowski, 1891).

Chrysis taczanovskii Radoszkowsky, 1877

Chrysis taczanovskii Radoszkowsky, 1877:146. Holotype ♀; Egypt (Kraków) (taczanovskii group).

Chrysis taczanowskyi: Dalla Torre, 1892:101. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Chrysis taczanovskii: Rosa et al., 2013:32 (East-Azarbaijan); Ebrahimi, 2015:34 (East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). Cyprus, South-eastern Europe, Portugal, Spain; Palestine, Syria, Türkiye; Northern Africa: Egypt (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis taurica Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Tetrachrysis) taurica Mocsáry, 1889:345. Holotype ♀; Ukraine: Crimea (Kraków) (varidens-ragusae group).

Chrysis taurica: Falahatpisheh et al., 2021:31 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Crimea, Cyprus, Crete, South-European Russia, Türkiye (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991; Özbek & Strumia, 2018).

Remarks. Strumia & Yıldırım (2009) treated Chrysis ragusae and C. taurica as separate species, which were later regarded as synonyms by Rosa et al. (2015d). The two taxa have different male genitalia according to Linsenmaier (1959a, figs. 264–265) yet recent findings of the first author do not support Linsenmaier’s interpretation of the species. C. ragusae was listed from East Anatolia and the Mediterranean region by Özbek & Strumia (2018). Species inquirenda.

Chrysis titanica Rosa, sp. nov. (Figs 16C, 34A–H, 35A–G)

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D235865C-127D-48A2-A112-CC639C9670E6

Material examined. Holotype ♂; IRAN, Kerman province: env. Jebel Barez Mts, 2500m, 35 km N of Balvard, env. of Shaldan village, 6.vi.2017, leg. J. Simandl (MSNM). Paratypes: 1♀: same data, locality and collector (PRC); 1♂, Kerman province: env. Jebel Barez Mts, 2500m, 35 km N of Balvard, env. of Shaldan village, 6.vi.2017, leg. J. Simandl (MHC); 2♂♂, 1♀, East Azerbaijan province: 10 km E Shabestar, Sis, 38°15'36"N, 45°51'36"E, 1540m; 19.vi.2010, leg. Michal Halada (MHC).

Diagnosis. Chrysis titanica sp. nov. belongs to the succincta species group and is related to another two species known for the Middle East, Chrysis coa Invrea, 1939, and Caucasus, Chrysis vinokurovi Rosa, 2017. The male can be immediately recognised by the unique shape of its genital capsule (Figs 16C, 34A), with inner margins on gonocoxae subparallel, fully covering the aedeagus, excluding its pointed apical part, and ending with a convex upper margin and short gonostylus (vs. inner margins oblique, leaving the aedeagus fully exposed and with elongate gonostylus in the other two species: C. coa (Figs 16D), C. vinokurovi, see online images at Chrysis.net; it can be also separated by the shape of the black spots on second tergum, which are round and clearly separate medially (Fig. 34H) (vs. rectangular and fully fused medially), whereas it can separated from Iranian males of C. coa by the trisinuate apical margin (Fig. 34G) (vs. continuous in C. coa). The female can be separated from C. coa by bisinuate apical margin with median protrusion (Fig. 35E) (vs. simple, continuous, arched) and from C. vinokurovi for the sparse and large punctures on the metasoma (vs. small and dense punctures) and the colour pattern typical of C. succincta, with green head and mesosoma, and red scutum, and metasoma (vs. dark blue to black on head and mesosoma, with golden anterior margin of pronotum; with a large, median black spot on first and second tergum basally, and apical margin after pit row blackish, contrasting with the red colour of third tergum). Finally, both male and female of C. titanica measure 11.0 mm, being the largest species in the succicnta group (vs. C. vinokurovi maximum length recorded = 10.0 mm and C. coa = 9.0 mm).

Description. ¾ Holotype ♂ (Figs 16C, 34A–H). Body length 11.0 mm, wing length 5.5 mm (Fig. 34A).

Head. Brow, vertex and ocelli area with dense and small punctures (0.2–0.3× MOD); punctures sparser and larger between posterior ocellus and compound eye, with small punctures on interspaces; posterior ocelli with postero-lateral deep and elongate fovea, as long as ocellum length, appearing as two large foveae medially fused each other (Fig. 34D); transverse frontal carina with unique shape in this species-group, weakly raised, circular and embracing anterior ocellus (Fig. 34C); scapal basin deep and densely micropunctate, each puncture bearing white, long seta; scapal basin impunctate below declivitous part and along median longitudinal line; impunctate and polished on preclypear area; malar space finely and densely punctate; genal carina sharp, fully developed from occiput to mandibular insertion; subantennal space short, 0.7× MOD; apex of clypeus straight, slightly arcuate upwards with parallel, narrow dark brown rim. Distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of scapal basin = 2.2× MOD. OOL 2.1× MOD; POL 2.0× MOD; MS 0.8× MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.9:1.0:1.0.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal furrow as deep line, reaching half pronotal length; pronotal punctures dense, contiguous with small punctures intermixed, punctures as large as those on temples or slightly larger; punctures on mesonotum widely spaced (Fig. 34A), with polished interspaces up to 1 puncture diameter, relatively denser on lateral areas of mesoscutum; notauli formed by deep, black, sub-rectangular foveae, as large as larger punctures on mesoscutum and decreasing towards anterior margin; parapsidal signum deep and elongate; scutellum antero-medially largely polished, on average with larger punctures, distinctly spaced and small punctures on interspaces; scutellar-metanotal suture deep, formed by longitudinally elongate foveae; metanotum with larger, deeper and denser punctures; posterior propodeal projections sub-parallel, pointing downwards; mesopleuron with episternal sulcus formed by large sub-square foveae, larger than other punctures on segment, as large as two mesopleural punctures together (Fig. 34B).

Metasoma. First tergum with even, larger punctures on basal half, equally spaced, becoming smaller on marginal area; second tergum with large, even punctures covering almost all segment (Fig. 34G), denser antero-dorsally, with small punctures on interspaces; longitudinal median carina on second tergum weak, but visible as golden-red line (Fig. 34F); third tergum with similar punctures, pits of pit row round, black, considerably deep and large, as large as two of the larger punctures together; apical margin with three undulations and with narrow, brownish rim (Fig. 34G); spots on second sternum oval, relatively small compared to similar species, medially separated by at least 1× MOD (Fig. 34H).

Colouration. Body entirely green, with golden-green reflection on face and vertex, lateral areas of mesoscutum and metasoma dorsally; third tergum red, probably due to post mortem effect (whole metasoma expected to be red in nature); metasomal venter red; scape, pedicel and first flagellomere metallic green, rest of flagellum blackish; wings ambrate medially, with dark brown veins.

Vestiture. Head and mesosoma dorsally with short, sparse whitish setae as long as 1.0 to 1.5× MOD; legs with long (1.5× MOD), erect and whitish setae; metasoma laterally with sparse, whitish setae.

Female (Paratype). Body length 11.0 mm, wing length 6.2 mm (Fig. 34A, 34B).

Head. Brow, vertex and ocelli area with slightly larger punctures (0.3–0.4× MOD); similar punctation on temples and with elongate fovea, as long as ocellum length; transverse frontal carina weakly raised, similar to male; scapal basin deep and polished, laterally punctate, each puncture bearing short, white seta; malar space densely punctate, as clypeus laterally; genal carina sharp similar to male; subantennal space short, 0.8× MOD; apex of clypeus straight, slightly arcuate upwards with parallel, narrow dark brown rim. Distance between anterior ocellus and upper margin of scapal basin = 2.5× MOD. OOL 1.6× MOD; POL 1.8× MOD; MS 1.0× MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:1.2:0.6:0.6.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal furrow, punctures on pronotum and mesonotum and metanotum, posterior propodeal projections and other characters as in male.

Metasoma. Sculpture as in male, apical margin of third tergum appearing triangulate, with two lateral blunt corners and a median protrusion apically truncate; apical margin bordered by brownish rim; spots on second large, covering ¾ of sternum length, medially fused and with oblique margin (Fig. 35G).

Colouration. Female with mesoscutum golden-red to golden-greenish.

Vestiture. Head and mesosoma dorsally with short, sparse whitish setae as long as 1.0 to 1.5× MOD; legs with long (1.5× MOD), erect and whitish setae; metasoma laterally with sparse, whitish setae. Pubescence denser in female.

Etymology. The specific epithet titanica (feminine adjective) is related to the exceptional size of this species, reaching 11.0 mm.

Distribution. *Iran (Kerman, East-Azerbaijan).

Chrysis transcaspica Mocsáry, 1889

Chrysis (Gonochrysis) transcaspica Mocsáry, 1889:306. Holotype ♀; Transcaspia (Kraków) (elegans group).

Chrysis transcaspica: Rosa et al., 2013:32 (Iran).

Distribution. Iran (without locality). Middle East, Palestine; Central Asia (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Chrysis turcica (du Buysson, 1908b)

Gonochrysis peninsularis var. turcica du Buysson, 1908b:208. Holotype ♀; Türkiye (Paris) (succincta group).

Chrysis turcica: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:23 (Golestan).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan). Türkiye (du Buysson, 1908b).

Figure 34. Chrysis titanica Rosa, sp. nov., male, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, lateral view; C. Head, frontal view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Genital capsule, dorsal view; F. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; G. Metasoma, dorsal view; H. Metasoma, ventral view.

Figure 35. Chrysis titanica Rosa, sp. nov. female, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Habitus, lateral view; C. Head, frontal view; D. Head, dorsal view; E. Metasoma, dorsal view; F. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; G. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysis turcomana Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954

Chrysis (Glossochrysis) turcomana Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954:117. Holotype ♂; Turkmenistan: Imam-baba (St. Petersburg) (ehrenbergi group).

Chrysis turcomana: Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:473. Lectotype designation: ♂; Turkmenistan: Imam-baba (St. Petersburg).

Material examined. 3♂♂, 2♀♀, Golestan province: 70 km E Minudasht, 37°15'36"N, 55°59'24"E, 1050m, 12.vi.2010, leg. Mi. Halada (MHC).

Distribution. *Iran (Golestan). Turkmenistan (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954).

Chrysis unirubra Strumia, 2015

Chrysis unirubra Strumia in Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:10. Holotype ♀; Iran: Fars, 7 km West of Dasht-e-Arzhan, 2050 m, 29˚38'N, 51˚54'E, 04–06.v.2008, leg. D. Gianasso (Strumia private coll.) (millenaris group).

Distribution. Iran (Fars).

Chrysis vachali du Buysson, 1900

Chrysis vachali du Buysson, 1900:140. Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991; Tunisia: Sfax (Paris) (bihamata group).

Chrysis vachali: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:24 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). North-western Africa: Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Chrysis verna Dahlbom, 1854

Chrysis verna Dahlbom, 1854:285. Holotype ♀; Greece: Rhodes Is. (depository unknown) (comparata group).

Chrysis verna: Farzaneh et al., 2017:499 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). South-eastern Europe, Crimea, Caucasus, Greece, Rhodes, Palestine (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysis villosa Rosa, 2022

Chrysis (Chrysis) ashabadensis: Linsenmaier, 1968:85 nec Radoszkowski, 1891 (elegans group).

Chrysis ashabadensis: Rosa et al., 2013:16 (Khorasan-e Razavi).

Chrysis villosa Rosa in Boustani & Rosa, 2022:25. Holotype ♀; Türkiye: Mut, 9.–13.vi.1965, leg. J. Gusenleitner (Luzern) (elegans group).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-Razavi). Lebanon, Türkiye.

Remarks. Rosa et al. (2013) listed Chrysis ashabadensis for Iran as a member of the elegans group, following Linsenmaier (1959a, 1968) interpretation. Examination of the type in Krakow (Rosa et al., 2015d) revealed that the species actually belongs to the C. succincta species-group and that the species identified by Linsenmaier in the elegans group was undescribed. This taxon was later described as Chrysis villosa Rosa, 2022 [in Boustani & Rosa, 2022] based on a holotype from Türkiye deposited in the Linsenmaier collection in Luzern.

Chrysis viridissima Klug, 1845

Chrysis viridissima Klug, 1845:tav. 45 fig. 11. Holotype ♂; Egypt (Berlin) (viridissima group).

Chrysis viridissima: Rosa et al., 2013:32 (East-Azarbaijan, Khuzestan); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:24 (Fars); Tavasoli & Fallahzadeh, 2015:82 (Fars); Farzaneh et al., 2017:499 (Fars); Falahatpisheh et al., 2021:31 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Khuzestan). Jordan, Middle East; Northern India; Northern Africa; Afrotropical region (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1999); Arabian Peninsula (Rosa et al., 2020a).

Chrysis xanthocera Klug, 1845

Chrysis xanthocera Klug, 1845:Tab. 45, Fig. 5. Holotype ♂; Egypt (Berlin) (comparata group).

Chrysis barrei Radoszkowski, 1891:194. Holotype ♂; Iran: Sarakhs (Berlin).

Chrysis xanthocera var. viridis du Buysson, 1900:149. Holotype ♂; Iran: Tehran (Paris).

Chrysis xanthocera: Rosa et al., 2013:32 (Khorasan-e Razavi, Tehran).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi, Tehran). Pakistan, Palestine, Central Asia; Northern Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1994, 1999).

Chrysis zobeida du Buysson, 1896

Chrysis zobeida du Buysson, 1896:474. Holotype ♀; Yemen: Aden (Paris) (maculicornis group).

Chrysis zobeida Rosa et al., 2013:32; Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:24 (Fars); Farzaneh et al., 2017:499 (Fars); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:300 (Kerman); Falahatpisheh et al., 2021:31 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Kerman). Palestine, Türkiye, Saudi Arabia; Northern Africa: Egypt (Rosa et al., 2013); Iraq (Ebrahimi, 2015).

Chrysis zonata cypria du Buysson, 1898

Chrysis bidentata var. cypria du Buysson, 1898b:555. Holotype ♂; Cyprus (Paris) (viridula group).

Chrysis cypriana Enslin, 1950:668. Unnecessary replacement name for cypria du Buysson, 1898.

Chrysis pyrrhina cypria: Rosa et al., 2013:27 (East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). Cyprus, Lebanon, Palestine, and Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968).

Chrysis zonata zonata Dahlbom, 1854

Chrysis serena Radoszkowski, 1891:194. Holotype ♂; Iran: Sarakhs (Krakow) (viridula group).

Chrysis pyrrhina serena: Rosa et al., 2013:28 (Khorasan-e Razavi); Ebrahimi, 2015:30 (Alborz).

Material examined. 1♂, Alborz, Karaj, 35°46'20''N, 50°56'4''E, 22.vi.2010, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC); 1♀, idem (TMUC).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, Khorasan-e Razavi). Southern Russia, Palestine, Syria, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Remarks. Chrysis serena Radoszkowski was synonymised with Chrysis zonata Dahlbom by Rosa (2018b:170).

Genus Chrysura Dahlbom, 1845

Chrysura Dahlbom, 1845:6. Type species: Chrysis austriaca Fabricius, 1804, by subsequent designation of Bodenstein, 1939:125.

Olochrysis Lichtenstein, 1876:27. Type species: Chrysis aerata Dahlbom, 1854 [= Chrysis trimaculata Förster, 1853)], by subsequent designation of Ashmead, 1902:226. Junior subjective synonym of Chrysura Dahlbom, 1845 according to Kimsey & Bohart, 1991.

Chrysura baccha (Balthasar, 1953)

Chrysis baccha Balthasar, 1953:175. Holotype ♀; Palestine: Jerusalem (Prague) (radians group).

Chrysura baccha: Rosa et al., 2013:33 (Fars, Gilan).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Gilan). Greece, Lebanon, Palestine, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968).

Chrysura baiocchii Rosa, 2013

Chrysura baiocchii Rosa in Rosa & Lotfalizadeh, 2013:26. Holotype ♀; Iran: Fars province, 2050 m, 7 km W Dasht-e-Arzhan, 29°38'00''N, 51°54'50''E, 12.v.2010, leg. D. Baiocchi (MSNM) (radians group).

Distribution. Iran (Fars).

Chrysura barbatula (Linsenmaier, 1968)

Chrysis (Chrysogona) barbatula Linsenmaier, 1968:131. Holotype ♂; Türkiye (Luzern) (radians group).

Chrysura barbatica Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:486, unnecessary replacement name for C. barbatula Linsenmaier, 1968.

Chrysura barbatula Rosa et al., 2013:33 (East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Chrysura cuprea cuprea (Rossi, 1790)

Chrysis cuprea Rossi, 1790:78. Syntypes, sex unknown; Italy: Tuscany (Berlin) (cuprea group).

Chrysura cuprea cuprea: Rosa, 2020:467 (Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Mazandaran). Euroasiatic, from Western Europe to Caucasus.

Chrysura cuprea demelti (Linsenmaier, 1987)

Chrysis (Chrysogona) cuprea demelti Linsenmaier, 1987:145. Holotype ♀; Türkiye: Konya, Sille (Luzern) (cuprea group).

Chrysura cuprea demelti: Rosa et al., 2013:33 (Zanjan).

Distribution. Iran (Zanjan). Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1987).

Chrysura cyrenaica (Invrea, 1924)

Chrysis simplex var. cyrenaica Invrea [in Gribodo], 1924:268. Holotype ♂; Libya: Cyrenaica (Bologna) (austriaca group).

Chrysura cyrenaica: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:23 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Libya (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Chrysura darii (Mocsáry, 1914)

Chrysis (Holochrysis) Darii Mocsáry, 1914:20. Holotype ♀ Iran: “Persia merid.-occidentalis: R. Sefid” (London) (candens group).

Chrysura darii: Rosa et al., 2013:33; Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:24 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars).

Chrysura desertorum (du Buysson, 1887)

Chrysis desertorum du Buysson, 1887:175. Lectotype ♂ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:488; Palestine: Ramle (Paris) (radians group).

Chrysura desertorum: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:24 (Khorasan).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan).

Chrysura desidiosa (du Buysson, 1891)

Chrysis desidiosa du Buysson, 1891:280. Holotype ♀; Caucasus (Paris) (radians group).

Chrysura desidiosa: Rosa et al., 2013 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Caucasus; Central Asia (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Chrysura erigone (Mocsáry, 1889)

Chrysis erigone Mocsáry, 1889:239. Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Bohart & French 1986:341; Caucasus (Budapest) (radians group).

Chrysura erigone: Rosa et al., 2013:33 (Fars); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:25 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Caucasus, Cyprus, Palestine, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968).

Chrysura filidichroa Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov. (Figs 16F, 16G, 36A–F, 37A–F)

https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:13DDCFC7-C85F-4B9D-A638-B7CB5F66EBFC

Material examined. Holotype ♂; IRAN, Kohgiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad province: Sisaht env., 2400m, Dena Nat. Reserve, 30°52'46''N, 51°25'12''E, 14.–16.v.2013, leg. D. Baiocchi (MSNM). Paratypes: 1♂, same locality and dates of holotype (PRC); 7♀♀, Kerman province: S of Deh Bakri, 29°01'08''N, 57°56'09''E, 26.–27.v.2012, leg. D. Baiocchi (DBC, PRC); 1♀, (Fārs) W Sarvestān, (40 Km NW Fasā) 1860m, Kūh-e Mian Jangal, 29°10'12''N, 53°22'50''E, 7.V.2016 D.Baiocchi leg. (DBC); 2♂♂, (SSE Yasuj) 2390m, (Būyer Ahmad-o-Kūhgīlūye), NE of Malashoreh pass, 30°29'24"N, 51°39'29"E, 10-13.V.2016 Baiocchi leg. (DBC); 9♂♂, Fars province: 20 km SE of Yasuj, 30°29'24"N, 51°39'28.8"E, 2390m, 4.v.2016, leg.M.Kafka (MHC); 1♂, 2♀♀, Fars province: S of Dasht Arjan, 29°33'7.2"N, 51°56'31.2"E, 2050m, 4.v.2016, leg. M. Kafka (MHC); 1♀, Fars province: 50km W of Shiraz, 12km S Dasht Arjan, 29°33'25.2"N, 51°56'45.6"E, 2250m, 15.v.2019, leg. O. Šauša (MHC).

Diagnosis. Chrysura filidichroa sp. nov. belongs to the dichroa group for: typical habitus, male antennae gibbous ventrally, and shape of genital capsule. The only species similar to C. filidichroa sp. nov. is C. izadiae Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2016, but the male of C. filidichroa can be easily separated by the unique shape of genital capsule (Figs 16F, 16G), with upper part of gonocoxa with straight transverse margin and wide apex; this shape of the the genital capsule separates C. filidichroa also from other species in the group (compare images of genital capsules in Arens, 2001 and Strumia et al., 2016a); it is also separated from C. izadiae by the shape of propodeum with parallel sides (vs. concave laterally, with prominent humeral angles in C. izadiae); habitus narrow and elongate (vs. unmodified in C. izadiae); apical margin of third tergum continuous (vs. slightly concave). Comparison with the female of C. izadiae is not appropriate, because we consider the sex association proposed by Strumia et al. (2016a) unreliable, being the female closely related to other species of the dichroa group with body colour altered post mortem; moreover, the unmodified pronotum and the general habitus do not fit the description of the holotype male. C. filidichroa sp. nov. male and female can be separated from all the other species species of the dichroa group by body green colour, replacing the typical red one in members of this group; slender habitus (Figs 36A, 37A), and elongate malar spaces (2× MOD).

Description. ¾ Holotype ♂ (Figs 16F, 16G, 36A–F). Body length 6.5 mm (paratypes 5.5-7.5 mm), anterior wing length 3.5 mm (Fig. 36A). Green, golden-green to golden-red.

Head. Brow, ocellar area and vertex with dense, contiguous and small punctures (0.2–0.4× MOD) continuing between scapal basin and eye and on malar space; punctures spaced between posterior ocelli and compound eye and on temples; posterior ocellus with lateral narrow fovea as long as ocellus; face typically flat; scapal basin with small, spaced punctures medially becoming denser and deeper laterally (Fig. 36B); genal carina sharp, from mid eye to mandibular insertion; subantennal space 1.0× MOD; apex of clypeus bordered by wide (0.6× MOD long) dark brown rim. Clypeus punctate, with punctures similar to those on scapal basin medially. Distance between anterior ocellus and clypeus = 5.7× MOD. OOL 1.6× MOD; POL 1.7× MOD; MS 2.0× MOD; relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:2.0:1.0:0.9.

Mesosoma. Medial pronotal furrow relatively wide and shallow (Fig. 36C), reaching half pronotal length; pronotum with small to medium sized punctures (0.2–0.5× MOD), irregularly shaped, contiguous and with dots in between; punctation on mesoscutum similar, without interspaces; on scutellum shallower, with some polished interspaces between punctures; notauli formed by relatively shallow, metallic, sub-rectangular foveae, narrow, as long as larger punctures on mesonotum, but as wide as the smallest; parapsidal signum deep and distinct; scutellar-metanotal suture formed by shallow, irregular punctures, with large, shallow median fovea; metanotum with deep and contiguous punctures; posterior propodeal projections slightly divergent and concave at sides; mesopleuron with episternal sulcus formed by relatively small, shallow, transversal foveae, larger than other punctures on segment (Fig. 36D).

Metasoma. First tergum with even, small sized punctures, equally spaced; smaller and denser dorsally, at sides of median line, which is formed by rows of small dots (Fig. 36E); punctures laterally with larger interspaces; on second tergum with similar punctures, denser antero-dorsally, and becoming smaller and sparser towards apical margin; longitudinal median carina faint; third tergum with small, even punctures; pits of pit row small, shallow, black, only slightly larger than other punctures on tergum; apical margin continuous, bordered by a thin hyaline rim; black spots on second sternum relatively large, subrectangular, covering less half of sternum length, medially separated by 2× MOD; spot margin straight (Fig. 36F).

Female (Paratype). Body length 6.5–6.8 mm, anterior wing length 3.6 mm (Fig. 37A).

Head. Colour pattern, vestiture and sculpture as in male, less punctate on scapal basin; structure as in male for clypeus, mandibles, malar space (2× MOD), subantennal space, relative length of P:F1:F2:F3 = 1.0:2.0:1.0:0.8, and pilosity; however, female head is different for larger distance between anterior ocellus and clypeus (5.7× MOD), OOL 1.7× MOD, POL = 1.9× MOD, and general aspect narrower and elongate (Fig. 37A) with l/w = 0.85 vs. l/w = 0.77 in male.

Mesosoma and metasoma Colour pattern, vestiture and sculpture as in male.

Colouration. Male and female with body light green, green-blue to bluish on metanotum and metapostnotum; mandible basally, scape, pedicel, first and second flagellum metallic, the rest of flagellum blackish; tegulae green metallic; wings hyaline, with brown veins.

Vestiture. Head and mesosoma dorsally with short (1.0 to 1.5× MOD), whitish setae; on metasoma dorsally with shorter setae, laterally with longer (1.5 to 2.0× MOD), erect and white setae; legs with short (1× MOD), erect setae on outer side.

Etymology. The specific epithet filidichroa derives from Latin filus (thread) and dichroa, the species-group to which the taxon belongs to. It is related to the slender habitus of this species, similar to the slender body of Chrysura filiformis (Mocsáry, 1889), which is a species distinctly smaller (4–5 mm), with the typical body colour pattern of C. dichroa.

Distribution. *Iran (Fars, Kerman, Kohgiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad).

Figure 36. Chrysura filidichroa Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov., male, holotype. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysura filiformis (Mocsáry, 1889)

Chrysis (Olochrysis) filiformis Mocsáry, 1889:266. Lectotype ♂ designated by Móczár, 1965:168; Croatia [not Hungary]: Fiume [currently Rijeka] (Budapest) (dichroa group).

Chrysura filiformis: Rosa et al., 2013:34 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Central and South-east Europe, Caucasus and Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Figure 37. Chrysura filidichroa Rosa & Baiocchi, sp. nov., female, paratype. A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysura foetiana (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967)

Chrysis (Holochrysis) foetiana Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:147. Holotype ♂; Turkmenistan: Ashkabad (St. Petersburg) (radians group).

Chrysura foetiana: Rosa et al., 2013:34 (Fars, Kordestan).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Kordestan). Central Asia: Turkmenistan (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967).

Chrysura genalis (Mocsáry, 1887)

Chrysis foveata Radoszkowski, 1877:13, nom. praeocc., nec Dahlbom, 1845. Syntypes ♂, ♀ [not holotype]; Uzbekistan: Zarafshan valley (Moscow, Kraków) (radians group).

Chrysis genalis Mocsáry, 1887:14. Replacement name for Chrysis foveata Radoszkowski, 1877, nec Dahlbom, 1845.

Chrysura genalis: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:25 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Türkiye; Central Asia (Radoszkowski, 1877, Linsenmaier, 1968).

Chrysura ignifrons (Brullé, 1833)

Chrysis ignifrons Brullé, 1833:375. Holotype ♂ [not ♀]; Greece: Peloponnese (Paris) (austriaca group).

Chrysura ignifrons: Rosa, 2020:467 (Khorasan-e Razavi), 473 (fig. 8).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi). West-Paleartcic, from Southern Europe to the Caucasus and Middle East; Central Asia; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Remarks. Chrysura ignifrons (Brullé) was listed by Trautmann (1927) for Persia, yet later considered as a doubtful identification by Rosa et al. (2013), because the citation could be also referable both to Chrysura smaragdina (Trautmann, 1926) or Chrysura anatolica (Trautmann, 1926), both known from the Middle East.

Chrysura izadiae Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2016

Chrysura izadiae Strumia & Fallahzadeh [in Strumia et al.], 2016a:282. Holotype ♂; Iran: Fars Province, Kherameh, 29º30'51"N, 53°18'40"E, 27.iv.2013; leg. E. Izadi (Pisa) (dichroa group).

Distribution. Iran (Fars).

Chrysura judith (Balthasar, 1953)

Chrysis judith Balthasar, 1953:192. Holotype ♂; Palestine: Jerusalem (Prague) (radians group).

Chrysura judith: Rosa et al., 2013:34 (Tehran).

Chrysura rhodia: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:25 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (Kerman, Tehran). Southern Europe, Palestine, Rhodes, Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysura laconiae (Arens, 2001)

Chrysis laconiae Arens, 2001:1163. Holotype ♂; Greece: Peloponnese, Amyklai, Sparta, 4.iv.2000, leg. W. Arens (Arens’ private collection) (dichroa group).

Chrysura laconiae: Rosa et al., 2013:34 (Kuhgiloye & Boyerahmad).

Distribution. Iran (Kuhgiloye & Boyerahmad). Greece, Türkiye (Arens, 2001, 2002).

Chrysura laevigata (Abeille de Perrin, 1879)

Chrysis laevigata Abeille de Perrin, 1879:81. Syntypes ♀♀; Russia, Caucasus (Paris) (dichroa group).

Chrysis loevigata auctorum. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Chrysura laevigata: Rosa et al., 2013:35 (East-Azarbaijan, Golestan, Qazvin, Tehran); Samin et al., 2014:122 (Gilan); Ebrahimi, 2015:38 (Khorasan-e Razavi); Farzaneh et al., 2017:499 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Golestan, Gilan, Khorasan-e Razavi, Qazvin, Tehran). West-Palaearctic, from Europe to the Caucasus and the Middle East; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysura laodamia laodamia (du Buysson, 1900) (Fig 38A–F)

Chrysis laodamia du Buysson, 1900:135. Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:492; Lebanon: Brumana (Oxford) (austriaca group).

Material examined. 1♀, Fars province: 50km W of Shiraz, 12 km S of Dasht Arjan, 29°33'25.2"N, 51°56'45.6"E, 2250m, 15.v.2019, leg. O. Šauša (MHC); 1♀, Kuhgiluye and Buyer Ahmad: Sisahkt, Dena Nat. Reserve, 30°52'26"N, 51°25'12"E, 2400m, 14.–16.v.2013, leg. D. Baiocchi (PRC).

Distribution. *Iran (Fars, Kuhgiluye and Buyer Ahmad). Lebanon, Middle East (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

Figure 38. Chrysura laodamia (du Buysson, 1900). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Chrysura leonidae (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967)

Chrysis (Holochrysis) leonidae Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:151. Holotype ♀; Iran: Gilan: Tash (St. Petersburg) (radians group [not austriaca group]).

Chrysura loenidae: Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:492. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Chrysura leonidae: Rosa et al., 2013:35 (Gilan).

Distribution. Iran (Gilan).

Chrysura ludmila (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967)

Chrysis ludmila Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:155. Holotype ♀; Iran: Luristan, Kale-Tol (St. Petersburg) (radians group).

Chrysura ludmilla: Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:492. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Chrysura ludmila: Rosa et al., 2013:35 (Lorestan).

Remarks. The type locality (Kale-Tol= Qal’eh-ye Tol) is now located in Khuzestan province.

Distribution. Iran (Khuzestan).

Chrysura lydiae (Mocsáry, 1889)

Chrysis (Olochrysis) lydiae Mocsáry, 1889:268. Holotype ♂; Türkiye: Bursa prov.: Brussa [= Bursa] (Budapest) (dichroa group).

Chrysura lydiae: Rosa et al., 2013:35 (Qazvin); Ebrahimi, 2015:39 (Khorasan-e Razavi).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi, Qazvin). South-western Europe, Caucasus, Palestine, Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysura nikolaji (Rosa, 2017)

Chrysis (Holochrysis) medea Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:148, nom. praeocc., nec Balthasar, 1953. Holotype ♂; Georgia: Mt. Pitsunda (St. Petersburg) (radians group).

Chrysis nikolaji Rosa in Rosa et al., 2017a:38. Replacement name for Chrysis medea Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967, nec Balthasar, 1953.

Chrysura nikolaji: Rosa, 2020:467 (Mazandaran), 474 (fig. 9).

Material examined. 1♀, Mazandaran province: 15 km S Alamdeh, 7.vi.2014, leg. J .Halada (MHC); 3♂♂, Golestan province: 60 km NEE Minudasht, 37°19'58.8"N, 56°01'1.2"E, 1280m, 26.v.2007, leg. O. Šauša (MHC).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan, Mazandaran). Caucasus (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysura pruna (Gribodo, 1879)

Chrysis pruna Gribodo, 1879:337. Lectotype ♂ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:494; Algeria (Genoa) (dichroa group).

Chrysura pruna: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:26 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (Kerman). Palestine; Northern Africa: Algeria, Libya (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Chrysura pseudodichroa (Linsenmaier, 1959)

Chrysis (Chrysogona) pseudodichroa Linsenmaier, 1959a:86. Holotype ♂; Cyprus (Luzern) (dichroa group).

Chrysura pseudodichroa: Rosa et al., 2013:35 (Fars); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:26 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). West-Palaearctic: Mediterranean countries, Türkiye, Middle East; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysura pseudohybrida (Linsenmaier, 1999)

Chrysis (Chrysis) pseudohybrida Linsenmaier, 1999:124. Holotype ♀; Tunisia: Kairouan, 1.v.1978, leg. J. Gusenleitner (Luzern) (austriaca group).

Chrysura pseudohybrida: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:26 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Tunisia, Libya (Linsenmaier, 1999).

Chrysura purpureifrons (Abeille de Perrin, 1878)

Chrysis purpureifrons Abeille de Perrin, 1878:4. Syntypes ♂♂ [not holotype]; France (Paris) (dichroa group).

Chrysura purpureifrons: Rosa et al., 2013:36 (Atrek river).

Distribution. Iran (without precise locality, likely in the North Khorasan province). Palaearctic, from Southern Europe to Türkiye; Central Asia; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysura pyrogaster pyrogaster (Brullé, 1833)

Chrysis pyrogaster Brullé, 1833:374. Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:494; Greece: Peloponnese (Paris) (austriaca group).

Chrysura pyrogaster: Rosa et al., 2013:36 (East-Azarbaijan, West-Azarbaijan); Rosa, 2020:468 (Golestan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Golestan, West-Azarbaijan). South-eastern Europe, Caucasus, Türkiye, Middle East (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysura pyrogaster turca (Linsenmaier, 1997)

Chrysis (Chrysogona) pyrogaster ssp. turca Linsenmaier, 1997:272. Holotype ♂; Türkiye: Konya, Madensehir, 1300 m, 22.vi.1984, leg. Warncke (Luzern) (austriaca group).

Chrysura pyrogaster turca: Rosa et al., 2013:36 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1997).

Chrysura radians (Harris, 1776)

Chrysis radians Harris, 1776:69. Neotype ♀ designated by Rosa et al., 2020b:112.; England: Kent, Halling, 8.vii.1971, leg. K.M. Guichard (London) (radians group).

Chrysura radians: Ebrahimi, 2015:40 (Qazvin).

Distribution. Iran (Qazvin). Palaearctic, from Western Europe to Siberia; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysura simuldichroa (Linsenmaier, 1969)

Chrysis simuldichroa Linsenmaier, 1969:375. Holotype ♀; Türkiye: Urfa (Budapest); Linsenmaier, 1987:145 (dichroa group).

Chrysura simuldichroa: Rosa et al., 2013:36 (Iran, without locality); Rosa, 2020:468 (Tehran).

Distribution. Iran (Tehran). Cyprus, Palestine, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1969, 1987).

Chrysura smaragdina (Trautmann, 1926)

Holochrysis ignifrons var. smaragdina Trautmann, 1926:8. Lectotype ♀ designated by Bohart in Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:491; Syria (Berlin) (austriaca group).

Chrysura smaragdina: Rosa et al., 2013:36 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Syria, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1968).

Chrysura sulcata Dahlbom, 1845

Chrysura sulcata Dahlbom, 1845:7 [not Chrysis]. Lectotype ♀ designated by Rosa & Vårdal, 2015:112; Greece: Rhodes Is. (Stockholm) (radians group).

Chrysura sulcata: Rosa et al., 2013:37 (Fars); Farzaneh et al., 2017:500 (Fars). Rosa, 2020:468 (North Khorasan).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, North Khorasan). Southern Europe, Caucasus, Cyprus, Palestine, Rhodes, Türkiye (Rosa et al., 2013).

Chrysura varicornis (Spinola, 1838)

Chrysis varicornis Spinola, 1838:449. Holotype ♂; Egypt (Turin) (radians group).

Chrysura varicornis: Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:26 (Fars, Khorasan); Farzaneh et al., 2017:500 (Fars); Rosa, 2020:468 (North Khorasan).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, North Khorasan). West-Palaearctic, from Southern Europe to Türkiye and the Middle East; Central Asia; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Genus Euchroeus Latreille, 1809

Euchroeus Latreille, 1809:49. Type species: Chrysis purpurata Fabricius, 1787 [= Euchroeus purpuratus (Fabricius, 1787)], by monotypy.

Euchroeus eous (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912)

Pseudochrysis eoa Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912:186. Holotype ♀; Iran: Mekran [= Makran in Sistan & Baluchestan], Kutshe, Kambil, 8–9.iii.1891, N. Zarudny (St. Petersburg).

Euchroeus eous: Rosa et al., 2013:37 (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Distribution. Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan). Central Asia: Turkmenistan (Rosa et al., 2013); one subspecies in Saudi Arabia (Linsenmaier, 1994).

Euchroeus moricei zarudnianus (Semenov-Tian-Shansky, 1910)

Pseudochrysis (Euchroeus) zarudniana Semenov-Tian-Shansky, 1910:216. Holotype ♂; Iran: Khorasan: Atkul to lake Nemeksar, 22.iv.1898, leg. N. Zarudny (St. Petersburg).

Euchroeus zarudnianus: Rosa et al., 2013:37 (Khorasan).

Euchroeus moricei bytinskii Linsenmaier, 1969:374; Ebrahimi, 2015:42 (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Euchroeus moricei zarudnianus: Rosa et al., 2017a:62.

Distribution. Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan, South Khorasan). Palestine, United Arab Emirates; the typical form is distributed in Northern Africa from Algeria to Egypt (Linsenmaier, 1999; Rosa et al., 2020a).

Euchroeus pellucidus (Radoszkowski, 1877) (Fig. 39A–F)

Brugmoia pellucida Radoszkowski, 1877:26. Lectotype ♀ designated by Rosa et al., 2015d:5; Kazakhstan: Kyzyl-kum (Moscow).

Material examined. 1♂, 40 km NW of Paskuh, 29.iii.1973, Locality n°139, Exp. Nat. Mus. Praha (NHMP).

Distribution. *Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan). Egypt; Central Asia (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

Euchroeus rugulosus (Mocsáry, 1909)

Chrysis (Euchroeus) rugulosa Mocsáry, 1909:8. Lectotype ♂ designated by Kimsey, 1986:106; Kazakhstan: Djulek (Budapest).

Brugmoia rugulae Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:296. Unnecessary replacement name for Chrysis (Euchroeus) rugulosa Mocsáry, 1909.

Euchroeus rugulosus: Ebrahimi, 2015:43 (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Distribution. Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan). Russia; Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Euchroeus singularis (Spinola, 1838)

Chrysis singularis Spinola, 1838:452. Holotype ♀; Egypt (Turin).

Pseudochrysis virgo Semenow, 1891:441. Holotype ♂; Turkmenistan: Dort-Kuju oasis; Merv (St. Petersburg).

Euchroeus singularis: Rosa et al., 2013:37 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (Kerman). Palestine; Central Asia: Turkmenistan; Northern Africa: Egypt (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Euchroeus vesperus (Semenov-Tian-Shansky, 1910)

Pseudochrysis vespera Semenov-Tian-Shansky, 1910:214. Lectotype ♀ designated by Kimsey, 1986:109; Iran: Khorasan province, Turbet-i-heidari and Feizabad, 8–11.iv.1898, N. Zarudny (St. Petersburg).

Euchroeus vesperus: Rosa et al., 2013:37 (Khorasan).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi).

Genus Morphochrysis Rosa & Pavesi, 2023

Morphochrysis Rosa & Pavesi [Rosa et al.], 2023a:31. Type species: Chrysis pulchella Spinola, 1808 by original designation.

Morphochrysis gamberoonensis (Farhad, Rosa & Talebi, 2019)

Chrysis gamberoonensis Farhad, Rosa & Talebi in Farhad et al., 2019:1006 (key, fig. 1), 1007 (descr.). Holotype ♀; Iran: Hormozgan province, Bandar Abbas, Geno, 27°24'16''N, 56°08'51''E, 23.viii.2011, leg. A. Ameri (Tehran) (pulchella group).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan).

Figure 39. Euchroeus pellucidus (Radoszkowski, 1877). A. Head, frontal view; B. Mesosoma, dorsal view; C. Mesosoma, lateral view; D. Metasoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, postero-lateral view; F. Metasoma, ventral view.

Morphochrysis personata (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967)

Chrysis (Gonodontochrysis) pulchella ssp. personata Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:158. Holotype ♂; Iran [not Iraq]: Rizaabad (St. Petersburg) (pulchella group).

Chrysis personata: Rosa et al., 2017a:46 (Qazvin - Rizaabad); Farhad et al., 2019:1007 (key, Qazvin).

Distribution. Iran (Qazvin). Central Asia (Rosa et al., 2017a).

Morphochrysis pulchella (Spinola, 1808)

Chrysis pulchella Spinola, 1808:28. Lectotype ♂ designated by Rosa & Xu, 2015:33; Italy: Liguria (Turin) (pulchella group).

Chrysis pulchella: Rosa et al., 2013:27 (Ardabil); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:22 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2019:1007 (key, Ardabil).

Distribution. Iran (Ardabil, Fars). Central and Southern Europe, Türkiye, Iraq; Central Asia: Kazakhstan (Rosa et al., 2013).

Genus Pentachrysis Lichtenstein, 1876

Pentachrysis Lichtenstein, 1876:227. Type species: Chrysis amoena Eversmann, 1857, by subsequent designation of Ashmead, 1902:226.

Pentachrysis amoena (Eversmann, 1858)

Chrysis amoena Eversmann, 1858:562. Holotype ♀; Russia: "campis transuralensibus" (Kraków) (amoena group).

Pentachrysis amoena: Torabipour et al., 2013b:86 (Sistan & Baluchestan); Ebrahimi, 2015:44 (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Distribution. Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan). From Eastern Europe to the Caucasus; Central Asia and Mongolia (Linsenmaier, 1959a). Cited for Siberia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Pentachrysis inaequalis (Dahlbom, 1845)

Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, 1845:8. Neotype ♂ designated by Rosa & Vårdal, 2015:124; Switzerland: Roveredo, 28.viii.1948, leg. W. Linsenmaier (Luzern) (inaequalis group).

Chrysis inaequalis: Rosa et al., 2013:22 (West-Azarbaijan, Tehran); Rosa, 2020:466 (Fars, Kerman, Tehran).

Distribution. Iran (West-Azarbaijan, Tehran). Euroasiatic, from Western Europe to Central Asia and China (Rosa et al., 2014).

Remarks. Linsenmaier (1959a) correctly placed the inaequalis group in the subgenus Pentachrysis Lichtenstein. Kimsey & Bohart (1991) elevated Pentachrysis to genus rank but included the inaequalis group in the genus Chrysis Linnaeus, 1761. Molecular analyses (Pauli et al., 2019) proved that members of the inaequalis group are related to Pentachrysis, thus confirming Linsenmaier (1959a) intuition.

Pentachrysis poetica (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954)

Chrysis inaequalis var. caucasica Mocsáry, 1889:484, nom. praeocc., nec Radoszkowski, 1876. Holotype ♂; Azerbaijan: Helenendorf [= Goygol] (Berlin) (inaequalis group).

Chrysis inaequalis var. poëtica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954:131. Replacement name for Chrysis inaequalis var. caucasica Mocsáry, 1889, nec Radoszkowski, 1876.

Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, 1845:8 ; Farzaneh et al., 2017:498 (Fars); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:299 (Kerman).

Chrysis inaequalis sapphirina: Ebrahimi, 2015:28 (Ardabil); Farzaneh et al., 2017:498 (Fars).

Material examined. 1♀, Qazvin, Zereshk, 36°25'23''N, 50°06'37''E, 6.vii.2011, leg. M. Khayrandish (TMUC).

Distribution. Iran (Ardabil, Fars, Kerman, Qazvin, Tehran). Central and Southern Europe, Türkiye; Central Asia: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan (Rosa, 2018a).

Remarks. Chrysis poetica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij was reinstated and upgraded to species rank by Rosa (2018a). In Farzaneh et al. (2017), the male was identified as Chrysis inaequalis sapphirina for the bluish color of the first tergum, and the female collected in the same locality as Chrysis inaequalis inaequalis; male and female of Chrysis poetica are known to be chromatically dimorphic (Rosa, 2018a).

Pentachrysis seminigra (Walker, 1871)

Chrysis seminigra Walker, 1871:71. Type series unknown. Egypt: Wadi Ferran [Sinai: Wadi Feiran] (depository unknown).

Pentachrysis seminigra: Torabipour et al., 2013b:86 (Alborz); Ebrahimi, 2015:45 (Alborz)

Distribution. Iran (Alborz). Middle East, Pakistan; Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1968, 1994).

Genus Pseudochrysis Semenow, 1891

Pseudochrysis Semenow, 1891:444. Type species: Chrysura humboldti Dahlbom, 1845, by subsequent designation of Semenow, 1892b:485.

Pseudospinolia Linsenmaier, 1951:31. Type species: Chrysis uniformis Dahlbom, 1854, by original designation. Junior subjective synonym of Pseudochrysis Semenow, 1891 according to Rosa et al., 2017c.

Pseudochrysis aureicollis (Abeille de Perrin, 1879)

Chrysis aureicollis Abeille de Perrin, 1879:82. Syntypes ♀♀ [not holotype ♂]; Spain: Madrid (Paris).

Pseudospinolia aureicollis: Rosa et al., 2013:38 (Iran).

Distribution. Iran. West Palaearctic, from Southern Europe to Caucasus and Iran; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Pseudochrysis chamaleon (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967)

Spinolia chamaleon Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:181. Iran: Sistan & Baluchestan: Kulku, Sargad [given as North Khorasan in Rosa, 2020] (St. Petersburg).

Spinolia chamaeleon: Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:548. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Pseudospinolia marqueti du Buysson, 1887:180; Rosa et al., 2013:38 (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Material examined. 1♀, Kerman province: 15 km SW of Kerman, 30°10'1.2"N, 56°58'58.8"E, 1780m, 5.vi.2010, leg. Mi. Halada (MHC).

Distribution. Iran (Kerman, Sistan & Baluchestan).

Remarks. Pseudochrysis chamaleon was synonymised by Kimsey & Bohart (1991) with Pseudospinolia marqueti (du Buysson) and was reinstated by Rosa et al. (2017a).

Pseudochrysis humboldti (Dahlbom, 1845)

Chrysura humboldti Dahlbom, 1845:6. Holotype ♂; Greece: Rhodes Is. (Stockholm).

Pseudospinolia humboldti: Rosa et al., 2013:38 (Qazvin). Rosa, 2020:468 (Hamadan).

Distribution. Iran (Hamadan, Qazvin). Euroasiatic, from Southern Europe to Caucasus, Türkiye; Central Asia and China (Rosa et al., 2013).

Pseudochrysis marqueti (du Buysson, 1887)

Chrysis marqueti du Buysson, 1887:180. Holotype ♂; Greece: Mt. Parnassus (type depository unknown).

Pseudochrysis marqueti: Rosa, 2020:468 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). South-eastern Europe, Türkiye, Palestine (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Pseudochrysis tumida (Mocsáry, 1911)

Chrysis (Holochrysis) tumida Mocsáry, 1911:464. Holotype ♂; Ethiopia (Budapest).

Pseudospinolia tumida: Ebrahimi, 2015:46 (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Distribution. Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan). Ethiopia (Mocsáry, 1911).

Pseudochrysis uniformis (Dahlbom, 1854)

Chrysis uniformis Dahlbom, 1854:149. Holotype ♀; Asia Minor (depository unknown).

Pseudospinolia uniformis: Rosa et al., 2013:38 (Fars, Esfahan, Qazvin, Tehran); Ebrahimi, 2015:46 (Golestan); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:26 (Khorasan-e Razavi); Rosa, 2020:469 (Kerman, Mazandaran, Qazvin).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Esfahan, Golestan, Kerman, Khorasan-e Razavi, Mazandaran, Qazvin, Tehran). West-Palaearctic, from Southern Europe to Türkiye and Western Asia; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Genus Spinolia Dahlbom, 1854

Spinolia Dahlbom, 1854:363. Type species: Spinolia magnifica Dahlbom, 1854 [= Spinolia lamprosoma (Förster, 1853)], by monotypy.

Spinolia dallatorreana taurusiaca (Linsenmaier, 1987)

Euchroeus (Spinolia) dallatorreanus taurusiacus Linsenmaier, 1987:144. Holotype ♀; Türkiye: Konya (Luzern).

Spinolia dallatorreana taurusiaca: Rosa, 2020:469 (Iran, collecting place not located on the map), 474 (fig. 12).

Distribution. Iran (Golestan [Shahpasand = Azadshahr, explored by F. Ressl]). Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1987).

Spinolia dournovii (Radoszkowski, 1866)

Chrysis dournovii Radoszkowski, 1866:303. Holotype ♀; Caucasus (Kraków).

Chrysis (Olochrysis) dournovi: Mocsáry, 1889:285. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Chrysis dournowii: Dalla Torre, 1892:57. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Pseudochrysis durnovi: Semenow, 1892b:491. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Spinolia dournovi: du Buysson, 1893:246. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Spinolia durnovi: Trautmann, 1927:88. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Euchroeus (Spinolia) durnovi: Linsenmaier, 1959a:69. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Spinolia dournovii: Rosa et al., 2013:39 (East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan). West-Palaearctic, from South-eastern Europe to the Caucasus and Middle East; Central Asia: Kazakhstan; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Spinolia morawitzii (Mocsáry, 1889)

Chrysis (Spinolia) morawitzii Mocsáry, 1889:607. Holotype ♂; Turkmenistan (Budapest).

Chrysis morawitzi: Bischoff, 1913:25. Incorrect subsequent spelling.

Spinolia morawitzi: Ebrahimi, 2015:48 (Markazi).

Material examined. 1♂, Fars province, Dasht Arjan, 29°56'27.6"N 51°54'46.8"E, 2040m, 6.v.2016, leg.: M.Kafka (MHC).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Markazi). Central Asia: Turkmenistan (Rosa et al., 2017b).

Spinolia rogenhoferi (Mocsáry, 1889)

Chrysis (Spinolia) rogenhoferi Mocsáry, 1889:604. Holotype ♀; Greece [not Türkiye]: Attica (Budapest).

Spinolia chalcites Mocsáry, 1890:55; Rosa et al., 2013:38 (Qazvin).

Material examined. 1♀, env. Sisakht, 2400m, Kohgiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad, Dena Nat. Reserve, 30°52'46''N, 51°25'12''E, 14.–16.v.2013, leg. D. Baiocchi (PRC).

Distribution. Iran (Kohgiluyeh and Buyer Ahmad, Qazvin). Greece, Türkiye (Linsenmaier, 1959a).

Remarks. The species identified by Linsenmaier in his collection and in his keys (Linsenmaier, 1959a) is Spinolia rogenhoferi or an allied undescribed species, anyway does not match the type of Spinolia chalcites (Rosa & Greeff, 2020).

Spinolia stchurovskyi (Radoszkowski, 1877)

Polyodontus stchurovsky Radoszkowski, 1877:25. Holotype ♀; locality unknown (“patria incognita”) [not Turkestan] (Moscow).

Chrysis (Polyodontus) stschurovskyi: Mocsáry, 1889:595. Emendation of Polyodontus stchurovsky Radoszkowski, 1877.

Material examined. 1♂, Kerman province: 20 km E Ghobeyra, 30°06'00"N, 56°35'24"E, 1780m, 5.vi.2010, leg. Mi. Halada (MHC).

Distribution. *Iran (Kerman). Central Asia (Amur Darya), Pakistan (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

Genus Spintharina Semenow, 1892

Spintharina Semenow, 1892b:485. Type species: Chrysis vagans Radoszkowski, 1877, by original designation.

Spintharina cassandra (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967)

Chrysis (Holochrysis) cassandra Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:149. Holotype ♂; Iran: Mekran [= Markan in Sistan & Baluchestan] (St. Petersburg).

Chrysis cassandra: Rosa et al., 2013:17 (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Spintharina cassandra: Rosa et al., 2017a:20.

Distribution. Iran (Sistan & Baluchestan).

Spintharina dubai (Bohart, 1987)

Spintharina dubai Bohart, 1987:96. Holotype ♂; United Arab Emirates: Dubai, Nakhali (Davis) (vagans group).

Spintharina dubai: Farhad et al., 2016b:8 (Hormozgan, fig. 7).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan). Arabian Peninsula: Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates (Rosa et al., 2020a).

Spintharina extrema (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954) (Fig. 40A–F)

Chrysis (Spintharina) extrema Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954:121. Holotype ♀; Tadjikistan: Ayvadzh (St. Petersburg).

Chrysis extrema Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954 = Spintharina vagans (Radoszkowski, 1887): Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:558.

Spintharina extrema: Rosa et al., 2017a:24.

Material examined. 1♀, 30 km S of Tehran, 26.vi.1965, steppe, leg. Giordani Soika & Mavromoustakis, GBIF_Chr00041786 (NMLU).

Distribution. *Iran (Tehran). Tadjikistan and Turkmenistan (Rosa et al., 2017a).

Spintharina houskai (Balthasar, 1953)

Spintharis (Acanthospintharis) houskai Balthasar, 1953:155. Holotype ♂; Palestine: Jerusalem (Prague).

Chrysis (Spintharina) houskai: Linsenmaier, 1959a:172.

Spintharina houskai: Kimsey & Bohart, 1991:557.

Material examined. 2♂♂, 1♀, East-Azarbaijan province: 10 km E of Shabestar, Sis, 38°15'36"N, 45°51'36"E, 1540m, 19.vi.2010, leg. Mi. Halada (MHC).

Distribution. *Iran (East-Azarbaijan). Palestine.

Spintharina integerrima (Klug, 1845)

Chrysis integerrima Klug, 1845:tav. 45 fig. 14. Type [unknown]; Arabia (lost?) (versicolor group).

Spintharina integerrima: Farhad et al., 2016b:9 (Hormozgan, fig. 8).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan). Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen (Rosa et al., 2020a), Palestine, Sudan.

Spintharina mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1890

Spintharis mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1890:508. Holotype [unknown]; Türkiye: Buyuk Agri Dagi (depository unknown).

Spintharina vagans Radoszkowski, 1887:11; Rosa et al., 2013:39 (East-Azarbaijan); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:300 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Kerman). South-eastern Europe, Caucasus, Middle East (Rosa et al., 2013).

Remarks. In Rosa et al. (2013) the specimens were identified as Spintharina vagans, following Linsenmaier's identification of the species. Nevertheless, after examination of more material, it resulted that Linsenmaier's (1959a) identification of S. vagans is related to S. mocsaryi (or alexandrii du Buysson, replacement name). The occurrence of S. vagans is apparently restricted to Central Asia. The record from Kerman should be related to this S. mocsaryi as well since Iranmanesh et al. (2017) follow Linsenmaier's (1959a) keys.

Spintharina versicolor (Spinola, 1808)

Chrysis versicolor Spinola, 1808:241. Lectotype ♀ designated by Rosa & Xu, 2015:48; Italy: Liguria (Turin) (versicolor group).

Spintharina versicolor: Rosa et al., 2013:39 (Kordestan).

Distribution. Iran (Kordestan). Southern and Central Europe, from Spain to Greece, Lebanon (Linsenmaier, 1959a), Ukraine (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991), and Türkiye (Strumia & Yildirim, 2009).

Figure 40. Spintharina extrema (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya, 1954). A. Habitus, dorsal view; B. Head, frontal view; C. Mesosoma, dorsal view; D. Mesosoma, lateral view; E. Metasoma, lateral view; F. Metasoma, postero-lateral view.

Genus Stilbum Spinola, 1806

Stilbum Spinola, 1806:9. Type species: Chrysis calens Fabricius, 1781, by subsequent designation of Latreille, 1810:437.

Stilbum calens (Fabricius, 1781)

Chrysis calens Fabricius, 1781:455. Holotype ♀; Russia: Siberia (London).

Stilbum calens: Rosa et al., 2013:40 (Semnan, Tehran).

Stilbum calens westermanni Dahlbom, 1845:16; Boustani & Rosa, 2022:33 (Iran).

Distribution. Iran (Semnan, Tehran). Euroasiatic, from Europe to Siberia and China; Northern Africa (Rosa et al., 2013).

Remarks. The specimens recorded from Iran should be double-checked to be correctly identified. Recently Rosa et al. (2023b) elevated Stilbum westermanni to species rank, based on molecular analyses. However, molecular data and specimens for comparison were available from Europe, Russia and Central Asia, but not from Iran and the Middle East. For the moment, we still consider S. calens as the species distributed in Iran, but they both could be theoretically present in the country.

Stilbum cyanurum (Forster, 1771)

Chrysis cyanura Forster [not Förster], 1771:89. Holotype ♂; Spain (London).

Stilbum cyanurum: Rosa et al., 2013:39 (Qazvin); Ebrahimi, 2015:49 (Sistan & Baluchestan); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:26 (Fars); Farhad et al., 2016b:10 (Hormozgan); Farzaneh et al., 2017:500 (Fars); Iranmanesh et al., 2017:300 (Kerman).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Hormozgan, Kerman, Qazvin, Sistan & Baluchestan). Worldwide distributed, excluded Neotropical and Nearctic Regions (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

Genus Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876

Trichrysis Lichtenstein, 1876:227. Type species: Sphex cyanea Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy.

Trichrysis cyanea (Linnaeus, 1758)

Sphex cyanea Linnaeus, 1758:572. Lectotype ♂ designated by Morgan, 1984:10; Europe (London-Linnean Society).

Trichrysis cyanea: Rosa et al., 2013:40 (East-Azarbaijan); Ebrahimi, 2015:51 (East-Azarbaijan); Strumia & Fallahzadeh, 2015:27 (Alborz, Fars); Farzaneh et al., 2017:500 (Fars); Rosa, 2020:469 (Golestan, Mazandaran).

Distribution. Iran (Alborz, East-Azarbaijan, Fars, Golestan, Mazandaran, Semnan). Palaearctic, from Europe to China; Northern Africa (Linsenmaier, 1999, Rosa et al., 2014).

Trichrysis lacerta (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954)

Chrysis (Trichrysis) lacerta Semenov-Tian-Shanskij [in Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaya], 1954:122. Holotype ♀; Kyrgyzstan: Kok-Janggak (St. Petersburg).

Trichrysis lacerta: Falahatpisheh et al., 2021:138 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars). Greece, Cyprus, Türkiye, Caucasus and Egypt (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991; Strumia & Yildirim, 2009).

Trichrysis longispina (Mocsáry, 1912)

Chrysis (Trichrysis) longispina Mocsáry, 1912a:377. Holotype ♀; Saudi Arabia: Lahej (Budapest).

Trichrysis longispina: Farhad et al., 2016b:11 (Hormozgan, fig. 10); Farzaneh et al., 2017:501 (Fars).

Distribution. Iran (Fars, Hormozgan). Oman, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, and Yemen (Rosa et al., 2020a).

Trichrysis scioensis (Gribodo, 1879)

Chrysis scioensis Gribodo, 1879:344. Holotype ♀; East Africa (Genoa).

Trichrysis scioensis: Farhad et al., 2016b:10 (Hormozgan, fig. 9).

Distribution. Iran (Hormozgan). Afrotropical (Madl & Rosa, 2012).

Tribe Parnopini Dahlbom, 1854

Genus Cephaloparnops Bischoff, 1910

Cephaloparnops Bischoff, 1910:435. Type species: Parnopes elegans Klug, 1845 [= Cephaloparnos denticulatus (Spinola, 1838)], by monotypy.

Cephaloparnops denticulatus (Spinola, 1838)

Parnopes denticulatus Spinola, 1838:455. Holotype ♂; Egypt (Turin).

Cephaloparnops denticulatus: Kimsey & Bohart, 1991; Rosa et al., 2013:40 (Iran, without locality).

Distribution. Iran. Sudan, Egypt, Yemen (Rosa et al., 2020a).

Cephaloparnops vareillesi (du Buysson, 1900)

Parnopes vareillesi du Buysson, 1900:157. Lectotype ♀ designated by Kimsey, 1986:109; Algeria: Biskra (Paris).

Cephaloparnops abruptus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912:180. Holotype ♂; Iran: Kerman province, Sarhad district, Podagi (St. Petersburg).

Cephaloparnops medus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:183. Holotype ♀; Iran: Semnan province, Shahrud, 26.v.1914, A. Kirichenko (St. Petersburg).

Cephaloparnops vareillesi: Rosa et al., 2013:40 (Semnan).

Distribution. Iran (Kerman, Semnan). Palestine, Saudi Arabia; Northern Africa: Algeria, Egypt (Linsenmaier, 1959a, 1994, 1999).

Remarks. A revision of the Palaearctic Parnopini is needed because more species were recently collected in desert areas and evaluation of all taxa through the morphological analysis is still missing.

Genus Jsadelphus Semenow, 1901

Jsadelphus Semenow, 1901:27. Type species: Parnopes schmiedecknechtii Mocsáry, 1899 [= Jsadelphus schmiedecknechtii (Mocsáry, 1899)], by monotypy.

Isadelphus: Semenow, 1902:353. Incorrect subsequent spelling of Jsadelphus Semenow, 1901.

Isadelphia Semenow, 1902:353. Unnecessary replacement name for Isadelphus in Semenow, 1902 nec Isadelphus Förster, 1868 (Hymenoptera Ichneumonidae).

Jsadelphus schmiedeknechtii (Mócsary, 1899)

Parnopes Schmiedecknechtii Mocsáry, 1899:493. Lectotype ♀ designated by Kimsey, 1987:90; Lebanon: Brumana (Budapest).

Isadelphia zarudnii Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967:182. Holotype ♂; Iran: Esfahan env., 16–24.iv.1904, N. Zarudny (St. Petersburg)

Isadelphia schmiedecknechtii: Rosa et al., 2013:41 (Esfahan).

Distribution. Iran (Esfahan). Middle East; Northern Africa: Egypt (Rosa et al., 2013).

Genus Parnopes Latreille, 1797

Parnopes Latreille, 1797:126. Type species: Chrysis carnea Fabricius, 1775 [= Parnopes grandior (Pallas, 1771)], by monotypy.

Parnopes glasunowi Semenow, 1901

Parnopes glasunowi Semenow, 1901:25. Holotype ♂; Tadjikistan: Jagnob (St. Petersburg).

Parnopes glasunowi: Rosa et al., 2013:41 (Khorasan-e Razavi).

Distribution. Iran (Khorasan-e Razavi), Türkiye; Central Asia (Rosa et al., 2013).

Parnopes grandior (Pallas, 1771)

Chrysis grandior Pallas, 1771:474. Holotype ♂; Russia (Berlin).

Parnopes grandior: Rosa et al., 2013:42 (Golestan); Samin et al., 2014:123 (East-Azarbaijan).

Distribution. Iran (East-Azarbaijan, Golestan). Widespread in the Western Palaearctic Region (Kimsey & Bohart, 1991).

DISCUSSION

The new checklist of the Iranian cuckoo wasps is deeply different from the first one. This is due not only to the numerous species added in the last years and the new species described but also to a long list of changes made in the taxonomy, nomenclature and species concept of many species. In particular, twelve species have been synonymised: Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889 = C. keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887; C. decora Mocsáry, 1887 = C. mesasiatica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912; C. elegans interrogata Linsenmaier, 1959 = C. confluens (Dahlbom, 1845); C. psittacina du Buysson, 1887 = C. regina du Buysson, 1887; C. pyrrha Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967 = C. angustifrons Abeille de Perrin, 1878; C. pyrrhina auct. = C. zonata Dahlbom, 1854; C. splendidula chlorisans du Buysson, 1895 = C. splendidula Rossi, 1790; C. subcoerulea Radoszkowski, 1891 = C. chlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889; Holopyga crassepuncta Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954 = H. turkestanica Mocsáry, 1909; H. proviridis Linsenmaier, 1959 = H. generosa asiatica Trautmann, 1926; Pseudomalus masalskii (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1932) = P. turkestanicus (Mocsáry, 1889); Cephaloparnops abruptus Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1912 = C. vareillesi (du Buysson, 1900). Moreover, seven subspecies were upgraded to specific rank: Chrysis dauriana Linsenmaier, 1959; Chrysis schwarzi Linsenmaier, 1968; Chrysis consobrina Mocsáry, 1889; Hedychridium davydovi (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967); Hedychrum caucasicum Mocsáry, 1889; Hedychrum persicum Mocsáry, 1914; Holopyga caucasica Mocsáry, 1889, and one species downgraded to subspecific rank: Euchroeus moricei zarudnianus (Semenov-Tian-Shanksy, 1909).

Recent changes in the classification of genera also impacted the Iranian list. The following seven species were transferred to different genera: Chrysis cassandra Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967 to the genus Spintharina; Chrysis inaequalis Dahlbom, 1845 to Pentachrysis; Chrysis pulchella Spinola, 1808 to Morphochrysis; Hedychridium flavipes rugulosum Linsenmaier, 1959 to Colpopyga; Omalus hypocrita (du Buysson, 1893) to Philoctetes; Philoctetes medanae (du Buysson, 1890) and Philoctetes tatianae (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967) to Chrysellampus.

The first checklist was largely based on Linsenmaier’s (1959a, 1968, 1969, 1987) species concepts and material from his collection. However, the revision work on types deposited in Euroasian collections carried on by the first author, has shed light on some misinterpretations given by the Swiss author. In particular: Chrysis ashabadensis sensu Linsenmaier = C. villosa Rosa, 2022; C. inaequalis sapphirina sensu Linsenmaier = Chrysis poetica Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1954; C. perrinii sensu Linsenmaier = C. caucasicola Balthasar, 1953; C. singula sensu Linsenmaier = C. grohmanni bolivari García Mercet, 1904; Holopyga chrysonota sensu Linsenmaier = H. similis Mocsáry, 1889; Spinolia chalcites sensu Linsenmaier = S. rogenhoferi (Mocsáry, 1889); Spintharina vagans sensu Linsenmaier = S. mocsaryi (Radoszkowski, 1890). During the revision work mentioned above, other species were resurrected by previous synonymizations by Rosa et al. (2017a) and are now included in the new list, such as Spinolia chamaleon (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij, 1967), Spintharina extrema (Semenov-Tian-Shanskij & Nikol’skaja, 1954) and Hedychridium erschovi (Radoszkowski, 1877) in Rosa et al. (2013) listed as H. chloropygum caputaureum. Finally, to fully understand the relationships between similar species of some Chrysis groups, examination of more material is needed, possibly with the help of molecular analyses, like in the case of species in the graelsii group (see above).

The known Chrysidid fauna of Iran currently comprises 315 taxa which are categorized into four tribes and 25 genera (Fig. 41). The tribe Chrysidini, with 211 species includes more than two-thirds of the species, with the genus Chrysis represented by 137 species, followed by Chrysura with 35 species. Hedychridium and Holopyga, each with 25 recorded species, are documented as the most speciose genera of Elampini. The tribe Panopini and the subfamily Cleptinae, with 4 and 3 species respectively, represent a very small assembly of the Iranian chrysidids. Considering the development in the knowledge of Iranian fauna, a comprehensive key to species level for the country is still premature. In fact, the estimated number of chrysidid species should be at least 400, similar to the Türkish fauna (Rosa et al., 2013), if not more rich due to the presence of Afrotropical and Indian elements. Only a key including all Middle Eastern, Central Asian and Mediterranean species could assist in the identification of Iranian species. However, achieving this goal would require a dedicated project, including financing for research, travels to museums, and illustrations.

Figure 41. Number of recorded species within the genera of Chrysididae in Iran.

To facilitate the identification of species in the genus Chrysis, the most speciose one, we propose a synthetic list of the 137 species subdivided by species group. Species groups can be identified using the keys of Kimsey & Bohart (1991) and Linsenmaier (1959a):