Ariyarad, Simin, Rezatofighi, Seyedeh Elham, Motamedi, Hossein (2019). Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and immune evasion cluster genes in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from Khuzestan Province, Iran. , 5(1), 7-14.
Simin Ariyarad; Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi; Hossein Motamedi. "Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and immune evasion cluster genes in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from Khuzestan Province, Iran". , 5, 1, 2019, 7-14.
Ariyarad, Simin, Rezatofighi, Seyedeh Elham, Motamedi, Hossein (2019). 'Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and immune evasion cluster genes in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from Khuzestan Province, Iran', , 5(1), pp. 7-14.
Ariyarad, Simin, Rezatofighi, Seyedeh Elham, Motamedi, Hossein Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and immune evasion cluster genes in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from Khuzestan Province, Iran. , 2019; 5(1): 7-14.

Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and immune evasion cluster genes in clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from Khuzestan Province, Iran

Infection Epidemiology and Microbiology
Article 2, Volume 5, Issue 1, 2019, Pages 7-14    PDF (384.62 K)
Document Type: Original Research
Authors
Simin Ariyarad1; Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi* 2; Hossein Motamedi1
1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
Abstract


Aims: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is recognized as an important health problem worldwide. To counteract the human innate immunity, S. aureus produces a number of immune evasion cluster (IEC) including staphylokinase (SAK), staphylococcal enterotoxin P (SEP), staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), staphylococcal complement inhibitor (SCIN), and chemotaxis inhibitory protein (CHIP) encoded by sak, sep, sea, scn, and chp genes, respectively. These genes are carried by β-hamolysin-converting bacteriophages. The present study was conducted to determine the IEC phage types and antibiotic resistance patterns in 145 clinical MRSA isolates from Khuzestan Province, Iran.

Methods: All the isolates were investigated by disc diffusion method and PCR assay of sak, sep, sea, scn, and chp genes.

Findings: The assessment of antibiotic resistance showed the highest rate of resistance towards penicillin (97.25%), followed by methicillin (95.8%), ceftazidime (81.4%), erythromycin (71.8%), clindamycin (61.4%), ciprofloxacin (60.7%), gentamycin (56%), imipenem (56.55%), and vancomycin (0%), respectively. Also, the frequency of IEC types was as follows: type A (4.8%), type B (9%), type C (13.1%), type D (12.4%), type E (27.6%), type F (1.4%), type G (0.7%), and type H (6.9%). On the other hand, 24.1% of the isolates did not show any of the IEC types.

Conclusion: The findings showed that IEC-carrying bacteriophages are highly prevalent among MRSA strains, resulting in the adaptation and counteraction of bacteria to the human immune system. Therefore, understanding the role of IEC in the virulence of bacteria can improve our knowledge about the evolution, vaccination, and treatment of S. aureus infection.
Keywords
Antibiotic resistance; Immune evasion cluster; Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; Phage typing
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