Determining the optimal conditions and factors affecting the efficiency of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment containing ciprofloxacin by TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalytic process

Gholamian, ALi; Qaderi, Farhad; Aminirad, Hassan; Abedini, Rezvan

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Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Development

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Gholamian A, Qaderi F, Aminirad H, Abedini R. Determining the optimal conditions and factors affecting the efficiency of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment containing ciprofloxacin by TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalytic process. eesd 2025; 1 (1)
URL: http://https://journals.modares.ac.ir/index.php?sid=35&slc_lang=fa/article-35-80423-en.html

Determining the optimal conditions and factors affecting the efficiency of pharmaceutical wastewater treatment containing ciprofloxacin by TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalytic process

ALi Gholamian¹

, Farhad Qaderi

², Hassan Aminirad¹

, Rezvan Abedini³

1- Babol Noshirvani University of Technology
2- Babol Noshirvani University of Technology , f.qaderi@nit.ac.ir
3- IUST

Abstract: (113 Views)

In recent years, the increasing presence of antibiotics particularly ciprofloxacin (CIP) in aquatic environments has raised serious environmental and health concerns. This study investigated the efficiency of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles activated by ultraviolet (UV) light in removing ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions. Experimental design was carried out using Design Expert software, and the effects of variables such as pH, reaction time, and initial drug concentration were evaluated. The results showed that increasing reaction time and decreasing initial concentration significantly improved the removal efficiency. The optimal pH range for maximum removal was found to be between 5 and 7. Additionally, the photocatalytic system used in this study demonstrated high performance, low energy consumption, and the ability to degrade the pollutant without the need for additional chemicals. These findings suggest that TiO₂-based photocatalysis is an efficient and environmentally friendly method for treating wastewater containing antibiotics.

Keywords: ciprofloxacin, antibiotic, photocatalytic, wastewater treatment, tio2, AOPs

Article Type: Original Research | Subject: Modern water and wastewater treatment
Received: 2025/04/19 | Accepted: 2025/05/31 | Published: 2025/05/31

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