Volume 15, Issue 1 (2025)
Naqshejahan 2025, 15(1): 109-139 |
Back to browse issues page
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Mohammadi Nasab A, SHAHCHERAGHI A, Habib F. Compilation of the computational model of centrality in the architecture of traditional houses (Case study: Imam Jome’s house in Qajar period). Naqshejahan 2025; 15 (1) :109-139
URL: http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-78822-en.html
URL: http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-78822-en.html
1- Department of Architecture, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2- Department of Architecture, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author) ,a.shahcheraghi@gmail.com
3- Department of Architecture, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
2- Department of Architecture, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. (Corresponding Author) ,
3- Department of Architecture, SR.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract: (113 Views)
Aims: The centrality of spaces in architectural design, despite being considered as one of the pillars of aesthetics in traditional houses, has been neglected due to the current market-oriented view of the construction industry. The aim of this research is to develop a computational method to quantitatively explain the centrality in a traditional house for use in new buildings.
Methods: The spaces of traditional houses of the Qajar period were extracted and coded based on their spatial form and function. A computational model was presented to explain the deviation from the normalized center. The justified plan graph, spatial levels, and centrality of the spaces of the case study was drawn.
Findings: In the spaces of the traditional Imam Jome’s house, the courtyard, the veranda, the Shahneshin, the hall, the courtyard of the pond, and the inner courtyard represent centripetal spaces and have zero deviation from the center, and the outer courtyard with 14 connections is known as the most central space. On the other hand, the vestibule, the suffah, the ordinary rooms, the staircase, and the verandas were less central and were known as centrifugal spaces.
Conclusion: Examining centrality from both spatial and formal syntactic aspects, as well as validating with the help of mathematical calculations, can restore the pattern that existed in the architect's view at that time and use it in new buildings to highlight the aesthetic and functional elements of the building.
Methods: The spaces of traditional houses of the Qajar period were extracted and coded based on their spatial form and function. A computational model was presented to explain the deviation from the normalized center. The justified plan graph, spatial levels, and centrality of the spaces of the case study was drawn.
Findings: In the spaces of the traditional Imam Jome’s house, the courtyard, the veranda, the Shahneshin, the hall, the courtyard of the pond, and the inner courtyard represent centripetal spaces and have zero deviation from the center, and the outer courtyard with 14 connections is known as the most central space. On the other hand, the vestibule, the suffah, the ordinary rooms, the staircase, and the verandas were less central and were known as centrifugal spaces.
Conclusion: Examining centrality from both spatial and formal syntactic aspects, as well as validating with the help of mathematical calculations, can restore the pattern that existed in the architect's view at that time and use it in new buildings to highlight the aesthetic and functional elements of the building.
Keywords: Traditional houses, centrality, computational model, Identity, modern heritage, Islamic Iranian architecture
Article Type: Original Research |
Subject:
Highperformance Architecture
Received: 2025/01/4 | Accepted: 2025/04/30 | Published: 2025/04/30
Received: 2025/01/4 | Accepted: 2025/04/30 | Published: 2025/04/30
References
1. Nadimi Z, Mandegari K, Mohammadi A. The Stages of the Center, an Analysis of the Levels of the Concept of the Center in Architecture, Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies, 5 (3), 115-129, 2014. https://jias.kashanu.ac.ir/article_111726.html [Article]
2. Daneshpanah F, Mousavizade M. The harmonisation between architecture and nature in the desert of Iran with a hot and dry climate. WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment. 2010 Mar 16;128:295-306. https://www.witpress.com/elibrary/wit-transactions-on-the-built-environment/128/20790 [Article]
3. Rahmati Gavari, Tahbaz M, Ghodousi Far H, Centrality Criteria for Analyzing the Functional Layout of Space, Journal of Iranian architecture& Urbanism, vol 10, No 17, 159-173, May 2019. https://www.isau.ir/article_97236.html?lang=en [Article]
4. Irurtzun A. Why Y: on the centrality of syntax in the architecture of grammar, Catalan Journal of Linguistics, Vol 8,141-160, 2009. https://raco.cat/index.php/catalanjournal/article/view/168908 [Article]
5. Kweon Y. A Comparative Study on Centrality in Museum Layouts- In the Case of the Royal Museum of Scotland and Burrell Gallery, Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, Vol1, Issue 1, 205-212, 2002. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3130/jaabe.1.205 [Article]
6. Eloy S, Guerreiro R. Transforming housing typologies. Space syntax evaluation and shape grammar generation, Arq urb Journal, No 15, 86-114, 2016. https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/handle/10071/12884 [Article]
7. Lozanovska M. Hagia Sofia (532–537AD): A Study of Centrality, interiority and transcendence in architecture, The Journal of architecture, Vol 15. Issue 4, 425-448, 2010. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13602365.2010.507521 [Article]
8. Mazaheri M, Dejdar O, Mousavi S. Analyzing the Role of Yards in Spatial Structure of Iranian Houses Using Space Syntax, Hoviat Shahr Journal, vol 12, No 34, 2018. https://sanad.iau.ir/fa/Article/793742 [Article]
9. Hajian M, Alitajer S, Mahdavinejad M. The Influence of Courtyard on the Formation of Iranian Traditional Houses Configuration in Kashan,Armanshahr Architecture& Urban Development Journal, Vol 13,Issue 30, 43-55,2020. https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_108573.html?lang=en [Article]
10. Latifi M, Mahdavinejad M. Contemporization of Isfahan Indigenous Housing Model based on Analysis of non-Morphic Relationships of Plan, Case Study: Jangjouian House. Journal of Iranian Architecture Studies. 2022 Sep 13; 11(21): 185-203. https://doi.org/10.22052/jias.2022.245859.0 [Article] [DOI]
11. Crucitti P, Latora V, and Porta S. Centrality in networks of urban streets,Chaos Journal,Vol 16, Issue 1,1-10, 2006. https://pubs.aip.org/aip/cha/article-abstract/16/1/015113/321923/Centrality-in-networks-of-urban-streets?redirectedFrom=fulltext [Article]
12. Latifi M, Mahdavinejad M, Diba D. The Home Architecture Data Mining from a Spatial Structure Perspective (Case Study: Jangjouyan House). International Journal of Applied Arts Studies (IJAPAS). 2020 Aug 16;5(1):57-76. Available: http://www.ijapas.com/index.php/ijapas/article/view/279 [Article]
13. Farajollahzadeh R, Salehinia M, Redefining Place by Focusing on the Process of Creation and Explanation of Place Centrality, Bagh-e Nazar journal, Vol 18, issue 102, ,69-82, December 2021. https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_139237.html?lang=en [Article]
14. Mehdizadeh F, Tehrani F, Valibeyg N. The use of regular triangles in mathematical calculations and the implementation of geometry in the construction and implementation of traditional Iranian architecture,Vol 1,No1,15-26,2012. https://mmi.aui.ac.ir/article-1-800-fa.html [Article]
15. Makinejad M, Symmetry, and Repetition in Persian Traditional Arts, Kimiaye Honar Journal, Vol 3,No10, 99-108, 2014. https://kimiahonar.ir/article-1-196-en.html [Article]
16. Taghvaei V, The hidden spatial system of Iranian architecture and its structure, Honarhaye Ziba Journal,Vol30, No 30, 2008. https://jhz.ut.ac.ir/article_18058.html [Article]
17. Latifi M, Mahdavinejad M, Pimenta Do Vale C, Iannaccone G. Asymmetric Symmetry: Reinterpretation of Hidden Dimensions of Persian Geometry in Qajar Houses of Isfahan. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development. 2023 Nov 19;16(44):15-27. doi: 10.22034/AAUD.2023.340811.2662 Available: https://www.armanshahrjournal.com/article_183484.html?lang=en [Article]
18. Hamzenajd M, Dashti M. Iranian Traditional Houses from The Perspective of Phenomenologists and Moral Traditionalists., Naghshejahan Journal.,Vol6, No2, P2435., 2016. http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-895-en.html [Article]
19. Fallah Tafti F and Lee J., Examining Variance, Flexibility, and Centrality in the Spatial Configurations of Yazd Schools: A Longitudinal Analysis, Buildings Journal, 12(12), 2080, 2022. https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/12/2080 [Article]
20. Dawes M., Ostwald M.,The mathematical structure of Alexander’s A Pattern Language: An analysis of the role of invariant patterns, Urban Analytics and City Science Journal,Vol 47, Issue 1, 7-24, 2020. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2399808318761396 [Article]
21. Sharif H, Mohammad Alinezhad F. Pattern Language and Cognitive Psychology, S0ffeh Journal, Vol 22, No 1, March 2012. https://soffeh.sbu.ac.ir/article_100130.html?lang=en [Article]
22. Kweon Y, A Comparative Study on Centrality in Museum Layouts -In the Case of the Royal Museum of Scotland and Burrell Gallery, Vol1,Issue 1,2002. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3130/jaabe.1.205. [Article]
23. Latifi M, Daneshjoo K. The Creation of an Architectural Work within the Creation of the Universe Regarding the Holy Quran. Naqshejahan - Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2016 Sep 10; 6(2): 5-15. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1395.6.2.3.3. Available: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-4862-en.html [Article]
24. Gu N, Lee J, Ostwald M. A Justified Plan Graph (JPG) grammar approach to identifying spatial design patterns in an architectural style, Urban Analytics and City Science Journal,Vol 45, Issue 1, 1-23, 2016, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0265813516665618 [Article]
25. Lee J, Ostwald M, Gu N. A statistical shape grammar approach to analysing and generating design instances of Murcutt’s domestic architecture, Urban Analytics and City Science Journal,Vol 48, Issue 4, 1-16, 2020. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/2399808320913568 [Article]
26. Rismanichian O., Bells S., The application of space Syntax in studying the structure of the cities, Honarhay Ziba Journal, Vol 2, No 43, 49-56, 2010. https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_23063.html [Article]
27. Hasani K., Nourouzborazjani V., and Nasirsalami M., V Re-read of Court’s Form and Related Spaces with Shape Grammar Case Study: 100 Houses of Qajar Dynasty in Kashan City, Bagh-E Nazar Journal, Vol 13, Issue 44, No 44, 65-76, 2017. https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_42148.html [Article]
28. Dawes M., Ostwald M.., Lee J, Examining control, centrality and flexibility in Palladio’s villa plans using space syntax measurements, Frontiers of Architectural Research Journal, Vol 10, Issue 3, 467-482, 2021. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263521000091 [Article]
29. Dawes M., Ostwald M., Precise Locations in Space: An Alternative Approach to Space Syntax Analysis Using Intersection Points, Scientific& Academic Publishing Journal,Vol 3,1-11, 2013. http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.arch.20130301.01.html [Article]
30. Hosseini A, Jafarzadeh T, Rohban F. Residential Space Syntax for Better Family Members’ Interaction.Housing and Rural Environment Journal, . 35(154), 41-58,2016. http://jhre.ir/article-1-999-fa.html [Article]
31. Dawes M.,Lee J., Ostwald M..,‘Visual excitation’ in Richard Neutra’s residential architecture: An analysis using weighted graphs and centrality measures, Frontiers of Architectural Research Journal, Vol 11, Issue 6, 1092-1103, 2022. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S209526352200053X [Article]
32. Maddahi M, Memarian GH, Analysis and Investigation of Spatial Configuration of Native Houses with a Spatial Approach Case Study: Bushrovieh City Housing and Rural Environment Journal, Vol 35, No 156, 49-66, 2015. http://jhre.ir/article-1-846-fa.html [Article]
33. Mirzaei V, Sajjadzadeh H, Khanlou N. Spatial layout of historical houses with social and cultural contexts studied: Historical houses of Kashan, Sarzamin Geograhical Journal, Vol 19, No 76, 121-140, 2023. https://sanad.iau.ir/fa/Article/823218?FullText=FullText [Article]
34. Liao P, GU N, Yu R, Brisbin Ch. Exploring the spatial pattern of historic Chinese towns and cities: A syntactical approach, Frontiers of Architectural Research Journal, Vol 10, Issue 3, 598-613, 2021. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263521000297 [Article]
35. Hasani K., Nourouzborazjani V., A Specification of a New Pattern of Shape Grammar in Architecture of Today’s houses; Case study: Qajar houses in Tabriz and Tehran, Vol 15, Issue 63, 29-40, 2018. https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_67365.html [Article]
36. Cagdas G.,A shape grammar model for designing row-houses, Elsevier Journal, Vol 17, Issue 1, 35-51, 1996. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0142694X9500005C [Article]
37. Rezaei H.,Keramati Gh., Dehbashi Sharif M., Nasirsalami M.,A Schematic Explanatory Pattern for the Psychological Process of Achieving Environmental Meaning and Actualizing Sense of Place Focusing on the Intervening Role of the Perception,Bagh-E Nazar Journal, Vol 15, Issue 65, 49-66, 2018. https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_74083.html?lang=en [Article]
38. Rajesh Lambe N., Dongre A., A shape grammar approach to contextual design: A case study of the Pol houses of Ahmedabad, India, Urban Analytics and City Science Journal, 1-17, 2017. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2399808317734207 [Article]
39. Fatahi K, Nasrollahi N, Ansarimanesh M, Khodakarami J, Omranipour A. Comparison of Thermal Comfort Range of Finn Garden and Historical texture of Kashan. Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2021 May 10;11(1):53-63. [Persian] https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-45137-en.html [Article]
40. Hosseini S A, Bemanian M. shape Grammar of Kashan’s traditional Houses: Investigation of the formal structure and spatial relations of 19 historical houses of Kashan. Naqshejahan 2022; 12(2):1-20. Available: http://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-56632-en.html [Article]
41. Esmaeilian Toussi H, Etesam E. Analysis of the Architecture of the Industrial Heritage Using a Combined Method of Typology and Analytical Shape Grammar (Case Study of Textile Factories of Isfahan and Yazd in the Pahlavi Era). Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2019 Mar 10;9(1):1-12. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1398.9.1.6.5. Available at: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-31856-en.html [Article]
42. Pesaran A., kariminia Sh.,nazemi E.,Toghyani Sh., Recognizing Module's Role in Traditional Houses Design in term of passive Cooling (Case Study: Traditional Houses of ghajar in Shiraz), Journal of Architectural Thought, Vol3, No6, 2019. https://at.journals.ikiu.ac.ir/article_1798.html [Article]
43. Esmaeilian Toussi H, Etesam I, Mahdavinejad M. The Application of Evolutionary Algorithms and Shape Grammar in the Design Process Based upon Traditional Structures. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 2021 May;18(95):19-36. https://doi.org/10.22034/BAGH.2019.161797.3914 [Article] [DOI]
44. Omrani Azizabad S, Mahdavinejad M, Hadighi M. Three-dimensional embodied visibility graph analysis: Investigating and analyzing values along an outdoor path. Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. 2024 Dec 4:23998083241303199. https://doi.org/10.1177/23998083241303199 [Article] [DOI]
45. Piran, H., Saeedeh Zarabadi, Z., Ziari, Y., Majedi, H. Explaining sustainable urban transport indicators using structural equations (Case study: Tehran Metro lines 1 and 2). Geography (Regional Planning), 2019; 9(2): 521-538. [Persian] Available: http://www.jgeoqeshm.ir/article_89126_en.html [Article]
46. Siadatian S, Pourjafar M. Testing the Application of "Justified Plan Graph"(JPG) in Iranian-Islamic Architecture Case Studies: Rasoolian House in Yazd and a House in Masooleh Naqshejahan - Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2015;4(3):27-39. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1393.4.3.4.2. Available: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-4527-en.html [Article]
47. Alidoust Masouleh S, Ansari M, Bemanian M, Haghighatbin M. Using Space Syntax to Analyze Behavior Setting; Case Study: Neighborhood Parks in District 5 of Tehran Municipality. Naqshejahan-Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2022 Jan 10;11(4):1-24. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1400.11.4.2.1. Available at: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-55837-en.html [Article]
48. Bafna S. Rethinking genotype: Comments on the sources of type in architecture. The Journal of Space Syntax. 2012; 3(1):69-80. Available at: http://128.40.150.106/joss/index.php/joss/article/view/108/pdf [Article]
49. Kia A, Mahdavinejad M. Interactive Form-Generation in High-Performance Architecture Theory. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development. 2020; 10(2):37-48. Available: http://ijaud.srbiau.ac.ir/article_15848_b1ba4e84fbe133b34ad35f7a46febfe2.pdf [Article]
50. Mahyari H, Zarkesh A, Mahdavinejad M. An intelligent adaptive skin from a biomimetic approach for energy consumption reduction. Hoviatshahr. 2022 Dec 22;16(4):23-38. https://doi.org/10.30495/hoviatshahr.2022.64865.12140 [Article] [DOI]
51. Mardomi K, Moodi A. Agent-Based Modeling; a Paradigm to Deal with Complexity and Uncertainty in Architectural and Environmental Problems. Naqshejahan - Basic studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2019 Sep 10;9(2):145-55. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1398.9.2.1.2. Available: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-21572-en.html [Article]
52. Pourjafar M, Dehghani F. Role of Cultural Landscapes Regeneration in the Enhancement of the Quality of Citizen Life (Case Study: Zandieh Complex of Shiraz). Naqshejahan - Basic Studies and New Technologies of Architecture and Planning. 2011 Oct 10;1(1):81-94. [Persian] https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.23224991.1390.1.1.6.9. Available: https://bsnt.modares.ac.ir/article-2-7441-en.html [Article]
53. Rahbar M, Mahdavinejad M, Bemanian M, Davaie Markazi AH, Hovestadt L. Generating Synthetic Space Allocation Probability Layouts Based on Trained Conditional-GANs. Applied Artificial Intelligence. 2019 Jul 3;33(8):689-705. https://doi.org/10.1080/08839514.2019.1592919 [Article] [DOI]
54. Rahbar M, Mahdavinejad M, Markazi A.H.D., Bemanian M. Architectural layout design through deep learning and agent-based modeling: A hybrid approach. Journal of Building Engineering. 2022 April15; 47, 103822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.103822 [Article] [DOI]
55. Sadeghi S, Safavi SA, Mahdavinejad M. The Role of Hybrid Intelligence in Urban Design and Smart City Development: A Case Study of Niavaran Street. Armanshahr Architecture & Urban Development, 2024 Nov 21. doi: 10.22034/aaud.2024.464237.2894 [Article]
56. Soheili J, Diba D. How Government Systems Have Influenced the Emergence of Nationalist Architectural Movements in Iran and Turkey. The Monthly Scientific Journal of Bagh-e Nazar, 2010; 7(14): 27-44. Available at: https://www.bagh-sj.com/article_17.html?lang=en [Article]
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |