Rasmi Hassan, Ihab, Rezatofighi, Seyedeh Elham, Motamedi, Hossein, Rahman, Tanvir (2025). Frequency of Extensively Drug Resistance and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Genes among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Nasiriya, Iraq. , 11(1), 23-31. doi: 10.61186/iem.11.1.23
Ihab Rasmi Hassan; Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi; Hossein Motamedi; Tanvir Rahman. "Frequency of Extensively Drug Resistance and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Genes among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Nasiriya, Iraq". , 11, 1, 2025, 23-31. doi: 10.61186/iem.11.1.23
Rasmi Hassan, Ihab, Rezatofighi, Seyedeh Elham, Motamedi, Hossein, Rahman, Tanvir (2025). 'Frequency of Extensively Drug Resistance and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Genes among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Nasiriya, Iraq', , 11(1), pp. 23-31. doi: 10.61186/iem.11.1.23
Rasmi Hassan, Ihab, Rezatofighi, Seyedeh Elham, Motamedi, Hossein, Rahman, Tanvir Frequency of Extensively Drug Resistance and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Genes among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Nasiriya, Iraq. , 2025; 11(1): 23-31. doi: 10.61186/iem.11.1.23

Frequency of Extensively Drug Resistance and Metallo-Beta-Lactamase Genes among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Nasiriya, Iraq

Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology
Article 3, Volume 11, Issue 1, 2025, Pages 23-31    PDF (564.55 K)
Document Type: Original Research
DOI: 10.61186/iem.11.1.23
Authors
Ihab Rasmi Hassan1; Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi* 2; Hossein Motamedi3; Tanvir Rahman4
1Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Ahvaz; Iran
2Department Of Biology; Faculty of Science; Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Ahvaz; Iran
3Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz; Ahvaz; iran
4Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) isolates and to detect their metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) genes.

Materials & Methods: Three hundred urine samples collected from patients with suspected urinary tract infection (UTI) were evaluated for the presence of UPEC isolates. These isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing to determine multidrug-resistance (MDR) and XDR profiles. Imipenem or meropenem-resistant isolates were evaluated for MBL production using modified carbapenem inactivation (mCIM) and EDTA-CIM (eCIM) methods. PCR was carried out to identify the presence of MBL genes, including blaGIM, blaSIM, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-2, blaSPM-1, blaIMP-1, blaIMP-2, blaNDM, and blaKPC.

Findings: Out of 300 urine samples, 200 (66.66%) were positive for UTI. Among these, 150 were caused by UPEC. The highest antimicrobial resistance was against cefepime (88%) and ampicillin (85.3%), while the highest susceptibility was against imipenem (91.7%) and fosfomycin (84%). MDR and XDR profiles were detected in 145 (96.66%) and 5 (3.33%) isolates, respectively. Overall, five UPEC isolates were XDR and resistant to imipenem and meropenem. All these isolates were positive for mCIM, while four were positive for eCIM. The blaNDM gene was found in all five isolates, while the other MBL genes were not found.

Conclusion: The existence of MDR and XDR bacteria poses a significant risk to public health. blaNDM is circulating in UPEC strains at least in Nasiriya province, Iraq. This could lead to increased resistance to carbapenems among Enterobacteriaceae, a serious threat to public health.
Keywords
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli; Urinary tract infection; Antibiogram; Drug resistance; Beta-lactamases
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