Shabani, Emamali, Zareei, Ali, Muhammadi, Reza (2022). Biological Weapons and their Functions in the Middle Ages of Iran. , 29(1), 1-23. doi: 10.52547/eijh.29.1.1
Emamali Shabani; Ali Zareei; Reza Muhammadi. "Biological Weapons and their Functions in the Middle Ages of Iran". , 29, 1, 2022, 1-23. doi: 10.52547/eijh.29.1.1
Shabani, Emamali, Zareei, Ali, Muhammadi, Reza (2022). 'Biological Weapons and their Functions in the Middle Ages of Iran', , 29(1), pp. 1-23. doi: 10.52547/eijh.29.1.1
Shabani, Emamali, Zareei, Ali, Muhammadi, Reza Biological Weapons and their Functions in the Middle Ages of Iran. , 2022; 29(1): 1-23. doi: 10.52547/eijh.29.1.1

Biological Weapons and their Functions in the Middle Ages of Iran

The International Journal of Humanities
Article 1, Volume 29, Issue 1, 2022, Pages 1-23    PDF (5.33 M)
Document Type: Original Research
DOI: 10.52547/eijh.29.1.1
Authors
Emamali Shabani1; Ali Zareei* 2; Reza Muhammadi3
1Associate Professor of History, Department of History, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
2PhD Student, Department of History, The Research Institute of Imam Khomeini and Islamic Revolution, Tehran, Iran.
3PhD Student, Department of History, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
Abstract
The use of biological agents, also known as biological weapons in modern terms, to eliminate enemies and rivals, has been a critical issue in recent decades. The history of political developments in Iran during the Islamic Middle Ages has been witness to many instances of using weaponized biological agents for accomplishing political-military goals. This research employs a historical approach and attempts to identify the functions of biological agents in political and military developments of Iran during the Islamic Middle Ages. The results indicate that in addition to functioning as an instance of deterring propaganda, thus breaking the enemy's morale, biological weapons were able to alter the balance of military power in the battleground and determine the triumphs and defeats. Accordingly, biological agents have had other military and political implications, such as sabotaging enemies' weaponry and equipment and eliminating prominent figures. Iran's history has documented innumerable instances of such applications of biological weapons during the Middle Ages.
Keywords
Biological Agents; Microbial Weapons; Military Functions; The Islamic Middle Ages; History of Iran
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