Karim, Behrouz, Rezaei, Masoud, Bahramifar, Nader, Naghdi, Shahab (2023). The comparison of some ecofriendly and conventional methods of extracting common kilka oil in terms of quantity and quality. , 11(3), 241-253. doi: 10.22034/ecopersia.11.3.241
Behrouz Karim; Masoud Rezaei; Nader Bahramifar; Shahab Naghdi. "The comparison of some ecofriendly and conventional methods of extracting common kilka oil in terms of quantity and quality". , 11, 3, 2023, 241-253. doi: 10.22034/ecopersia.11.3.241
Karim, Behrouz, Rezaei, Masoud, Bahramifar, Nader, Naghdi, Shahab (2023). 'The comparison of some ecofriendly and conventional methods of extracting common kilka oil in terms of quantity and quality', , 11(3), pp. 241-253. doi: 10.22034/ecopersia.11.3.241
Karim, Behrouz, Rezaei, Masoud, Bahramifar, Nader, Naghdi, Shahab The comparison of some ecofriendly and conventional methods of extracting common kilka oil in terms of quantity and quality. , 2023; 11(3): 241-253. doi: 10.22034/ecopersia.11.3.241

The comparison of some ecofriendly and conventional methods of extracting common kilka oil in terms of quantity and quality

ECOPERSIA
Article 6, Volume 11, Issue 3 - Serial Number 45, 2023, Pages 241-253    PDF (1.28 M)
Document Type: Original Research
DOI: 10.22034/ecopersia.11.3.241
Authors
Behrouz Karim1; Masoud Rezaei* 2; Nader Bahramifar3; Shahab Naghdi1
1Department of Seafood processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran, M. Sc.
2Department of Seafood processing, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran, Ph.D.
3Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 46414-356, Noor, Iran, Ph.D.
Abstract
Aim: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of various extraction techniques, namely supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), ultrasound, and enzymatic methods, in comparison to the conventional wet reduction method, in terms of oil yield, quality attributes, and fatty acid composition in common kilka oil.

Materials & Methods: Mentioned methods were used to extract fish oil. Then, their quality oxidation, including PV, TBA, FFA, and CD, and fatty acid composition were evaluated.

Findings: The study's findings revealed that the SC-CO2 extraction method exhibited the most favorable outcome in terms of extraction yield, achieving a remarkable rate of 89.6%. The lowest oxidation indexes including PV (1.78 ± 0.19 mmol.kg-1), TBA (0.54 ± 0.03 mg MA.kg-1), FFA (35.49 ± 0.52 mg FFA.g TAG-1), and CD (7.61 ± 0.34 %) was found in oil extracted with SC-CO2 method. The fatty acid profile of oil extracted by SC-CO2 exhibited higher polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) (29.81 ± 0.27) and lower saturated fatty acid (SFA) (27.64 ± 0.20) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (34.78 ± 0.67) than those obtained by the other extraction methods (p > 0.05). The n-3/n-6, PUFA/SFA, and EPA + DHA/C16 ratios were higher for oil extracted by SC-CO2 than the other three methods. Conclusion: The common kilka oil, extracted through supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), can be regarded as an abundant source of crucial polyunsaturated fatty acids belonging to the n-3 series.
Keywords
Supercritical fluid extraction; Common kilka; Omega-3 fatty acids; Fish oil
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