Hodjat, Seyed Hossein, Kamali, Maryam (2024). HOW APHIDS AND HYGIENE INSECT PESTS RESPOND TO STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. , 27(3), 7-18.
Seyed Hossein Hodjat; Maryam Kamali. "HOW APHIDS AND HYGIENE INSECT PESTS RESPOND TO STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS". , 27, 3, 2024, 7-18.
Hodjat, Seyed Hossein, Kamali, Maryam (2024). 'HOW APHIDS AND HYGIENE INSECT PESTS RESPOND TO STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS', , 27(3), pp. 7-18.
Hodjat, Seyed Hossein, Kamali, Maryam HOW APHIDS AND HYGIENE INSECT PESTS RESPOND TO STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS. , 2024; 27(3): 7-18.

HOW APHIDS AND HYGIENE INSECT PESTS RESPOND TO STRESSFUL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Pathobiology Reserach
Article 2, Volume 27, Issue 3, 2024, Pages 7-18    PDF (604.58 K)
Document Type: Analytic Review
Authors
Seyed Hossein Hodjat* 1; Maryam Kamali2
1Jalal Afshar Zoological Museum, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2Department of Medical Entomology and Parasitology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Environmental stressors such as heat, cold, or natural enemies may alter insect genetics, behavior, morphology, or physiology, increasing their offspring's survival. Special traits and variations in population characteristics of insects enhance their resistant genotypes and can lead to adaptation to stressors under local conditions. Insects' reactions to stressors, such as toxins, plant defense toxicants, or insecticides, trigger internal hormonal secretions. Changes in host plants or feeding on blood produce metabolic stress and neural signal responses in insects. Mild stress is often tolerated by insect pests. Continued stress may activate the neuroendocrine system and produce hormones that defend against stress, increasing the pest's tolerance. Mimesis and camouflage in insects are evolutionary responses to escape the stresses of natural enemies. Fluctuating asymmetry and morphological changes in pest populations are also caused by stress. The reaction of cells to stress involves cytogenetic changes and the formation of various proteins through genetic signals that affect cell energy acquisition. In this article, we discuss the effects of stress on a few species of medically important insects and how pests cope with stress factors that affect their biology.
Keywords
Aphids; Pests; Hygiene; stress
References
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