Abolnezhadian, Farhad, Yousefi Avarvand, Arshid, Makvandi, Manoochehr, Khosravi, Azar Dokht, Varnaseri, Mehran, Alavi, Seyed Mohammad, Iranparast, Sara, Shariati, Gholamreza (2024). Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Naproxen on Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients. , 10(4), 319-327. doi: 10.61186/iem.10.4.319
Farhad Abolnezhadian; Arshid Yousefi Avarvand; Manoochehr Makvandi; Azar Dokht Khosravi; Mehran Varnaseri; Seyed Mohammad Alavi; Sara Iranparast; Gholamreza Shariati. "Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Naproxen on Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients". , 10, 4, 2024, 319-327. doi: 10.61186/iem.10.4.319
Abolnezhadian, Farhad, Yousefi Avarvand, Arshid, Makvandi, Manoochehr, Khosravi, Azar Dokht, Varnaseri, Mehran, Alavi, Seyed Mohammad, Iranparast, Sara, Shariati, Gholamreza (2024). 'Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Naproxen on Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients', , 10(4), pp. 319-327. doi: 10.61186/iem.10.4.319
Abolnezhadian, Farhad, Yousefi Avarvand, Arshid, Makvandi, Manoochehr, Khosravi, Azar Dokht, Varnaseri, Mehran, Alavi, Seyed Mohammad, Iranparast, Sara, Shariati, Gholamreza Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Naproxen on Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients. , 2024; 10(4): 319-327. doi: 10.61186/iem.10.4.319

Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Effects of Naproxen on Pro-inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients

Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology
Article 6, Volume 10, Issue 4, 2024, Pages 319-327    PDF (517.43 K)
Document Type: Original Research
DOI: 10.61186/iem.10.4.319
Authors
Farhad Abolnezhadian1; Arshid Yousefi Avarvand* 2; Manoochehr Makvandi3; Azar Dokht Khosravi3; Mehran Varnaseri4; Seyed Mohammad Alavi4; Sara Iranparast5; Gholamreza Shariati6
1Department of Pediatrics, Abuzar Children’s Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
2Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
3Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
4Department of Infectious, Razi Hospital, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
5Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
6Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in early 2020. The spectrum of clinical symptoms of COVID-19 patients, including asymptomatic and symptomatic cases, includes dry cough, fatigue, fever, shortness of breath, and gastrointestinal symptoms. However, increased immune inflammatory responses to stimuli could result in overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, immunopathological complications, and death in patients with COVID-19. Given the anti-inflammatory effects of naproxen, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of naproxen on IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TGF-β in COVID-19 patients.

Materials & Methods: Serum levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IFN-γ, and TGF-β were determined by a commercial ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) kit before and after naproxen treatment.

Findings: According to the results, serum levels of IFN-γ and TGF-β cytokines significantly decreased in patients after treatment with naproxen. In addition, naproxen treatment was effective in reducing the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in patients with COVID-19; however, it did not significantly change the serum level of TNF-α.

Conclusion: Overall, the findings demonstrated the effectiveness of naproxen on regulating the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in COVID-19 patients.
Keywords
Naproxen; inflammatory cytokines; Covid-19
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